使制度化	institutionalize	英文： [verb]:To make into, treat as, or give the character of an institution to. [verb]:To make part of a structured and usually well-established system. [verb]:To place (a person) in the care of an institution.
注释：

使成整体	integrate	英文： [verb]:V.tr.To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify. [verb]:V.tr.To join with something else; unite. [verb]:V.tr.To make part of a larger unit: integrated the new procedures into the work routine. [verb]:V.tr.To open to people of all races or ethnic groups without restriction; desegregate. [verb]:V.tr.Mathematics [verb]:V.tr.To calculate the integral of. [verb]:V.tr.To perform integration on. [verb]:V.tr.PsychologyTo bring about the integration of (personality traits). [verb]:v.intr.To become integrated or undergo integration.
	whole	英文： [adj]:Containing all components; complete [adj]:Not divided or disjoined; in one unit [adj]:Constituting the full amount, extent, or duration [adj]:Not wounded, injured, or impaired; sound or unhurt [adj]:Having been restored; healed [adj]:Having the same parents [adj]:Mathematics Not fractional; integral. [n.]:A number, group, set, or thing lacking no part or element; a complete thing. [n.]:An entity or a system made up of interrelated parts [adv.]:Informal Entirely; wholly
	merge	英文： [verb]:v.tr.archaic:to plunge or engulf in something :IMMERSE [verb]:v.tr.to cause to combine, unite, or coalesce [verb]:v.tr.to blend gradually by stages that blur distinctions [verb]:v.intr.to become combined into one [verb]:v.intr.to blend or come together without abrupt change <merging traffic> synonyms see MIX
	combine	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bring into a state of unity; merge. [verb]:v.tr.To join (two or more substances) to make a single substance, such as a chemical compound; mix. [verb]:v.tr.To possess or exhibit in combination: [verb]:v.tr.To harvest (a grain crop) using a cutting, threshing, and cleaning machine. [verb]:v.intr.To become united; coalesce. [verb]:v.intr.To join forces for a common purpose.See Synonyms at join [verb]:v.intr.Chemistry To form a compound. [verb]:v.intr.To harvest a grain crop using a cutting, threshing, and cleaning machine: [n.]:A power-operated harvesting machine that cuts, threshes, and cleans grain. [n.]:An association of people or groups united for the furtherance of political or commercial interests. [n.]:A combination.
	amass	英文： [verb]:v.tr.to collect for oneself :ACCUMULATE <amass a great fortune> [verb]:v.tr.to collect into a mass :GATHER <must select rather than simply amass details> [verb]:v.intr.to come together :ASSEMBLE
	form	英文： [n.]:The shape and structure of an object. [n.]:The body or outward appearance of a person or an animal considered separately from the face or head; figure. [n.]:The essence of something. [n.]:The mode in which a thing exists, acts, or manifests itself; kind: [n.]:Procedure as determined or governed by regulation or custom. [n.]:A fixed order of words or procedures, as for use in a ceremony; a formula. [n.]:A document with blanks for the insertion of details or information. [n.]:Manners or conduct as governed by etiquette, decorum, or custom. [n.]:Behavior according to a fixed or accepted standard. [n.]:Performance considered with regard to acknowledged criteria. [n.]:Proven ability to perform. [n.]:Fitness, as of an athlete or animal, with regard to health or training. [n.]:Method of arrangement or manner of coordinating elements in literary or musical composition or in organized discourse. [n.]:A particular type or example of such arrangement: [n.]:The design, structure, or pattern of a work of art. [n.]:A mold for the setting of concrete. [n.]:A model of the human figure or part of it used for displaying clothes. [n.]:A proportioned model that may be adjusted for fitting clothes. [n.]:A grade in a British secondary school or in some American private schools: [n.]:A linguistic form. [n.]:The external aspect of words with regard to their inflections, pronunciation, or spelling. [n.]:Chiefly British A long seat; a bench. [n.]:The resting place of a hare. [n.]:Botany A subdivision of a variety usually differing in one trivial characteristic, such as flower color. [verb]:v.tr.To give form to; shape: [verb]:v.tr.To develop in the mind; conceive [verb]:v.tr.To shape or mold (dough, for example) into a particular form. [verb]:v.tr.To arrange oneself in [verb]:v.tr.To organize or arrange [verb]:v.tr.To fashion, train, or develop by instruction or precept [verb]:v.tr.To come to have; develop or acquire [verb]:v.tr.To constitute or compose a usually basic element, part, or characteristic of. [verb]:v.tr.To produce (a tense, for example) by assuming an inflection. [verb]:v.tr.To make (a word) by derivation or composition. [verb]:v.tr.To put in order; arrange. [verb]:v.intr.To become formed or shaped. [verb]:v.intr.To come into being by taking form; arise. [verb]:v.intr.To assume a specified form, shape, or pattern.
注释：integrate在“平均；协调”释义下的同义词：proportion, balance, equalize, coordinate.

加剧	intensify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make intense or more intense. [verb]:v.tr.To increase the contrast of (a photographic image). [verb]:v.intr.To become intense or more intense.
	aggrandize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To increase the scope of; extend. [verb]:v.tr.To make greater in power, influence, stature, or reputation. [verb]:v.tr.To make appear greater; exaggerate.
	magnify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make greater in size; enlarge. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to appear greater or seem more important than is in fact the case; exaggerate. [verb]:v.tr.To increase the apparent size of, especially by means of a lens. [verb]:v.tr.To glorify or praise. [verb]:v.intr.To increase or have the power to increase the size or volume of an image or a sound.
	amplify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.to expand (as a statement) by the use of detail or illustration or by closer analysis [verb]:v.tr.to make larger or greater (as in amount, importance, or intensity) :INCREASE [verb]:v.tr.to increase the strength or amount of especially :to make louder [verb]:v.tr.to cause (a gene or DNA sequence) to undergo amplification [verb]:v.intr.to expand one's remarks or ideas synonyms see EXPAND
	accentuate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To stress or emphasize; intensify [verb]:v.tr.To pronounce with a stress or an accent. [verb]:v.tr.To mark with an accent.
	concentrate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To direct or draw toward a common center; focus. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into one main body. [verb]:v.tr.To make (a solution or mixture) less dilute. [verb]:v.intr.To converge toward or meet in a common center. [verb]:v.intr.To increase by degree; gather. [verb]:v.intr.To direct one's thoughts or attention. [n.]:Abbr. Conc. A product that has been concentrated, especially a food that has been reduced in volume or bulk by the removal of liquid.
	highlight	英文： [n.]An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated. [n.]An especially significant or interesting detail or event. [verb]:v.tr.To give a highlight to (the subject of a painting, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To make prominent; emphasize. [verb]:v.tr.To be a highlight of. [verb]:v.tr.To mark (important passages of text) with a usually fluorescent marker as a means of memory retention or for later reference.
	thicken	英文： [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become thick or thicker. [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become more intense, intricate, or complex.
	emphasize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give emphasis to; stress.
	reinforce	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give more force or effectiveness to; strengthen. [verb]:v.tr.To strengthen (a military force) with additional personnel or equipment. [verb]:v.tr.To strengthen by adding extra support or material. [verb]:v.tr.To increase the number or amount of; augment. [verb]:v.tr.Psychology [verb]:v.tr.To reward (an experimental subject, for example) with a reinforcer subsequent to a desired response or performance. [verb]:v.tr.To stimulate (a response) by means of a reinforcer.
	brighten	英文： [v.tr.intr.]To make or become bright or brighter.
	strengthen	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make strong or increase the strength of. [verb]:v.intr.To become strong or stronger.
	deepen	英文： [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become deep or deeper.
注释：

埋葬	inter	英文： [verb]:v.tr.to deposit (a dead body) in the earth or in a tomb [pref.]:between :among :in the midst <intercrop> <interpenetrate> <interstellar> [pref.]:reciprocal <interrelation> :reciprocally <intermarry> [pref.]:located between <interstation> [pref.]:carried on between <international> [pref.]:occurring between <interborough> :intervening <interglacial> [pref.]:shared by, involving, or derived from two or more <interfaith> [pref.]:between the limits of :within <intertropical> [pref.]:existing between <intercommunal> <intercompany>
	bury	英文： [verb]:v.tr.to dispose of by depositing in or as if in the earth especially: to inter with funeral ceremonies [verb]:v.tr.to conceal by or as if by covering with earth [verb]:v.tr.to cover from view <buried her face in her hands> [verb]:v.tr.to have done with <burying their differences> [verb]:v.tr.to conceal in obscurity <buried the retraction among the classified ads> [verb]:v.tr.SUBMERGE, ENGROSS ― usually used with in <buried himself in his books> [verb]:v.tr.to put (a playing card) out of play by placing it in or under the dealer's pack [verb]:v.tr.to succeed emphatically or impressively in making (a shot) <bury a jumper> <bury a putt> [verb]:v.tr.to defeat overwhelmingly synonyms see HIDE–bury the hatchet :to settle a disagreement :become reconciled
	entomb	英文： [verb]:v.tr. to deposit in or as if in a tomb :BURY [verb]:v.tr.  to serve as a tomb for  –entombment noun
		英文： [verb]:
注释：

仲裁；介入；交涉	intercede	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To plead on another's behalf. [verb]:v.intr. To act as mediator in a dispute.
	arbitrate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To judge or decide in or as in the manner of an arbitrator. [verb]:v.tr.To submit to settlement or judgment by arbitration. [verb]:v.intr. [verb]:v.intr.To serve as an arbitrator or arbiter. [verb]:v.intr.To submit a dispute to arbitration.
	interfere	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To come between so as to be a hindrance or an obstacle. [verb]:v.intr.Sports To perform an act of interference. [verb]:v.intr.To intervene or intrude in the affairs of others; meddle. [verb]:v.intr.To strike one hoof against the opposite hoof or leg while moving. Used of a horse. [verb]:v.intr.Physics Electronics To cause interference.
	intervene	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To come, appear, or lie between two things. [verb]:v.intr.To come or occur between two periods or points of time. [verb]:v.intr.To occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance. [verb]:v.intr.To come in or between so as to hinder or alter an action. [verb]:v.intr.To interfere, usually through force or threat of force, in the affairs of another nation. [verb]:v.intr.Law To enter into a suit as a third party for one's own interests.
	mediate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To resolve or settle (differences) by working with all the conflicting parties. [verb]:v.tr.To bring about (a settlement, for example) by working with all the conflicting parties. [verb]:v.tr.To effect or convey as an intermediate agent or mechanism. [verb]:v.intr.To intervene between two or more disputants in order to bring about an agreement, a settlement, or a compromise. [verb]:v.intr.To settle or reconcile differences. [verb]:v.intr.To have a relation to two differing persons or things. [Adj.]:Acting through, involving, or dependent on an intervening agency. [adj.]:Being in a middle position.
	negotiate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To confer with another or others in order to come to terms or reach an agreement. [verb]:v.tr.To arrange or settle by discussion and mutual agreement. [verb]:v.tr.To transfer title to or ownership of (a promissory note, for example) to another party by delivery or by delivery and endorsement in return for value received. [verb]:v.tr.To sell or discount (assets or securities, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To succeed in going over or coping with. [verb]:v.tr.To succeed in accomplishing or managing.
	referee	英文： [n.]:One to whom something is referred, especially for settlement, decision, or an opinion as to the thing's quality. [n.]:Sports Games An official supervising the play; an umpire. [n.]:Law A person appointed by a court to make a determination of a case or to investigate and make a report on it.See Synonyms at judge [verb]:v.tr.To judge as referee. [verb]:v.intr.To act as referee.
	umpire	英文： [n.]:Sports A person appointed to rule on plays, especially in baseball. [n.]:A person appointed to settle a dispute that mediators have been unable to resolve; an arbitrator.See Synonyms at judge [verb]:v.tr.To act as referee for; rule or judge. [verb]:v.intr.To be or act as a referee or an arbitrator.
注释：①intercede：说好话，代为求情 ②intervene：干涉，介入 ③negotiate：协商，商定，议定

中途拦截，截取	intercept	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To stop, deflect, or interrupt the progress or intended course of. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To take possession of by catching (an opponent's ball), especially in football. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To include or bound (a part of a space or curve) between two points or lines. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To prevent. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To cut off from access or communication. [n.]:Mathematics The distance from the origin to the point at which a line, curve, or surface intersects a coordinate axis. [n.]:The interception of a missile by another missile or an aircraft by another aircraft. [n.]:Interception of a radio transmission. [n.]:An interceptor.
	arrest	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To stop; check. [verb]:v.tr.To seize and hold under the authority of law. [verb]:v.tr.To capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example); engage. [verb]:v.intr.To undergo cardiac arrest. [verb]:v.intr.To behave in a certain manner when taken into legal detention. [n.]:The act of detaining in legal custody. [n.]:The state of being so detained. [n.]:A device for stopping motion, especially of a moving part.
	check	英文： [n.]:An action or influence that stops motion or expression; a restraint. [n.]:The condition of being stopped or held back; restraint. [n.]:An abrupt stop in forward movement or progress; a halt. [n.]:The act or an instance of inspecting or testing, as for accuracy or quality; examination. [n.]:A standard for inspecting or evaluating; a test. [n.]:A check mark. [n.]:A ticket or slip of identification: [n.]:A bill at a restaurant or bar. [n.]:Games A chip or counter used in gambling. [n.]:Abbr. ch.,ck.A written order to a bank to pay the amount specified from funds on deposit; a draft. [n.]:A small crack; a chink. [n.]:A pattern of small squares, as on a chessboard. [n.]:One of the squares of such a pattern. [n.]:A fabric patterned with squares. [n.]:Abbr. ch Games [n.]:A move in chess that directly attacks an opponent's king but does not constitute a checkmate. [n.]:The position or condition of a king so attacked. [n.]:Sports The act of blocking or impeding an opponent in control of the puck in ice hockey, either with one's body or one's stick. [interj.]:Games Used to declare that a chess opponent's king is in check. [interj.]Informal Used to express agreement or understanding. [verb]:v.tr.To arrest the motion of abruptly; halt. [verb]:v.tr.To hold in restraint; curb.See Synonyms at restrain [verb]:v.tr.To slow the growth of; retard. [verb]:v.tr.To rebuke; rebuff. [verb]:v.tr.To inspect so as to determine accuracy, quality, or other condition; test. [verb]:v.tr.To verify by consulting a source or authority. [verb]:v.tr.To put a check mark on or next to [verb]:v.tr.To deposit for temporary safekeeping. [verb]:v.tr.To consign (luggage, for example) for shipment on a transportation vehicle [verb]:v.tr.To make cracks or chinks in. [verb]:v.tr.Games To move in chess so as to put (an opponent's king) under direct attack. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To block or impede (an opposing player with the puck) in ice hockey by using one's body or one's stick. [verb]:v.intr.To come to an abrupt halt; stop. [verb]:v.intr.To agree point for point; correspond. [verb]:v.intr.To be verified or confirmed; pass inspection. [verb]:v.intr.To make an examination or investigation; inquire. [verb]:v.intr.To write a check on a bank account. [verb]:v.intr.To undergo cracking in a pattern of checks, as paint does. [verb]:v.intr.Games To place a chess opponent's king in check. [verb]:v.intr.To pause to relocate a scent. Used of hunting dogs. [verb]:v.intr.To abandon the proper game and follow baser prey. Used of trained falcons. [verb]:v.intr.Sports To block or impede an opposing player carrying the puck in ice hockey.
	interrupt	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To break the continuity or uniformity of. [verb]:v.tr.To hinder or stop the action or discourse of (someone) by breaking in on [verb]:v.intr.To break in on an action or discourse. [n.]:Computer Science A signal to a computer that stops the execution of a running program so that another action can be performed. [n.]:Computer Science A circuit that conveys a signal stopping the execution of a running program.
	stop	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To close (an opening) by covering, filling in, or plugging up. [verb]:v.tr.To constrict (an opening or orifice). [verb]:v.tr.To obstruct or block passage on (a road, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To prevent the flow or passage of. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to halt, cease, or desist. [verb]:v.tr.To desist from; cease. [verb]:v.tr.To order a bank to withhold payment of [verb]:v.tr.To cause (a motor, for example) to cease operation or function; halt. [verb]:v.tr.Music [verb]:v.tr.To press down (a string on a stringed instrument) on the fingerboard to produce a desired pitch. [verb]:v.tr.To close (a hole on a wind instrument) with the finger in sounding a desired pitch. [verb]:v.intr.To cease moving, progressing, acting, or operating; come to a halt. [verb]:v.intr.To put an end to what one is doing; cease. [verb]:v.intr.To interrupt one's course or journey for a brief visit or stay [n.]:The act of stopping or the condition of being stopped; cessation. [n.]:A finish; an end. [n.]:A stay or visit, as one taken during a trip. [n.]:A place at which someone or something stop. [n.]:A device or means that obstructs, blocks, or plugs up. [n.]:An order given to a bank to withhold payment on a check. [n.]:A part in a machine that stops or regulates movement. [n.]:The effective aperture of a lens, controlled by a diaphragm. [n.]:A mark of punctuation, especially a period. [n.]:Music [n.]:The act of stopping a string or hole on an instrument. [n.]:A fret on a stringed instrument. [n.]:A hole on a wind instrument. [n.]:A device such as a key for closing the hole on a wind instrument. [n.]:A tuned set of pipes, as in an organ. [n.]:A knob, key, or pull that regulates such a set of pipes. [n.]:Nautical A line used for securing something temporarily [n.]:Linguistics [n.]:See  plosive [n.]:The depression between the muzzle and top of the skull of an animal, especially a dog. [n.]:Games A stopper. [n.];Architecture A projecting stone, often carved, at the end of a molding. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or being of use at the end of an operation or activity.
注释：

编织，交错	interlace	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To connect by or as if by lacing together; interweave. [verb]:v.tr.To intersperse; intermix. [verb]:v.intr.To intertwine.
	braid	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To interweave three or more strands, strips, or lengths of in a diagonally overlapping pattern. [verb]:v.tr.To create (something) by such interweaving. [verb]:v.tr.To style (the hair) by such interweaving. [verb]:v.tr.To mingle (discrete elements, for example) as if by such interweaving. [verb]:v.tr.To decorate or edge (something) with a trim of interwoven strands. [verb]:v.tr.To fasten or decorate (hair) with a band or ribbon. [verb]:v.intr.To flow, twist, or wind as if interwoven [n.]:A braided segment or length, as of hair, fabric, or fiber. [n.]:Ornamental cord or ribbon, used especially for decorating or edging fabrics. [n.]:A ribbon or band used to fasten the hair. [n.]:Slang Naval officers of high rank.
	intertwine	英文： [v.tr.intr.]:To join or become joined by twining together.
	weave	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make (cloth) by interlacing the threads of the weft and the warp on a loom. [verb]:v.tr.To interlace (threads, for example) into cloth. [verb]:v.tr.To construct by interlacing or interweaving strips or strands of material. [verb]:v.tr.To interweave or combine (elements) into a complex whole. [verb]:v.tr.To contrive (something complex or elaborate) in this way. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce (another element) into a complex whole; work in [verb]:v.tr.To spin (a web, for example). [verb]:v.tr.past tense weaved To make (a path or way) by winding in and out or from side to side. [verb]:v.intr.To engage in weaving; make cloth. [verb]:v.intr.To work at a loom. [verb]:v.intr.past tense weaved To move in and out or sway from side to side. [n.]:The pattern, method of weaving, or construction of a fabric.
注释：此四词在“纠缠，缠，绕”含义下为同义词

使混杂，混入	interlard	英文： [verb]:To insert something foreign into.
	intersperse	英文： [verb]: place at intervals in or among. [verb]: introduce one's writing or speech with certain expressions.
注释：

散布；点缀	intersperse	英文： 同上
	interlard	英文： 同上
	spread	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To open to a fuller extent or width; stretch。 [verb]:v.tr.To make wider the gap between; move farther apart. [verb]:v.tr.To distribute over a surface in a layer. [verb]:v.tr.To cover with a layer. [verb]:v.tr.To distribute widely. [verb]:v.tr.To make a wide or extensive arrangement of. [verb]:v.tr.To exhibit or display the full extent of. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to become widely seen or known; scatter or disseminate. [verb]:v.tr.To prepare (a table) for eating; set. [verb]:v.tr.To arrange (food or a meal) on a table. [verb]:v.tr.To flatten (a rivet end, for example) by pounding. [verb]:v.intr.To be extended or enlarged. [verb]:v.intr.To become distributed or widely dispersed. [verb]:v.intr.To increase in range of occurrence; become known or prevalent over a wide area. [verb]:v.intr.To be exhibited, displayed, or visible in broad or full extent. [verb]:v.intr.To become or admit of being distributed in a layer. [verb]:v.intr.To become separated; be forced farther apart. [n.]:The act of spreading. [n.]:Dissemination, as of news; diffusion. [n.]:An open area of land; an expanse. [n.]:A ranch, a farm, or an estate. [n.]:The extent or limit to which something is or can be spread; range. [n.]:A cloth covering for a bed, table, or other piece of furniture. [n.]:Informal An abundant meal laid out on a table. [n.]:A food to be spread on bread or crackers. [n.]:Two facing pages of a magazine or newspaper, often with related matter extending across the fold. [n.]:A story or advertisement running across two or more columns of a magazine or newspaper. [n.]:A difference, as between two figures or totals. [n.]:A position taken in two or more options or futures contracts in order to profit from a change in their relative prices. [n.]:The difference between the price asked and bid for a particular security.
注释：①“intersperse”同义词：interlard ②“散布，点缀”含义：spread

连锁，连串	interlock	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To unite or join closely as by hooking or dovetailing. [verb]:v.tr.To connect together (parts of a mechanism, for example) so that the motion or operation of individual parts affect each other. [verb]:v.intr.To become united or joined closely, as by hooking or dovetailing. [n.]:Computer Science A device or an instruction that coordinates two or more processes and prevents one operation from interfering with another.
	connect	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To join or fasten together. [verb]:v.tr.To associate or consider as related. [verb]:v.tr.To join to or by means of a communications circuit. [verb]:v.tr.To plug in (an electrical cord or device) to an outlet. [verb]:v.intr.To become joined or united. [verb]:v.intr.To be scheduled so as to provide continuing service, as between airplanes or buses. [verb]:v.intr.To establish a rapport or relationship; relate. [verb]:v.intr.Sports To hit or play a ball successfully.
	engage	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To obtain or contract for the services of; employ. [verb]:v.tr.To arrange for the use of; reserve. [verb]:v.tr.To pledge or promise, especially to marry. [verb]:v.tr.To attract and hold the attention of; engross. [verb]:v.tr.To win over or attract. [verb]:v.tr.To draw into; involve. [verb]:v.tr.To require the use of; occupy. [verb]:v.tr.To enter or bring into conflict with. [verb]:v.tr.To interlock or cause to interlock; mesh. [verb]:v.tr.To give or take as security. [verb]:v.intr.To involve oneself or become occupied; participate. [verb]:v.intr.To assume an obligation; agree.See Synonyms at promise [verb]:v.intr.To enter into conflict or battle. [verb]:v.intr.To become meshed or interlocked.
	join	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put or bring together so as to make continuous or form a unit [verb]:v.tr.To put or bring into close association or relationship. [verb]:v.tr.To connect (points), as with a straight line. [verb]:v.tr.To become a part or member of. [verb]:v.tr.To come into the company of. [verb]:v.tr.To participate with in an act or activity. [verb]:v.tr.To adjoin. [verb]:v.tr.To engage in; enter into. [verb]:v.intr.To come together so as to form a connection. [verb]:v.intr.To act together; form an alliance. [verb]:v.intr.To become a member of a group. [verb]:v.intr. To take part; participate. [n.]:A joint; a junction.
	link	英文： [n.]:One of the rings or loops forming a chain. [n.]:A unit in a connected series of units. [n.]:A unit in a transportation or communications system. [n.]:A connecting element; a tie or bond. [n.]:An association; a relationship. [n.]:A causal, parallel, or reciprocal relationship; a correlation. [n.]:A cuff link. [n.]:Abbr. li.A unit of length used in surveying, equal to 0.01 chain, 7.92 inches, or about 20.12 centimeters. [n.]:A rod or lever transmitting motion in a machine. [n.]:Computer Science An identifying term attached to an element in a system to facilitate connection to other identified elements. [v.tr.intr.]:To connect or become connected with or as if with a link.See Synonyms at join
	mesh	英文： [n.]:Any of the open spaces in a net or network; an interstice. [n.]:Often meshes The cords, threads, or wires surrounding these spaces. [n.]:An openwork fabric or structure; a net or network. [n.]:Often meshes Something that snares or entraps. [n.]:The engagement of gear teeth. [n.]:The state of being so engaged [verb]:v.tr.To catch in or as if in a net; ensnare. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (gear teeth) to become engaged. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to work closely together; coordinate. [verb]:v.intr.To become entangled. [verb]:v.intr.To become engaged or interlocked. [verb]:v.intr.To fit together effectively; be coordinated. [verb]:v.intr.To accord with another or each other; harmonize.
注释： “连结；调和”释义下的同义词:join, engage, connect, mesh, link

混合，掺杂	intermingle	英文： [v.tr.intr.]:To mix or become mixed together.
	mingle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mix or bring together in combination, usually without loss of individual characteristics.See Synonyms at mix [verb]:v.tr.To mix so that the components become united; merge. [verb]:v.intr.To be or become mixed or united. [verb]:v.intr.To join or take part with others.
	combine	英文： 同上
	merge	英文： 同上
	blend	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To combine or mix so that the constituent parts are indistinguishable from one another. [verb]:v.tr.To combine (varieties or grades) to obtain a mixture of a particular character, quality, or consistency. [verb]:v.intr.To form a uniform mixture; intermingle. [verb]:v.intr.To become merged into one; unite. [verb]:v.intr.To create a harmonious effect or result.See Synonyms at mix [n.]:The act of blending. [n.]:Something, such as an effect or a product, that is created by blending.See Synonyms at mixture. [n.]:Linguistics A word produced by combining parts of other words, as smog from smoke  and fog.
	mix	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To combine or blend into one mass or mixture. [verb]:v.tr.To create or form by combining ingredients. [verb]:v.tr.To add (an ingredient or element) to another. [verb]:v.tr.To combine or join. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into social contact. [verb]:v.tr.To crossbreed. [verb]:v.tr.Electronics [verb]:v.tr.To combine (two or more audio tracks or channels) to produce a composite audio recording. [verb]:v.tr.To produce (a soundtrack or recording) in this manner. [verb]:v.intr.To become mixed or blended together. [verb]:v.intr.To be capable of being blended together. [verb]:v.intr.To associate socially or get along with others. [verb]:v.intr.To be crossbred. [verb]:v.intr.To become involved. [n.]:An act of mixing. [n.]:A mixture, especially of ingredients packaged and sold commercially. [n.]:A blend of diverse elements; an amalgamation. [n.]:Electronics A recording that is produced by combining and adjusting two or more audio tracks or channels.
注释：①mingle：混合 ②区别：mingle强调mix without loss of individual characteristics，blend强调indistinguishable

相互影响	interplay	英文： [n.]:Reciprocal action and reaction; interaction. [verb]:v.intr.To act or react on each other; interact.
	interact	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To act on each other.
	interrelate	英文： [verb]:[v.tr.intr.]To place in or come into mutual relationship.
	relate	英文： [verb]:[verb]:v.tr.To narrate or tell.See Synonyms at describe [verb]:v.tr.To bring into or link in logical or natural association.See Synonyms at join [verb]:v.tr.To establish or demonstrate a connection between. [verb]:v.intr.To have connection, relation, or reference. [verb]:v.intr.To have or establish a reciprocal relationship; interact. [verb]:v.intr.To react in response, especially favorably.
注释：①“相互关联，相互影响”同义词：interrelate, relate. ②“相互影响”同义词：interplay, interact.

插入（言语，文字）	interpolate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To insert or introduce between other elements or parts. [verb]:v.tr.To insert (material) into a text. [verb]:v.tr.To insert into a conversation.See Synonyms at introduce [verb]:v.tr.To change or falsify (a text) by introducing new or incorrect material. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To estimate a value of (a function or series) between two known values. [verb]:v.intr.To make insertions or additions.
	insert	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put or set into, between, or among. Synonyms introduce [verb]:v.tr.To put or introduce into the body of something; interpolate. [verb]:v.tr.To place into an orbit, a trajectory, or a stream. [n.]:Something inserted or intended for insertion, as a picture or chart into written material.
	enter	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To come or go into. [verb]:v.tr.To penetrate; pierce. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce; insert. [verb]:v.tr.To become a participant, member, or part of; join. [verb]:v.tr.To gain admission to (a school, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To cause to become a participant, member, or part of; enroll. [verb]:v.tr.To embark on; begin. [verb]:v.tr.To make a beginning in; take up. [verb]:v.tr.To write or put in. [verb]:v.tr.To place formally on record; submit. [verb]:v.tr.To go to or occupy in order to claim possession of (land). [verb]:v.tr.To report (a ship or cargo) to customs. [verb]:v.intr.To come or go in; make an entry. [verb]:v.intr.To effect penetration. [verb]:v.intr.To become a member or participant.
	inject	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To force or drive (a fluid) into something. [verb]:v.tr.Medicine To introduce (a drug or vaccine, for example) into a body part. [verb]:v.tr.To treat by means of injection. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce into conversation or consideration. [verb]:v.tr.To place into an orbit, a trajectory, or a stream.
	introduce	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To present (someone) by name to another in order to establish an acquaintance. [verb]:v.tr.To present (a performer, for example) to the public for the first time. [verb]:v.tr.To bring forward (a plan, for example) for consideration. [verb]:v.tr.To provide (someone) with a beginning knowledge or first experience of something. [verb]:v.tr.To bring in and establish in a new place or environment. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into currency, use, or practice; originate. [verb]:v.tr.To put inside or into; insert or inject. [verb]:v.tr.To open or begin; preface.
注释：同义短语：put in, set in.

篡改	interpolate	英文： 同上
	distort	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts; misshape. [verb]:v.tr.To give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert.
	misrepresent	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give an incorrect or misleading representation of. [verb]:v.tr.To serve incorrectly or dishonestly as an official representative of.
	juggle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To keep (two or more objects) in the air at one time by alternately tossing and catching them. [verb]:v.tr.To have difficulty holding; balance insecurely. [verb]:v.tr.To keep (more than two activities, for example) in motion or progress at one time. [verb]:v.tr.To manipulate in order to deceive [verb]:v.intr.To juggle objects or perform other tricks of manual dexterity. [verb]:v.intr.To make rapid motions or manipulations. [verb]:v.intr.To use trickery; practice deception. [n.]:The act of juggling. [n.]:Trickery for a dishonest end.
	alter	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To change or make different; modify. [verb]:v.tr.To adjust (a garment) for a better fit. [verb]:v.tr.To castrate or spay (an animal, such as a cat or a dog). [verb]:v.intr.To change or become different.
	extrapolate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To infer or estimate by extending or projecting known information. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To estimate (a value of a variable outside a known range) from values within a known range by assuming that the estimated value follows logically from the known values. [verb]:v.intr.To engage in the process of extrapolating.
	falsify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To state untruthfully; misrepresent. [verb]:v.tr.To make false by altering or adding to. [verb]:v.tr.To counterfeit; forge. [verb]:v.tr.To declare or prove to be false. [verb]:v.intr.To make untrue statements; lie.
	twist	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To wind together (two or more threads, for example) so as to produce a single strand. [verb]:v.tr.To form in this manner. [verb]:v.tr.To wind or coil (vines or rope, for example) about something. [verb]:v.tr.To interlock or interlace. [verb]:v.tr.To make (one's way) in a tortuous manner. [verb]:v.tr.To turn so as to face another direction. [verb]:v.tr.To impart a spiral or coiling shape to, as by turning the ends in opposite directions. [verb]:v.tr.To turn or open by turning. [verb]:v.tr.To pull, break, or snap by turning. [verb]:v.tr.To wrench or sprain. [verb]:v.tr.To alter the normal aspect of; contort. [verb]:v.tr.To alter or distort the intended meaning of. See Synonyms at distort [verb]:v.tr.To alter or distort the mental, moral, or emotional character of [verb]:v.intr.To be or become twisted. [verb]:v.intr.To move or progress in a winding course; meander. [verb]:v.intr.To squirm; writhe. [verb]:v.intr.To rotate or revolve. [verb]:v.intr.To dance the twist. [verb]:v.intr.To move so as to face in another direction. [n.]:Something twisted or formed by twisting, especially. [n.]:A length of yarn, cord, or thread, especially a strong silk thread used mainly to bind the edges of buttonholes. [n.]:Tobacco leaves processed into the form of a rope or roll. [n.]:A loaf of bread or other bakery product made from pieces of dough twisted together. [n.]:A sliver of citrus peel twisted over or dropped into a beverage for flavoring. [n.]:The act of twisting or the condition of being twisted; a spin, twirl, or rotation. [n.]:Sports [n.]:A complete rotation of the body around its vertical axis, as in diving and gymnastics. [n.]:A spinning motion given to a ball when thrown or struck in a specific way. [n.]:The state of being twisted into a spiral; torsional stress or strain. [n.]:The degree or angle of torsional stress. [n.]:A contortion or distortion of the body, especially the face. [n.]:A distortion of meaning. [n.]:A sprain or wrench, as of an ankle. [n.]:A change in direction; a turn. [n.]:An unexpected change in a process or a departure from a pattern, often producing a distortion or perversion. [n.]:A personal inclination or eccentricity; a penchant or flaw. [n.]:A dance characterized by vigorous gyrations of the hips and arms.
	contort	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape [verb]:v.intr.To become twisted into a strained shape or expression.See Synonyms at distort
注释：①同义短语：tamper with ②“扭；曲解” 释义下的同义词：distort, twist, misrepresent, contort, falsify ③ interpolate同义词：alter, extrapolate, falsify

置于…之间；使介入，插手干涉	interpose	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To insert or introduce between parts. [verb]:v.tr.To place (oneself) between. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce or interject (a comment, for example) during discourse or a conversation.See Synonyms at introduce [verb]:v.tr.To exert (influence or authority) in order to interfere or intervene. [verb]:v.intr.To come between. [verb]:v.intr.To come between the parties in a dispute; intervene. [verb]:v.intr.To insert a remark, a question, or an argument.
	intervene	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To come, appear, or lie between two things. [verb]:v.intr.To come or occur between two periods or points of time. [verb]:v.intr.To occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance. [verb]:v.intr.To come in or between so as to hinder or alter an action, [verb]:v.intr.To interfere, usually through force or threat of force, in the affairs of another nation. [verb]:v.intr.Law To enter into a suit as a third party for one's own interests.
	inject	英文： 同上
	interject	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To insert between other elements; interpose.See Synonyms at introduce
	interfere	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To come between so as to be a hindrance or an obstacle。 [verb]:v.intr.Sports To perform an act of interference. [verb]:v.intr.To intervene or intrude in the affairs of others; meddle. [verb]:v.intr.To strike one hoof against the opposite hoof or leg while moving. Used of a horse. [verb]:v.intr.Physics Electronics To cause interference.
注释：同义短语：come in, put in, step in, throw in.

干涉，介入	intervene	英文： 同上
	interfere	英文： 同上
	interpose	英文： 同上
注释：同义短语：step in

解释，说明	interpret	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To explain the meaning of: See Synonyms explain [verb]:v.tr.To conceive the significance of; construe [verb]:v.tr.To present or conceptualize the meaning of by means of art or criticism. [verb]:v.tr.To translate orally. [verb]:v.intr.To offer an explanation. [verb]:v.intr.To serve as an interpreter for speakers of different languages.
	analyze	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To separate into parts or basic principles so as to determine the nature of the whole; examine methodically. [verb]:v.tr.Chemistry To make a chemical analysis of. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To make a mathematical analysis of. [verb]:v.tr.To psychoanalyze.
	clarify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make clear or easier to understand; elucidate. [verb]:v.tr.To clear of confusion or uncertainty. [verb]:v.tr.To make clear by removing impurities or solid matter, as by heating gently. [verb]:v.intr.To become clear.
	explain	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make plain or comprehensible. [verb]:v.tr.To define; expound. [verb]:v.tr.To offer reasons for or a cause of; justify. [verb]:v.tr.To offer reasons for the actions, beliefs, or remarks of (oneself). [verb]:v.intr.To make something plain or comprehensible.
	translate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To render in another language. [verb]:v.tr.To put into simpler terms; explain or interpret. [verb]:v.tr.To express in different words; paraphrase. [verb]:v.tr.To change from one form, function, or state to another; convert or transform. [verb]:v.tr.To express in another medium. [verb]:v.tr.To transfer from one place or condition to another. [verb]:v.tr.To forward or retransmit (a telegraphic message). [verb]:v.tr.Ecclesiastical To transfer (a bishop) to another see. [verb]:v.tr.Theology To convey to heaven without death. [verb]:v.tr.Physics To subject (a body) to translation. [verb]:v.tr.Biology To subject (messenger RNA) to translation. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To enrapture. [verb]:v.intr.To make a translation. [verb]:v.intr.To work as a translator. [verb]:v.intr.To admit of translation. [verb]:v.intr.To be changed or transformed in effect. Often used with into or to.
注释：①interpret同义词：analyze, clarify, explain, translate. ②“演绎”同义词：interpret, deduce, deduct.

演绎	interpret	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To explain the meaning of: See Synonyms explain [verb]:v.tr.To conceive the significance of; construe [verb]:v.tr.To present or conceptualize the meaning of by means of art or criticism. [verb]:v.tr.To translate orally. [verb]:v.intr.To offer an explanation. [verb]:v.intr.To serve as an interpreter for speakers of different languages.
	deduce	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reach (a conclusion) by reasoning. [verb]:v.tr.To infer from a general principle; reason deductively. [verb]:v.tr.To trace the origin or derivation of.
	deduct	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To take away (a quantity) from another; subtract. [verb]:v.tr.To derive by deduction; deduce. [verb]:v.intr.To take away a desirable part.
注释：

审问，审讯	interrogate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To examine by questioning formally or officially.See Synonyms at ask [verb]:v.tr.Computer Science To transmit a signal for setting off an appropriate response.
	cross-examine	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To question (a person) closely, especially with regard to answers or information given previously. [verb]:v.tr.Law To question (a witness already examined by the opposing side). [verb]:v.intr.To question a person closely.
	cross-question	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To question closely; cross-examine. [n.]:A question asked during cross-examination.
	examine	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To observe carefully or critically; inspect. [verb]:v.tr.To study or analyze. [verb]:v.tr.To test or check the condition or health of. [verb]:v.tr.To determine the qualifications, aptitude, or skills of by means of questions or exercises. [verb]:v.tr.To question formally, as to elicit facts or information; interrogate.
	grill	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To broil on a gridiron. [verb]:v.tr.To torture or afflict as if by broiling. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To question relentlessly; cross-examine. [verb]:v.tr.To mark or emboss with a gridiron. [n.]:A cooking surface of parallel metal bars; a gridiron. [n.]:Food cooked by broiling or grilling. [n.]:An informal restaurant or a room in a restaurant where grilled foods are served; a grillroom. [n.]:A series of marks grilled or embossed on a surface. [n.]:Variant of grille.
	question	英文： [n.]:Abbr. q.,qn.,qu.,ques.An expression of inquiry that invites or calls for a reply. [n.]:An interrogative sentence, phrase, or gesture. [n.]:A subject or point open to controversy; an issue. [n.]:A difficult matter; a problem. [n.]:A point or subject under discussion or consideration. [n.]:A proposition brought up for consideration by an assembly. [n.]:The act of bringing a proposal to vote. [n.]:Uncertainty; doubt. [verb]:v.tr.To put a question to.See Synonyms at ask [verb]:v.tr.To examine (a witness, for example) by questioning; interrogate. [verb]:v.tr.To express doubt about; dispute. [verb]:v.tr.To analyze; examine. [verb]:v.intr.To ask questions.
	quiz	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To question closely or repeatedly; interrogate. [verb]:v.tr.To test the knowledge of by posing questions.See Synonyms at ask [verb]:v.tr.Chiefly British To poke fun at; mock. [n.]:A questioning or an inquiry. [n.]:A short oral or written test. [n.]:A practical joke.
	test	英文： [n.]:A procedure for critical evaluation; a means of determining the presence, quality, or truth of something; a trial. [n.]:A series of questions, problems, or physical responses designed to determine knowledge, intelligence, or ability. [n.]:A basis for evaluation or judgment. [n.]:Chemistry [n.]:A physical or chemical change by which a substance may be detected or its properties ascertained. [n.]:A reagent used to cause or promote such a change. [n.]:A positive result obtained. [n.]:A cupel. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to a test; try. [verb]:v.tr.To determine the presence or properties of (a substance). [verb]:v.tr.To assay (metal) in a cupel. [verb]:v.intr.To undergo a test. [verb]:v.intr.To administer a test. [verb]:v.intr.To achieve a score or rating on tests. [verb]:v.intr.To exhibit a given characteristic when subjected to a test.
	hear	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To perceive (sound) by the ear. [verb]:v.tr.To learn by hearing; be told by others. [verb]:v.tr.To listen to attentively. [verb]:v.tr.To listen to in an official, professional, or formal capacity. [verb]:v.tr.To listen to and consider favorably. [verb]:v.tr.To attend or participate in. [verb]:v.intr.To be capable of perceiving sound. [verb]:v.intr.To receive news or information; learn. [verb]:v.intr.To consider, permit, or consent to something. Used only in the negative.
	try	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make an effort to do or accomplish (something); attempt. [verb]:v.tr.To taste, sample, or otherwise test in order to determine strength, effect, worth, or desirability. [verb]:v.tr.Law [verb]:v.tr.To examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process. [verb]:v.tr.To put (an accused person) on trial. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to great strain or hardship; tax. [verb]:v.tr.To melt (lard, for example) to separate out impurities; render. [verb]:v.tr.To smooth, fit, or align accurately. [verb]:v.intr.To make an effort; strive. [n.]:An attempt; an effort.
	inquest	英文： [n.]:Law [n.]:A judicial inquiry into a matter usually held before a jury, especially an inquiry into the cause of a death. [n.]:A jury making such an inquiry. [n.]:The finding based on such an inquiry. [n.]:An investigation or inquiry.See Synonyms at inquiry
注释：①“审问”同义词：interrogate, question, examine, hear, cross-question. ②“审讯”同义词：interrogate, try, inquest. ③“interrogate” 同义词：cross-examine, examine, grill, question, quiz, test.

暂时中止；打断，打扰	interrupt	英文： 同上
	hinder	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To be or get in the way of. [verb]:v.tr.To obstruct or delay the progress of. [verb]:v.intr.To interfere with action or progress.
	interfere	英文： 同上
	intrude	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put or force in inappropriately, especially without invitation, fitness, or permission。 [verb]:v.tr.Geology To thrust (molten rock) into preexisting rock. [verb]:v.intr.To come in rudely or inappropriately; enter as an improper or unwanted element.
	stop	英文： 同上
注释：同义短语：break in

横截，横断；（线条）相交	intersect	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cut across or through. [verb]:v.tr.To form an intersection with; cross [verb]:v.intr.To cut across or overlap each other [verb]:v.intr.To form an intersection; cross.
	cross	英文： [n.]:An upright post with a transverse piece near the top, on which condemned persons were executed in ancient times. [n.]:Often Cross The upright post with a transverse piece upon which Jesus was crucified. [n.]:A symbolic representation of the structure on which Jesus was crucified. [n.]:A crucifix. [n.]:A sign made by tracing the outline of a cross with the right hand upon the forehead and chest as a devotional act. [n.]:A trial, affliction, or frustration.See Synonyms at burden [n.]:A medal, emblem, or insignia in the form of an upright post with a transverse piece near the top of it, or a modification thereto. [n.]:A mark or pattern formed by the intersection of two lines, especially such a mark (X) used as a signature. [n.]:A pipe fitting with four branches in upright and transverse form, used as a junction for intersecting pipes. [n.]:Biology [n.]:A plant or animal produced by crossbreeding; a hybrid. [n.]:The process of crossbreeding; hybridization. [n.]:One that combines the qualities of two other thing. [n.]:Slang A contest whose outcome has been dishonestly prearranged. [verb]:v.tr.To go or extend across; pass from one side of to the other. [verb]:v.tr.To carry or conduct across something. [verb]:v.tr.To extend or pass through or over; intersect. [verb]:v.tr.To delete or eliminate by or as if by drawing a line through. [verb]:v.tr.To make or put a line across. [verb]:v.tr.To place crosswise one over the other. [verb]:v.tr.To make the sign of the cross upon or over as a sign of devotion. [verb]:v.tr.To encounter in passing. [verb]:v.tr.Informal [verb]:v.tr.To interfere with; thwart or obstruct. [verb]:v.tr.To ruin completely. Used with up. [verb]:v.tr.Biology To crossbreed or cross-fertilize (plants or animals). [verb]:v.intr.To lie or pass across each other; intersect. [verb]:v.intr.To move or extend from one side to another. [verb]:v.intr.To make a crossing. [verb]:v.intr.To change from one condition or loyalty to another. Used with over.   [verb]:v.intr.To meet in or as if in passing. [verb]:v.intr.Biology To crossbreed or cross-fertilize. [adj.]:Lying or passing crosswise; intersecting. [adj.]Contrary or counter; opposing. [adj.]Showing ill humor; annoyed. [adj.]Involving interchange; reciprocal. [adj.]Crossbred; hybrid. [adv.]:Crosswise. [prep.]:Across.
注释：

交织	interweave	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To weave together. [verb]:v.tr.To blend together; intermix. [verb]:v.intr.To intertwine.
	weave	英文： 同上
	mingle	英文： 同上
注释：

暗示	intimate	英文： [adj.]:Marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity.See Synonyms at familiar [adj.]:Relating to or indicative of one's deepest nature. [adj.]:Essential; innermost. [adj.]:Marked by informality and privacy. [adj.]:Very personal; private. [adj.]:Of or involved in a sexual relationship. [n.]:A close friend or confidant. [verb]:v.tr.To make known subtly and indirectly; hint.See Synonyms at suggest [verb]:v.tr.To announce; proclaim.
	hint	英文： [n.]:A slight indication or intimation. [n.]:A brief or indirect suggestion; a tip. [n.]:A statement conveying information in an indirect fashion; a clue. [n.]:A barely perceptible amount. [n.]:Archaic An occasion; an opportunity. [verb]:v.tr.To indicate or make known in an indirect manner. [verb]:v.intr.To give a hint.
	suggest	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To offer for consideration or action; propose. [verb]:v.tr.To bring or call to mind by logic or association; evoke. [verb]:v.tr.To make evident indirectly; intimate or imply. [verb]:v.tr.To serve as or provide a motive for; prompt or demand.
	insinuate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To introduce or otherwise convey (a thought, for example) gradually and insidiously.See Synonyms at suggest [verb]:v.tr.To introduce or insert (oneself) by subtle and artful means. [verb]:v.intr.To make insinuations.
	imply	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To involve by logical necessity; entail. [verb]:v.tr.To express or indicate indirectly. See Synonyms at suggest. See Usage Note at infer [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To entangle.
	allude	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To make an indirect reference.
注释：①intimate: a.亲密的；n.密友；v.暗示 ②intimate同义词：close, familiar, hint, imply, indicate, innermost, insinuate, private, secret, suggest. ③“暗示”同义词：hint, suggest, intimate, insinuate, imply, allude. ④同义短语：drop a hint

恐吓，胁迫	intimidate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make timid; fill with fear. [verb]:v.tr.To coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats.
	browbeat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or domineering speech; bully.See Synonyms at intimidate
	bully	英文： [n.]:A person who is habitually cruel or overbearing, especially to smaller or weaker people. [n.]:A hired ruffian; a thug. [n.]:A pimp. [n.]:Archaic A fine person. [n.]:Archaic A sweetheart. [verb]:v.tr.To treat in an overbearing or intimidating manner.See Synonyms at intimidate [verb]:v.tr.To make (one's way) aggressively. [verb]:v.intr.To behave like a bully. [verb]:v.intr.To force one's way aggressively or by intimidation. [adj.]:Excellent; splendid. [interj.]:Used to express approval. [n.]:Canned or pickled beef.Also called  bully beef
	cow	英文： [n.]:The mature female of cattle of the genus Bos.   [n.]:The mature female of other large animals, such as whales, elephants, or moose. [n.]:A domesticated bovine of either sex or any age. [verb]:v.tr.To frighten with threats or a show of force.See Synonyms at intimidate
	frighten	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To fill with fear; alarm. [verb]:v.tr.To drive or force by arousing fear. [verb]:v.intr.To become afraid.
	harass	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To irritate or torment persistently. [verb]:v.tr.To wear out; exhaust. [verb]:v.tr.To impede and exhaust (an enemy) by repeated attacks or raids.
	menace	英文： [n.]:A possible danger; a threat. [n.]:The act of threatening. [n.]:A troublesome or annoying person. [verb]:v.tr.To utter threats against. [verb]:v.tr.To constitute a threat to; endanger.See Synonyms at threaten [verb]:v.intr.To make threats.
	terrorize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To fill or overpower with terror; terrify. [verb]:v.tr.To coerce by intimidation or fear.See Synonyms at frighten
	threaten	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To express a threat against. [verb]:v.tr.To be a source of danger to; menace. [verb]:v.tr.To give signs or warning of; portend. [verb]:v.tr.To announce the possibility of in a threat. [verb]:v.intr.To express or use threats. [verb]:v.intr.To indicate danger or harm.
	panic	英文： [n.]:A sudden, overpowering terror, often affecting many people at once.See Synonyms at fear [n.]:A sudden widespread alarm concerning finances, often resulting in a rush to sell property. [n.]:Slang One that is uproariously funny. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or resulting from sudden, overwhelming terror. [adj.]:Of or resulting from a financial panic. [adj.]:Often Panic Mythology Of or relating to Pan. [v.tr.intr.]:To affect or be affected with panic.See Synonyms at frighten
	awe	英文： [n.]:A mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might [n.]:Archaic [n.]:The power to inspire dread. [n.]:Dread. [verb]:v.tr.To inspire with awe.
	coerce	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure, threats, or intimidation; compel. [verb]:v.tr.To dominate, restrain, or control forcibly. See Synonyms at force [verb]:v.tr.To bring about by force or threat.
	compel	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To force, drive, or constrain. [verb]:v.tr.To necessitate or pressure by force; exact. See Synonyms at force [verb]:v.tr.To exert a strong, irresistible force on; sway.
	force	英文： [n.]:The capacity to do work or cause physical change; energy, strength, or active power. [n.]:Power made operative against resistance; exertion. [n.]:The use of physical power or violence to compel or restrain. [n.]:Intellectual power or vigor, especially as conveyed in writing or speech. [n.]:Moral strength. [n.]:A capacity for affecting the mind or behavior; efficacy. [n.]:One that possesses such capacity. [n.]:A body of persons or other resources organized or available for a certain purpose. [n.]:A person or group capable of influential action. [n.]:Military strength. [n.]:The entire military strength, as of a nation. [n.]:Units of a nation's military personnel, especially those deployed into combat. [n.]:Law Legal validity. [n.]:Physics A vector quantity that tends to produce an acceleration of a body in the direction of its application. [verb]:v.tr.To compel through pressure or necessity. [verb]:v.tr.To gain by the use of force or coercion. [verb]:v.tr.To move or effect against resistance or inertia. [verb]:v.tr.To inflict or impose relentlessly. [verb]:v.tr.To put undue strain on. [verb]:v.tr.To increase or accelerate (a pace, for example) to the maximum. [verb]:v.tr.To produce with effort and against one's will. [verb]:v.tr.To use (language) with obvious lack of ease and naturalness. [verb]:v.tr.To move, open, or clear by force. [verb]:v.tr.To break down or open by force: [verb]:v.tr.To rape. [verb]:v.tr.Botany To cause to grow or mature by artificially accelerating normal processes. [verb]:v.tr.Baseball [verb]:v.tr.To put (a runner) out on a force play. [verb]:v.tr.To allow (a run) to be scored by walking a batter when the bases are loaded. [verb]:v.tr.Games To cause an opponent to play (a particular card).
注释：①“intimidate” 同义词：browbeat, bully, cow, frighten, harass, menace, terrorize, threaten. ②“恐吓”同义词：threaten, intimidate, menace, panic, awe. ③“胁迫”同义词：coerce, compel, force.

（使）沉醉，（使）欣喜若狂；（使）喝醉	intoxicate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To stupefy or excite, as by the action of a chemical substance such as alcohol. [verb]:v.tr.To stimulate or excite. [verb]:v.tr.To poison. [verb]:v.intr.To cause stupefaction, stimulation, or excitement by or as if by use of a chemical substance.
	elate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make proud or joyful. [adj.]:Elated.
	inebriate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make drunk; intoxicate. [verb]:v.tr.To exhilarate or stupefy as if with alcohol. [adj.]:Intoxicated. [n.]:An intoxicated person.
	soak	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by placing in liquid. [verb]:v.tr.To immerse in liquid for a period of time. [verb]:v.tr.To absorb (liquid, for example) through or as if through pores or interstices. [verb]:v.tr.To remove (a stain, for example) by continued immersion. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To take in or accept mentally, especially eagerly and easily. [verb]:v.tr.Informal [verb]:v.tr.To drink (alcoholic liquor), especially to excess. [verb]:v.tr.To make (a person) drunk. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To overcharge (a person). [verb]:v.intr.To be immersed until thoroughly saturated. [verb]:v.intr.To penetrate or permeate; seep. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To drink to excess. [n.]:The act or process of soaking. [n.]:The condition of being soaked. [n.]:Liquid in which something may be soaked. [n.]:Slang A drunkard.
	uplift	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To raise; elevate. [verb]:v.tr.To raise to a higher social, intellectual, or moral level or condition. [verb]:v.tr.To raise to spiritual or emotional heights; exalt. [adj.]:Uplifted. [n.]:The act, process, or result of raising or lifting up. [n.]:An effort or a movement to improve social, moral, or intellectual standards. [n.]:Geology An upheaval.
注释：同义短语：lift up, pick up

密谋；引起…的兴趣	intrigue	英文： [n.]:A secret or underhand scheme; a plot. [n.]:The practice of or involvement in such schemes.See Synonyms at conspiracy [n.]:A clandestine love affair. [verb]:v.intr.To engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot. [verb]:v.tr.To effect by secret scheming or plotting. [verb]:v.tr.To arouse the interest or curiosity of.
	scheme	英文： [n.]:A systematic plan of action. [n.]:A secret or devious plan; a plot.See Synonyms at plan [n.]:An impractical or unrealistic plan. [n.]:An orderly combination of related parts. [n.]:A chart, a diagram, or an outline of a system or an object. [verb]:v.tr.To plot. [verb]:v.tr.To contrive a plan or scheme for. [verb]:v.intr.To make plans, especially secret or devious ones.
	conspire	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To plan together secretly to commit an illegal or wrongful act or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal action. [verb]:v.intr.To join or act together; combine. [verb]:v.tr.To plan or plot secretly.
	plot	英文： [n.]:A small piece of ground, generally used for a specific purpose. [n.]:A measured area of land; a lot. [n.]:A ground plan, as for a building; a diagram. [n.]:See  graph [n.]:The plan of events or main story in a narrative or drama. [n.]:A secret plan to accomplish a hostile or illegal purpose; a scheme.See Synonyms at conspiracy [verb]:v.tr.To represent graphically, as on a chart. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics [verb]:v.tr.To locate (points or other figures) on a graph by means of coordinates. [verb]:v.tr.To draw (a curve) connecting points on a graph. [verb]:v.tr.To conceive and arrange the action and incidents of. [verb]:v.tr.To form a plot for; prearrange secretly or deviously. [verb]:v.intr.To be located by means of coordinates, as on a chart or with data. [verb]:v.intr.To form or take part in a plot; scheme.
	romance	英文： [n.]:A love affair. [n.]:Ardent emotional attachment or involvement between people, especially that characterized by a high level of purity and devotion; love. [n.]:A strong, sometimes short-lived attachment, fascination, or enthusiasm for something. [n.]:A mysterious or fascinating quality or appeal, as of something adventurous, heroic, or strangely beautiful. [n.]:A long medieval narrative in prose or verse that tells of the adventures and heroic exploits of chivalric heroes. [n.]:A long, fictitious tale of heroes and extraordinary or mysterious events. [n.]:The class of literature constituted by such tales. [n.]:An artistic work, such as a novel, story, or film, that deals with sexual love, especially in an idealized form. [n.]:The class or style of such works. [n.]:A fictitiously embellished account or explanation. [n.]:Music A lyrical, tender, usually sentimental song or short instrumental piece. [n.]:Romance The Romance languages. [adj.]:Abbr. Rom.Of, relating to, or being any of the languages that developed from Latin, the principal ones being Italian, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. Other such languages are Catalan, Provençal, Rhaeto-Romanic, Sardinian, and Ladino. [verb]:v.intr.To invent, write, or tell romances. [verb]:v.intr.To think or behave in a romantic manner. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To make love to; court or woo. [verb]:v.tr.To have a love affair with.
注释：①“密谋” 同义词：scheme, conspire, plot ②“intrigue”同义词：amour, conspiracy, plot, romance, scheme. ③同义短语：love affair

把（思想等）强加入；闯入	intrude	英文： 同上
	encroach	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To take another's possessions or rights gradually or stealthily. [verb]:v.intr.To advance beyond proper or former limits.
	infringe	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To transgress or exceed the limits of; violate. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To defeat; invalidate. [verb]:v.intr.To encroach on someone or something; engage in trespassing.
	interfere	英文： 同上
	meddle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To intrude into other people's affairs or business; interfere.See Synonyms at interfere [verb]:v.intr.To handle something idly or ignorantly; tamper.
	overstep	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To go beyond (a limit); exceed.
	trespass	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err. [verb]:v.intr.Law To commit an unlawful injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully. [verb]:v.intr.To infringe on the privacy, time, or attention of another: [n.]:Transgression of a moral or social law, code, or duty. [n.]:Law [n.]:The act of trespassing. [n.]:A suit brought for trespassing. [n.]:An intrusion or infringement on another.See Synonyms at breach.
注释：

淹没	inundate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cover with water, especially floodwaters. [verb]:v.tr.To overwhelm as if with a flood; swamp.
	flood	英文： [n.]:An overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. [n.]:A flood tide. [n.]:An abundant flow or outpouring. See Synonyms at flow [n.]:A floodlight, specifically a unit that produces a beam of intense light. [n.]:Flood The universal deluge recorded in the Old Testament as having occurred during the life of Noah. Often used with the.   [verb]:v.tr.To cover or submerge with or as if with a flood; inundate. [verb]:v.tr.To fill with an abundance or an excess. [verb]:v.intr.To become inundated or submerged. [verb]:v.intr.To pour forth; overflow.
	submerge	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To place under water.See Synonyms at dip [verb]:v.tr.To cover with water; inundate. [verb]:v.tr.To hide from view; obscure. [verb]:v.intr.To go under or as if under water.
	cascade	英文： [n.]:A waterfall or a series of small waterfalls over steep rocks. [n.]:Something, such as lace, thought to resemble a waterfall or series of small waterfalls, especially an arrangement or fall of material. [n.]:A succession of stages, processes, operations, or units. [n.]:Electronics A series of components or networks, the output of each of which serves as the input for the next. [v.intr.tr.]:To fall or cause to fall in or as if in a cascade.
	drench	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To wet through and through; soak. [verb]:v.tr.To administer a large oral dose of liquid medicine to (an animal). [verb]:v.tr.To provide with something in great abundance; surfeit. [n.]:The act of wetting or becoming wet through and through. [n.]:A large dose of liquid medicine, especially one administered to an animal by pouring down the throat.
注释：①“inundate”同义词：cascade, deluge, drench, flood, overflow. ②同义短语：run over ③“淹没”同义词：flood, submerge ④“泛滥”同义词：inundate, overflow, spread, unchecked, deluge, overrun, spate.

泛滥	inundate	英文： 同上
	overflow	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To flow or run over the top, brim, or banks. [verb]:v.intr.To be filled beyond capacity, as a container or waterway. [verb]:v.intr.To have a boundless supply; be superabundant.See Synonyms at teem [verb]:v.tr.To flow over the top, brim, or banks of. [verb]:v.tr.To spread or cover over; flood. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to fill beyond capacity. [n.]:The act of overflowing. [n.]:Something that flows over; an excess. [n.]:An outlet or a vent through which excess liquid may escape. [n.]:Computer Science A condition in which a calculation produces a unit of data too large to be stored in the location allotted to it.
	spread	英文： 同上
	deluge	英文： [n.]:A great flood. [n.]:A heavy downpour. [n.]:Something that overwhelms as if by a great flood. [n.]:Deluge Bible In the Old Testament, the great flood that occurred in the time of Noah. [verb]:v.tr.To overrun with water; inundate. [verb]:v.tr.To overwhelm with a large number or amount; swamp.
	overrun	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To seize the positions of and defeat conclusively. [verb]:v.tr.To spread or swarm over destructively. [verb]:v.tr.To spread swiftly throughout. [verb]:v.tr.To overflow. [verb]:v.tr.To run beyond or past; overshoot. [verb]:v.tr.To run or extend beyond a limit set by; exceed. [verb]:v.tr.Printing [verb]:v.tr.To rearrange or move (set type or pictures) from one column, line, or page to another. [verb]:v.tr.To set too much type for. [verb]:v.tr.To print (a job order) in a quantity larger than that ordered. [verb]:v.intr.To run over; overflow. [verb]:v.intr.To go beyond the normal or desired limit. [n.]:An act of overrunning. [n.]:The amount by which something overruns. [n.]:The exceeding of estimated costs for product development and manufacture covered by contract. [n.]:The amount by which actual costs exceed estimates. [n.]:Printing A run over and above the quantity ordered by a customer.
注释：

侵犯，侵入	invade	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To enter by force in order to conquer or pillage. [verb]:v.tr.To encroach or intrude on; violate. [verb]:v.tr.To overrun as if by invading; infest. [verb]:v.tr.To enter and permeate, especially harmfully. [verb]:v.intr.To make an invasion.
	attack	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To set upon with violent force. [verb]:v.tr.To criticize strongly or in a hostile manner. [verb]:v.tr.To start work on with purpose and vigor. [verb]:v.tr.To begin to affect harmfully. [verb]:v.intr.To make an attack; launch an assault. [n.]:The act or an instance of attacking; an assault. [n.]:An expression of strong criticism; hostile comment. [n.]:Sports [n.]:An offensive action in a sport or game. [n.]:The players executing such an action. [n.]:The initial movement in a task or undertaking. [n.]:An episode or onset of a disease, especially an occurrence of a chronic disease. [n.]:The experience or beginning of a feeling, need, or desire. [n.]:Music The beginning or manner of beginning a piece, passage, or tone. [n.]:Decisiveness and clarity in artistic expression.
	encroach	英文： 同上
	infringe	英文： 同上
	intrude	英文： 同上
	overrun	英文： 同上
	raid	英文： [n.]:A surprise attack by a small armed force. [n.]:Sudden, forcible entry into a place by police. [n.]:An entrance into another's territory for the purpose of seizing goods or valuables. [n.]:A predatory operation mounted against a competitor, especially an attempt to lure away the personnel or membership of a competing organization. [n.]:An attempt to seize control of a company, as by acquiring a majority of its stock. [n.]:An attempt by speculators to drive stock prices down by coordinated selling. [verb]:v.tr.To make a raid on. [verb]:v.intr.To conduct a raid or participate in one.
	trespass	英文： 同上
注释：

使无效	invalidate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make invalid; nullify.
	paralyze	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To affect with paralysis; cause to be paralytic. [verb]:v.tr.To make unable to move or act. [verb]:v.tr.To impair the progress or functioning of; make inoperative or powerless.
	negate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make ineffective or invalid; nullify.See Synonyms at neutralize [verb]:v.tr.To rule out; deny.See Synonyms at deny [verb]:v.tr.Computer Science To perform the machine logic operation NOT gate.
	annul	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make or declare void or invalid, as a marriage or a law; nullify. [verb]:v.tr.To obliterate the effect or existence of.
	avoid	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To stay clear of; shun.See Synonyms at escape [verb]:v.tr.To keep from happening. [verb]:v.tr.Law To annul or make void; invalidate. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To void or expel.
	cancel	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cross out with lines or other markings.See Synonyms at erase [verb]:v.tr.To annul or invalidate. [verb]:v.tr.To mark or perforate (a postage stamp or check, for example) to indicate that it may not be used again. [verb]:v.tr.To equalize or make up for; offset. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics [verb]:v.tr.To remove (a common factor) from the numerator and denominator of a fractional expression. [verb]:v.tr.To remove (a common factor or term) from both sides of an equation or inequality. [verb]:v.tr.Printing To omit or delete. [verb]:v.intr.To neutralize one another; counterbalance: [n.]:The act or an instance of canceling; a cancellation. [n.]:Printing [n.]:Deletion of typed or printed matter. [n.]:The matter deleted. [n.]:A replacement for deleted matter.
	nullify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make null; invalidate. [verb]:v.tr.To counteract the force or effectiveness of.See Synonyms at neutralize
	quash	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To set aside or annul, especially by judicial action. [verb]:v.tr.To put down or suppress forcibly and completely.
	vitiate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reduce the value or impair the quality of. [verb]:v.tr.To corrupt morally; debase. [verb]:v.tr.To make ineffective; invalidate.See Synonyms at corrupt
	void	英文： [adj.]:Containing no matter; empty. [adj.]:Not occupied; unfilled. [adj.]:Completely lacking; devoid .See Synonyms at empty [adj.]:Ineffective; useless. [adj.]:Having no legal force or validity; null. [adj.]:Games Lacking cards of a particular suit in a dealt hand. [n.]:An empty space. [n.]:A vacuum. [n.]:An open space or a break in continuity; a gap. [n.]:A feeling or state of emptiness, loneliness, or loss. [n.]:Games Absence of cards of a particular suit in a dealt hand. [verb]:v.tr.To take out (the contents of something); empty. [verb]:v.tr.To excrete (body wastes). [verb]:v.tr.To leave; vacate. [verb]:v.tr.To make void or of no validity; invalidate. [verb]:v.intr.To excrete body wastes.
注释：①invalidate：使无效，使作废 ②paralyze：使瘫痪；使无效 ③negate：取消，使无效；否认 ④“invalidate”同义词：annul, avoid, cancel, nullify, quash, vitiate, void.

痛骂，抨击	inveigh	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To give vent to angry disapproval; protest vehemently.
注释：

诱骗，诱使	inveigle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk.See Synonyms at lure [verb]:v.tr.To obtain by cajolery.
	cajole	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle.
	coax	英文： [verb]:.tr.To persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery; cajole. [verb]:.tr.To obtain by persistent persuasion. [verb]:.tr.Obsolete To caress; fondle. [verb]:v.intr.To use persuasion or inducement. [n.]:Informal A coaxial cable.
	palaver	英文： [n.]:Idle chatter. [n.]:Talk intended to charm or beguile. [n.]:Obsolete A parley between European explorers and representatives of local populations, especially in Africa. [verb]:v.tr.To flatter or cajole. [verb]:v.intr.To chatter idly.
	sweet-talk	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To coax or cajole with flattery. [verb]:v.intr.To use flattery.
	wheedle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile; cajole. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain through the use of flattery or guile. [verb]:v.intr.To use flattery or cajolery to achieve one's ends.
注释：

调查	investigate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically. [verb]:v.intr.To make a detailed inquiry or systematic examination.
	examine	英文： 同上
	explore	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To investigate systematically; examine. [verb]:v.tr.To search into or travel in for the purpose of discovery. [verb]:v.tr.Medicine To examine for diagnostic purposes. [verb]:v.intr.To make a careful examination or search.
	inspect	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To examine carefully and critically, especially for flaws. [verb]:v.tr.To review or examine officially.
	probe	英文： [n.]:An exploratory action, expedition, or device, especially one designed to investigate and obtain information on a remote or unknown region. [n.]:A slender, flexible surgical instrument used to explore a wound or body cavity. [n.]:The act of exploring or searching with or as if with a device or an instrument. [n.]:An investigation into unfamiliar matters or questionable activities; a penetrating inquiry .See Synonyms at inquiry [n.]:A space probe. [verb]:v.tr.To explore with or as if with a probe. [verb]:v.tr.To delve into; investigate. [verb]:v.intr.To conduct an exploratory investigation; search.
	review	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To look over, study, or examine again. [verb]:v.tr.To consider retrospectively; look back on. [verb]:v.tr.To examine with an eye to criticism or correction. [verb]:v.tr.To write or give a critical report on (a new work or performance, for example). [verb]:v.tr.Law To reexamine (an action or a determination) judicially, especially in a higher court, in order to correct possible errors. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to a formal inspection, especially a military inspection. [verb]:v.intr.To go over or restudy material. [verb]:v.intr.To write critical reviews, especially for a newspaper or magazine. [n.]:Abbr. rev.A reexamination or reconsideration. [n.]:A retrospective view or survey. [n.]:A restudying of subject matter. [n.]:An exercise for use in restudying material. [n.]:An inspection or examination for the purpose of evaluation. [n.]:A report or an essay giving a critical estimate of a work or performance. [n.]:A periodical devoted to articles and essays on current affairs, literature, or art. [n.]:A formal military inspection. [n.]:A formal military ceremony held in honor of a person or an occasion. [n.]:Law A judicial reexamination, especially by a higher court, of an action or a determination. [n.]:A musical show consisting of often satirical skits, songs, and dances; a revue.
	scrutinize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To examine or observe with great care; inspect critically.
	search	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make a thorough examination of; look over carefully in order to find something; explore.See Synonyms at seek [verb]:v.tr.To make a careful examination or investigation of; probe. [verb]:v.tr.Law To make a thorough check of (a legal document); scrutinize. [verb]:v.tr.To examine in order to find something lost or concealed. [verb]:v.tr.To examine the person or personal effects of in order to find something lost or concealed. [verb]:v.tr.To come to know; learn. [verb]:v.intr.To conduct a thorough investigation; seek. [n.]:An act of searching. [n.]:Law The exercise of right of search.
	study	英文： [n.]:The act or process of studying. [n.]:The pursuit of knowledge, as by reading, observation, or research. [n.]:Attentive scrutiny. [n.]:A branch of knowledge. [n.]:studies A branch or department of learning. [n.]:A work, such as a thesis, that results from studious endeavor. [n.]:A literary work on a particular subject. [n.]:A preliminary sketch, as for a work of art or literature. [n.]:Music A composition intended as a technical exercise. [n.]:A state of mental absorption. [n.]:A room intended or equipped for studying or writing. [n.]:One who memorizes something, especially a performer with reference to his or her ability to memorize a part. [n.]:Memorization of a part in a play. [verb]:v.tr.To apply one's mind purposefully to the acquisition of knowledge or understanding of (a subject). [verb]:v.tr.To read carefully. [verb]:v.tr.To memorize. [verb]:v.tr.To take (a course) at a school. [verb]:v.tr.To inquire into; investigate. [verb]:v.tr.To examine closely; scrutinize. [verb]:v.tr.To give careful thought to; contemplate. [verb]:v.intr.To apply oneself to learning, especially by reading. [verb]:v.intr.To pursue a course of study. [verb]:v.intr.To ponder; reflect.
	survey	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To examine or look at in a comprehensive way. [verb]:v.tr.To inspect carefully; scrutinize. See Synonyms at see [verb]:v.tr.To determine the boundaries, area, or elevations of (land or structures on the earth's surface) by means of measuring angles and distances, using the techniques of geometry and trigonometry. [verb]:v.tr.Chiefly British To inspect and determine the structural condition of (a building). [verb]:v.tr.To conduct a statistical survey on. [verb]:v.tr.To range one's gaze leisurely over. [verb]:v.intr.To make a survey. [n.]:A detailed inspection or investigation. [n.]:A general or comprehensive view. [n.]:The process of surveying. [n.]:A report on or map of what has been surveyed.
注释：①“调查”同义词：investigate, survey ②同义短语：inquire into, look into

鼓舞，激励，使精力充沛，使充满活力	invigorate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To impart vigor, strength, or vitality to; animate.
	animate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give life to; fill with life. [verb]:v.tr.To impart interest or zest to; enliven. [verb]:v.tr.To fill with spirit, courage, or resolution; encourage.See Synonyms at encourage [verb]:v.tr.To inspire to action; prompt. [verb]:v.tr.To impart motion or activity to. [verb]:v.tr.To make, design, or produce (a cartoon, for example) so as to create the illusion of motion. [adj.]:Possessing life; living.See Synonyms at living [adj.]:Of or relating to animal life as distinct from plant life. [adj.]:Belonging to the class of nouns that stand for living things.
	enliven	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make lively or spirited; animate.
	exalt	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To raise in rank, character, or status; elevate. [verb]:v.tr.To glorify, praise, or honor. [verb]:v.tr.To increase the effect or intensity of; heighten. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To fill with sublime emotion; elate.
	inspire	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To affect, guide, or arouse by divine influence. [verb]:v.tr.To fill with enlivening or exalting emotion. [verb]:v.tr.To stimulate to action; motivate. [verb]:v.tr.To affect or touch. [verb]:v.tr.To draw forth; elicit or arouse. [verb]:v.tr.To be the cause or source of; bring about. [verb]:v.tr.To draw in (air) by inhaling. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic [verb]:v.tr.To breathe on. [verb]:v.tr.To breathe life into. [verb]:v.intr.To stimulate energies, ideals, or reverence. [verb]:v.intr.To inhale.
	liven	英文： [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become more lively.
	quicken	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make more rapid; accelerate. [verb]:v.tr.To make alive; vitalize. [verb]:v.tr.To excite and stimulate; stir. [verb]:v.tr.To make steeper. [verb]:v.intr.To become more rapid.See Synonyms at speed [verb]:v.intr.To come or return to life. [verb]:v.intr.To reach the stage of pregnancy when the fetus can be felt to move.
	reinvigorate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give new life or energy to.
	encourage	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; hearten. [verb]:v.tr.To give support to; foster. [verb]:v.tr.To stimulate; spur.
	motivate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To provide with an incentive; move to action; impel.
注释：①同义短语：liven up ②“鼓舞，激励，使精力充沛，使充满活力”同义词：inspire, motivate.

给开发票	invoice	英文： [n.]:Abbr. inv.A detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs; an itemized bill. [n.]:The goods or services itemized in an invoice. [verb]:v.tr.To make an invoice of (goods or services). [verb]:v.tr.To send an invoice to; bill.
	account	英文： [n.]:A narrative or record of events. [n.]:A reason given for a particular action. [n.]:Abbr. a/c,acct. [n.]:A formal banking, brokerage, or business relationship established to provide for regular services, dealings, and other financial transactions. [n.]:A precise list or enumeration of financial transactions. [n.]:Money deposited for checking, savings, or brokerage use. [n.]:A customer having a business or credit relationship with a firm. [n.]:Worth, standing, or importance. [n.]:Profit or advantage. [verb]:v.tr.To consider as being; deem.See Synonyms at consider. See Usage Note at as.
	bill	英文： [n.]:An itemized list or statement of fees or charges. [n.]:A statement or list of particulars, such as a theater program or menu. [n.]:The entertainment offered by a theater. [n.]:A public notice, such as an advertising poster. [n.]:A piece of legal paper money. [n.]:Slang One hundred dollars. [n.]:A bill of exchange. [n.]:Obsolete A promissory note. [n.]:A draft of a proposed law presented for approval to a legislative body. [n.]:The law enacted from such a draft. [n.]:Law A document presented to a court and containing a formal statement of a case, complaint, or petition. [verb]:v.tr.To present a statement of costs or charges to. [verb]:v.tr.To enter on a statement of costs or on a particularized list. [verb]:v.tr.To advertise or schedule by public notice or as part of a program. [verb]:v.tr.To declare or describe officially; proclaim. [n.]:The horny part of the jaws of a bird; a beak. [n.]:A beaklike mouth part, such as that of a turtle. [n.]:The visor of a cap. [n.]:Nautical The tip of the fluke of an anchor. [verb]:v.intr.To touch beaks together. [n.]:A billhook. [n.]:A halberd or similar weapon with a hooked blade and a long handle.
注释：①invoice：n.发票，发货清单；v.给开发票

祈求，恳求；（法律的）实施生效	invoke	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To call on (a higher power) for assistance, support, or inspiration. [verb]:v.tr.To appeal to or cite in support or justification. [verb]:v.tr.To call for earnestly; solicit. [verb]:v.tr.To summon with incantations; conjure. [verb]:v.tr.To resort to; use or apply.
	appeal	英文： [n.]:An earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication. [n.]:A resort or application to a higher authority, as for sanction, corroboration, or a decision. [n.]:Law [n.]:The transfer of a case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing. [n.]:A case so transferred. [n.]:A request for a new hearing. [n.]:The power of attracting or of arousing interest. [verb]:v.intr.To make an earnest or urgent request, as for help. [verb]:v.intr.To have recourse, as for corroboration; resort. [verb]:v.intr.Law To make or apply for an appeal. [verb]:v.intr.To be attractive or interesting. [verb]:v.tr.Law To transfer or apply to transfer (a case) to a higher court for rehearing.
	beg	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ask for as charity. [verb]:v.tr.To ask earnestly for or of; entreat. [verb]:v.tr.To evade; dodge. [verb]:v.tr.To take for granted without proof [verb]:v.intr.To solicit alms. [verb]:v.intr.To make a humble or urgent plea.
	beseech	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To address an earnest or urgent request to; implore. [verb]:v.tr.To request earnestly; beg for.
	entreat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make an earnest request of. [verb]:v.tr.To ask for earnestly; petition for. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To deal with; treat. [verb]:v.intr.To make an earnest request or petition; plead.See Synonyms at beg
	implore	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To appeal to in supplication; beseech. [verb]:v.tr.To beg for urgently; entreat. [verb]:v.intr.To make an earnest appeal.See Synonyms at beg
	plead	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To appeal earnestly; beg. [verb]:v.intr.To offer reasons for or against something; argue earnestly. [verb]:v.intr.To provide an argument or appeal. [verb]:v.intr.Law [verb]:v.intr.To put forward a plea of a specific nature in court. [verb]:v.intr.To make or answer an allegation in a legal proceeding. [verb]:v.intr.To address a court as a lawyer or an advocate. [verb]:v.tr.To assert as defense, vindication, or excuse; claim as a plea. [verb]:v.tr.Law [verb]:v.tr.To present as an answer to a charge, an indictment, or a declaration made against one. [verb]:v.tr.To argue or present (a case) in a court or similar tribunal.
	pray	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To utter or address a prayer or prayers to God, a god, or another object of worship. [verb]:v.intr.To make a fervent request or an entreaty. [verb]:v.tr.To utter or say a prayer or prayers to; address by prayer. [verb]:v.tr.To ask (someone) imploringly; beseech. Now often used elliptically for I pray you to introduce a request or an entreaty. [verb]:v.tr.To make a devout or earnest request for. [verb]:v.tr.To move or bring by prayer or entreaty.
注释：①“invoke”同义词：appeal, beg, beseech, entreat, implore, plead, pray. ②“祈求，恳求”同义词：pray, plead. ③“援引，援用”同义词：cite.

援引，援用	invoke	英文： 同上
	cite	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To quote as an authority or example. [verb]:v.tr.To mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof. [verb]:v.tr.To commend officially for meritorious action in military service. [verb]:v.tr.To honor formally. [verb]:v.tr.To summon before a court of law.
	illustrate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons. [verb]:v.tr.To clarify by serving as an example or comparison. [verb]:v.tr.To provide (a publication) with explanatory or decorative features. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To illuminate. [verb]:v.intr.To present a clarification, an example, or an explanation.
	mention	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To refer to, especially incidentally.See Synonyms at refer [n.]:The act of referring to something briefly or casually. [n.]:An incidental reference or allusion. [n.]:Honorable mention.
	name	英文： [n.]:A word or words by which an entity is designated and distinguished from others. [n.]:A word or group of words used to describe or evaluate, often disparagingly. [n.]:Representation or repute, as opposed to reality. [n.]:General reputation. [n.]:A distinguished reputation; renown. [n.]:An illustrious or outstanding person. [verb]:v.tr.To give a name to. [verb]:v.tr.To mention, specify, or cite by name. [verb]:v.tr.To call by an epithet. [verb]:v.tr.To nominate for or appoint to a duty, an office, or an honor. [verb]:v.tr.To specify or fix. [adj.]:Informal Well-known by a name.
	quote	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To repeat or copy the words of (another), usually with acknowledgment of the source. [verb]:v.tr.To cite or refer to for illustration or proof. [verb]:v.tr.To repeat a brief passage or excerpt from. [verb]:v.tr.To state (a price) for securities, goods, or services. [verb]:v.intr.To give a quotation, as from a book. [n.]:Informal A quotation. [n.]:A quotation mark. [n.]:Used by a speaker to indicate the beginning of a quotation. [n.]:Usage Problem A dictum; a saying.
	refer	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To direct to a source for help or information. [verb]:v.tr.To assign or attribute to; regard as originated by. [verb]:v.tr.To assign to or regard as belonging within a particular kind or class. [verb]:v.tr.To submit (a matter in dispute) to an authority for arbitration, decision, or examination. [verb]:v.tr.To direct the attention of [verb]:v.intr.To pertain; concern. [verb]:v.intr.To make mention or reference. [verb]:v.intr.To have recourse; turn.
注释：①“援引”同义词：cite, quote. ②“cite”同义词：illustrate, mention, name, quote, refer.

包含，含有	involve	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To contain as a part; include. [verb]:v.tr.To have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail. See Synonyms at include [verb]:v.tr.To engage as a participant; embroil. [verb]:v.tr.To connect closely and often incriminatingly; implicate. [verb]:v.tr.To influence or affect. [verb]:v.tr.To occupy or engage the interest of. [verb]:v.tr.To make complex or intricate; complicate. [verb]:v.tr.To wrap; envelop. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To wind or coil about.
	contain	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have within; hold. [verb]:v.tr.To be capable of holding. [verb]:v.tr.To have as component parts; include or comprise. [verb]:v.tr.To hold or keep within limits; restrain. [verb]:v.tr.To halt the spread or development of; check. [verb]:v.tr.To check the expansion or influence of (a hostile power or ideology) by containment. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To be exactly divisible by.
	embody	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give a bodily form to; incarnate. [verb]:v.tr.To represent in bodily or material form. [verb]:v.tr.To make part of a system or whole; incorporate.
	include	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To take in as a part, an element, or a member. [verb]:v.tr.To contain as a secondary or subordinate element. [verb]:v.tr.To consider with or place into a group, class, or total.
	have	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To be in possession of. [verb]:v.tr.To possess as a characteristic, quality, or function. [verb]:v.tr.To possess or contain as a constituent part. [verb]:v.tr.To occupy a particular relation to. [verb]:v.tr.To possess knowledge of or facility in. [verb]:v.tr.To hold in the mind; entertain. [verb]:v.tr.To use or exhibit in action. [verb]:v.tr.To come into possession of; acquire. [verb]:v.tr.To receive; get. [verb]:v.tr.To accept; take. [verb]:v.tr.To suffer from. [verb]:v.tr.To be subject to the experience of. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to, as by persuasion or compulsion. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be. [verb]:v.tr.To permit; allow. [verb]:v.tr.To carry on, perform, or execute. [verb]:v.tr.To place at a disadvantage. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To get the better of, especially by trickery or deception. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To influence by dishonest means; bribe. [verb]:v.tr.To procreate (offspring). [verb]:v.tr.To give birth to; bear. [verb]:v.tr.To partake of. [verb]:v.tr.To be obliged to; must. [verb]:v.tr.To engage in sexual intercourse with. [v.aux.]:Used with a past participle to form the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses indicating completed action. [n.]:One enjoying especially material wealth.
	encompass	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To form a circle or ring around; surround.See Synonyms at surround [verb]:v.tr.To enclose; envelop. [verb]:v.tr.To constitute or include. [verb]:v.tr.To accomplish; achieve.
	absorb	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To take (something) in through or as through pores or interstices. [verb]:v.tr.To occupy the full attention, interest, or time of; engross.See Synonyms at monopolize [verb]:v.tr.Physics To retain (radiation or sound, for example) wholly, without reflection or transmission. [verb]:v.tr.To take in; assimilate. [verb]:v.tr.To receive (an impulse) without echo or recoil. [verb]:v.tr.To take over (a cost or costs). [verb]:v.tr.To endure; accommodate.
	engross	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To occupy exclusively; absorb. See Synonyms at monopolize [verb]:v.tr.To acquire most or all of (a commodity); monopolize (a market). [verb]:v.tr.To write or transcribe in a large, clear hand. [verb]:v.tr.To write or print the final draft of (an official document).
	envelop	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To enclose or encase completely with or as if with a covering. [verb]:v.tr.To attack (an enemy's flank).
	occupy	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To fill up (time or space). [verb]:v.tr.To dwell or reside in. [verb]:v.tr.To hold or fill (an office or a position). [verb]:v.tr.To seize possession of and maintain control over by or as if by conquest. [verb]:v.tr.To engage, employ, or busy (oneself).
	entail	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence. [verb]:v.tr.To limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs. [verb]:v.tr.To bestow or impose on a person or a specified succession of heirs. [n.]:The act of entailing, especially property. [n.]:The state of being entailed. [n.]:An entailed estate. [n.]:A predetermined order of succession, as to an estate or to an office. [n.]:Something transmitted as if by unalterable inheritance.
注释：①“involve” 同义词：absorb, affect, complicate, concern, confound, confuse, encompass, engross, entail, envelop, implicate, include, occupy, tangle. ②“包含，含有”同义词：contain, embody, include, involve, have. ③“参与”同义词：participate ④“牵涉，牵连”同义词：involve, implicate.

参与	involve	英文： 同上
	participate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To take part in something。 [verb]:v.intr.To share in something. See Synonyms at share [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To partake of.
注释：

牵涉，牵连	involve	英文： 同上
	affect	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have an influence on or effect a change in. [verb]:v.tr.To act on the emotions of; touch or move. [verb]:v.tr.To attack or infect, as a disease. [n.]:Psychology [verb]:v.tr.A feeling or emotion as distinguished from cognition, thought, or action. [verb]:v.tr.A strong feeling having active consequences. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete A disposition, feeling, or tendency.
	complicate	英文： [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become complex or perplexing. [v.tr.intr.]:To twist or become twisted together. [adj.]:Complex, intricate, and involved. [adj.]:Biology Folded longitudinally one or several times, as certain leaves or the wings of some insects.
	concern	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have to do with or relate to. [verb]:v.tr.To be of interest or importance to. [verb]:v.tr.To engage the attention of; involve. [verb]:v.tr.To cause anxiety or uneasiness in [verb]:v.intr.Obsolete To be of importance. [n.]:A matter that relates to or affects one.See Synonyms at affair [n.]:Regard for or interest in someone or something. [n.]:A troubled or anxious state of mind arising from solicitude or interest.See Synonyms at anxiety [n.]:A business establishment or enterprise; a firm. [n.]:A contrivance; a gadget.
	confound	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to become confused or perplexed.See Synonyms at puzzle [verb]:v.tr.To fail to distinguish; mix up. [verb]:v.tr.To make (something bad) worse. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be ashamed; abash. [verb]:v.tr.To damn. [verb]:v.tr.To frustrate. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To bring to ruination.
	confuse	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be unable to think with clarity or act with intelligence or understanding; throw off. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to feel embarrassment. [verb]:v.tr.To mistake (one thing for another). [verb]:v.tr.To make opaque; blur. [verb]:v.tr.To assemble without order or sense; jumble. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To bring to ruination. [verb]:v.intr.To make something unclear or incomprehensible.
	implicate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To involve or connect intimately or incriminatingly. [verb]:v.tr.To have as a consequence or an inference; imply. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To interweave or entangle; entwine.
	tangle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mix together or intertwine in a confused mass; snarl. [verb]:v.tr.To involve in hampering or awkward complications; entangle. [verb]:v.tr.To catch and hold in or as if in a net; entrap.See Synonyms at catch [verb]:v.intr.To be or become entangled. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To enter into argument, dispute, or conflict. [n.]:A confused, intertwined mass. [n.]:A jumbled or confused state or condition. [n.]:A state of bewilderment. [n.]:Informal An argument or altercation.
注释：

激怒	ire	英文： [n.]:Anger; wrath.See Synonyms at anger
	anger	英文： [n.]:A strong feeling of displeasure or hostility. [verb]:v.tr.To make angry; enrage or provoke. [verb]:v.intr.To become angry.
	spite	英文： [n.]:Malicious ill will prompting an urge to hurt or humiliate. [n.]:An instance of malicious feeling. [verb]:v.tr.To show spite toward. [verb]:v.tr.To vent spite on. [verb]:v.tr.To fill with spite. [verb]:v.tr.To annoy.
	enrage	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put into a rage; infuriate.
	infuriate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make furious; enrage. [adj.]:Furious.
	nettle	英文： [n.]:Any of numerous plants of the genus Urtica,  having toothed leaves, unisexual apetalous flowers, and stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact. [n.]:Any of various hairy, stinging, or prickly plants. [verb]:v.tr.To sting with or as if with a nettle. [verb]:v.tr.To irritate; vex.
	pique	英文： [n.]:A state of vexation caused by a perceived slight or indignity; a feeling of wounded pride. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to feel resentment or indignation. [verb]:v.tr.To provoke; arouse. [verb]:v.tr.To pride (oneself).
	exacerbate	英文： [verb]: v.tr.To increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate.
注释：①ire：n.愤怒；v.激怒 ②同义短语：burn up ③irritate：激怒，刺激

使苦恼的，厌烦	irk	英文： 同上
	crucify	英文： [verb]:.tr.To put (a person) to death by nailing or binding to a cross. [verb]:.tr.To mortify or subdue (the flesh). [verb]:.tr.To treat cruelly; torment.
	bore	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make a hole in or through, with or as if with a drill. [verb]:v.tr.To form (a tunnel, for example) by drilling, digging, or burrowing. [verb]:v.intr.To make a hole in or through something with or as if with a drill. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed or advance steadily or laboriously. [n.]:A hole or passage made by or as if by use of a drill. [n.]:A hollow, usually cylindrical chamber or barrel, as of a firearm. [n.]:The interior diameter of a hole, tube, or cylinder. [n.]:The caliber of a firearm. [n.]:A drilling tool. [verb]:v.tr.To make weary by being dull, repetitive, or tedious. [n.]:One that arouses boredom.
注释：

照射	irradiate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To expose to radiation. [verb]:v.tr.To treat with radiation. [verb]:v.tr.To shed light on; illuminate. [verb]:v.tr.To manifest in a manner suggesting the emission of light; radiate. [verb]:v.intr.Archaic To send forth rays; radiate. [verb]:v.intr.To become radiant.
	shine	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To emit light. [verb]:v.intr.To reflect light; glint or glisten. [verb]:v.intr.To distinguish oneself in an activity or a field; excel. [verb]:v.intr.To be immediately apparent. [verb]:v.tr.To aim or cast the beam or glow of (a light). [verb]:v.tr.past tense and past participle: shined To make glossy or bright by polishing. [n.]:Brightness from a source of light; radiance. [n.]:Brightness from reflected light; luster. [n.]:A shoeshine. [n.]:Excellence in quality or appearance; splendor. [n.]:Fair weather. [n.]:shines Informal Pranks or tricks. [n.]:Slang Whiskey; moonshine. [n.]:Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a Black person.
	ray	英文： [n.]:A thin line or narrow beam of light or other radiant energy. [n.]:A graphic or other representation of such a line. [n.]:Radiance; light. [n.]:A small amount; a trace. [n.]:Mathematics A straight line extending from a point.Also called  half-line [n.]:A structure or part having the form of a straight line extending from a point. [n.]:Any of the bright streaks that are seen radiating from some craters on the moon. [n.]:Botany [n.]:A ray flower or the corolla of a ray flower. [n.]:A branch of an umbel. [n.]:Zoology [n.]:One of the bony spines supporting the membrane of a fish's fin. [n.]:One of the arms of a starfish or other radiate animal. [n.]:rays Slang Sunshine. [verb]:v.tr.To send out as rays; emit. [verb]:v.tr.To supply with rays or radiating lines. [verb]:v.tr.To cast rays on; irradiate. [n.]:Any of various marine fishes of the order Rajiformes or Batoidei, having cartilaginous skeletons, horizontally flattened bodies, and narrow tails.
注释：

照耀，照亮	irradiate	英文： 同上
	shine	英文： 同上
	illuminate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To provide or brighten with light. [verb]:v.tr.To decorate or hang with lights. [verb]:v.tr.To make understandable; clarify. [verb]:v.tr.To enlighten intellectually or spiritually; enable to understand. [verb]:v.tr.To endow with fame or splendor; celebrate. [verb]:v.tr.To adorn (a page of a book, for example) with ornamental designs, miniatures, or lettering in brilliant colors or precious metals. [verb]:v.tr.To expose to or reveal by radiation. [verb]:v.intr.To become lighted; glow. [verb]:v.intr.To provide intellectual or spiritual enlightenment and understanding. [verb]:v.intr.To be exposed to or revealed by radiation. [n.]:One who has or professes to have an unusual degree of enlightenment.
	enlighten	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give spiritual or intellectual insight to. [verb]:v.tr.To give information to; inform or instruct.
注释：

灌溉；冲洗伤口	irrigate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To supply (dry land) with water by means of ditches, pipes, or streams; water artificially. [verb]:v.tr.To wash out (a body cavity or wound) with water or a medicated fluid. [verb]:v.tr.To make fertile or vital as if by watering. [verb]:v.intr.To supply land with water artificially.
	water	英文： [n.]:A clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid, H2O, essential for most plant and animal life and the most widely used of all solvents. [n.]:Any of various forms of water. [n.]:Often waters Naturally occurring mineral water, as at a spa. [n.]:A body of water such as a sea, lake, river, or stream. [n.]:waters A particular stretch of sea or ocean, especially that of a state or country. [n.]:A supply of water. [n.]:A water supply system. [n.]:Any of the liquids present in or passed out of the body, such as urine, perspiration, tears, or saliva. [n.]:The fluid surrounding a fetus in the uterus; amniotic fluid. [n.]:An aqueous solution of a substance, especially a gas. [n.]:A wavy finish or sheen, as of a fabric or metal. [n.]:The valuation of the assets of a business firm beyond their real value. [n.]:Stock issued in excess of paid-in capital. [n.]:The transparency and luster of a gem. [n.]:A level of excellence. [verb]:v.tr.To pour or sprinkle water on; make wet. [verb]:v.tr.To give drinking water to. [verb]:v.tr.To lead (an animal) to drinking water. [verb]:v.tr.To dilute or weaken by adding water. [verb]:v.tr.To give a sheen to the surface of (silk, linen, or metal). [verb]:v.tr.To increase (the number of shares of stock) without increasing the value of the assets represented. [verb]:v.tr.To irrigate (land). [verb]:v.intr.To produce or discharge fluid, as from the eyes. [verb]:v.intr.To salivate in anticipation of food. [verb]:v.intr.To take on a supply of water, as a ship. [verb]:v.intr.To drink water, as an animal.
注释：

激怒；刺激	irritate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To rouse to impatience or anger; annoy.See Synonyms at annoy [verb]:v.tr.To chafe or inflame. [verb]:v.intr.To be a cause of impatience or anger.
	agitate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move with violence or sudden force. [verb]:v.tr.To upset; disturb. [verb]:v.tr.To arouse interest in (a cause, for example) by use of the written or spoken word; debate. [verb]:v.intr.To stir up public interest in a cause.
	annoy	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts. [verb]:v.tr.To harass or disturb by repeated attacks. [verb]:v.intr.To be annoying.
	anger	英文： 同上
	chafe	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To wear away or irritate by rubbing. [verb]:v.tr.To annoy; vex. [verb]:v.tr.To warm by rubbing, as with the hands. [verb]:v.intr.To rub and cause irritation or friction. [verb]:v.intr.To become worn or sore from rubbing. [verb]:v.intr.To feel irritated or impatient. [n.]:Warmth, wear, or soreness produced by friction. [n.]:Annoyance; vexation.
	foment	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To promote the growth of; incite.See Synonyms at incite [verb]:v.tr.To treat (the skin, for example) by fomentation.
	grate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reduce to fragments, shreds, or powder by rubbing against an abrasive surface. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to make a harsh grinding or rasping sound through friction. [verb]:v.tr.To irritate or annoy persistently. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To rub or wear away. [verb]:v.intr.To make a harsh rasping sound by or as if by scraping or grinding. [verb]:v.intr.To cause irritation or annoyance. [n.]:A harsh rasping sound made by scraping or rubbing. [n.]:A framework of parallel or latticed bars for blocking an opening. [n.]:A framework of metal bars used to hold fuel or food in a stove, furnace, or fireplace. [n.]:A fireplace. [n.]:A perforated iron plate or screen for sieving and grading crushed ore. [verb]:v.tr.To equip with a grate.
	hurt	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause physical damage or pain to; injure. [verb]:v.tr.To cause mental or emotional suffering to; distress. [verb]:v.tr.To damage or impair. See Synonyms at injure [verb]:v.intr.To have or produce a feeling of physical pain or discomfort. [verb]:v.intr.To cause distress or damage. [verb]:v.intr.To have an adverse effect. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To experience distress, especially of a financial kind; be in need. [n.]:Something that hurts; a pain, an injury, or a wound. [n.]:Mental suffering; anguish. [n.]:A wrong; harm.
	incite	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To provoke and urge on.
	infuriate	英文： 同上
	instigate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To urge on; goad. [verb]:v.tr.To stir up; foment. See Synonyms at incite
	madden	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make angry; irritate. [verb]:v.tr.To drive insane. [verb]:v.intr.To become infuriated.
	pain	英文： [n.]:An unpleasant sensation occurring in varying degrees of severity as a consequence of injury, disease, or emotional disorder. [n.]:Suffering or distress. [n.]:pains The pangs of childbirth. [n.]:pains Great care or effort. [n.]:Informal A source of annoyance; a nuisance. [verb]:v.tr.To cause pain to; hurt or injure. [verb]:v.intr.To be the cause of pain.
	provoke	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To incite to anger or resentment. [verb]:v.tr.To stir to action or feeling. [verb]:v.tr.To give rise to; evoke. [verb]:v.tr.To bring about deliberately; induce.
	rub	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To subject to the action of something that moves back and forth with friction and pressure. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move along a surface with friction and pressure. [verb]:v.tr.To irritate; annoy. [verb]:v.intr.To move along a surface with friction and pressure. [verb]:v.intr.To chafe with friction. [verb]:v.intr.To cause irritation or annoyance. [verb]:v.intr.To continue in a given situation, usually with some difficulty. [verb]:v.intr.To admit rubbing. [verb]:v.intr.To be transferred by contact or proximity. [n.]:The act of rubbing. [n.]:The application of friction and pressure. [n.]:An unevenness on a surface. [n.]:An act or a remark that annoys or hurts another. [n.]:Difficulty.
	vex	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To annoy, as with petty importunities; bother.See Synonyms at annoy [verb]:v.tr.To cause perplexity in; puzzle. [verb]:v.tr.To bring distress or suffering to; plague or afflict. [verb]:v.tr.To debate or discuss (a question, for example) at length. [verb]:v.tr.To toss about or shake up.
	wound	英文： [n.]:An injury, especially one in which the skin or other external surface is torn, pierced, cut, or otherwise broken. [n.]:An injury to the feelings. [verb]:v.tr.To inflict wounds or a wound on. [verb]:v.intr.To inflict wounds or a wound [verb]:Past tense and past participle of wind [verb]:Music A past tense and a past participle of wind. [n.]:Moving air, especially a natural and perceptible movement of air parallel to or along the ground. [n.]:A movement of air generated artificially, as by bellows or a fan. [n.]:The direction from which a movement of air comes. [n.]:A movement of air coming from one of the four cardinal points of the compass. [n.]:Moving air carrying sound, an odor, or a scent. [n.]:Breath, especially normal or adequate breathing; respiration. [n.]:Gas produced in the stomach or intestines during digestion; flatulence. [n.]:Often winds Music [n.]:The brass and woodwinds sections of a band or an orchestra. [n.]:Wind instruments or their players considered as a group. [n.]:Something that disrupts or destroys. [n.]:A tendency; a trend. [n.]:Information, especially of something concealed; intimation. [n.]:Speech or writing empty of meaning; verbiage. [n.]:Futile or idle labor or thought. [verb]:v.tr.To expose to free movement of air; ventilate or dry. [verb]:v.tr.To detect the smell of; catch a scent of. [verb]:v.tr.To pursue by following a scent. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be out of or short of breath. [verb]:v.tr.To afford a recovery of breath [verb]:v.tr.To wrap (something) around a center or another object once or repeatedly. [verb]:v.tr.To wrap or encircle (an object) in a series of coils; entwine. [verb]:v.tr.To go along (a curving or twisting course). [verb]:v.tr.To proceed on (one's way) with a curving or twisting course. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce in a disguised or devious manner; insinuate. [verb]:v.tr.To turn (a crank, for example) in a series of circular motions. [verb]:v.tr.To coil the spring of (a mechanism) by turning a stem or cord. [verb]:v.tr.To coil (thread, for example), as onto a spool or into a ball. [verb]:v.tr.To remove or unwind (thread, for example), as from a spool. [verb]:v.tr.To lift or haul by means of a windlass or winch. [verb]:v.intr.To move in or have a curving or twisting course. [verb]:v.intr.To move in or have a spiral or circular course. [verb]:v.intr.To be coiled or spiraled. [verb]:v.intr.To be twisted or whorled into curved forms. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed misleadingly or insidiously in discourse or conduct. [verb]:v.intr.To become wound. [n.]:The act of winding. [n.]:A single turn, twist, or curve. [n.]:To diminish gradually in energy, intensity, or scope. [n.]:To relax; unwind. [verb]:v.tr.To blow (a wind instrument). [verb]:v.tr.To sound by blowing.
注释：同义短语：stir up

孤立；将…从其种群中隔离	isolate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To set apart or cut off from others. [verb]:v.tr.To place in quarantine. [verb]:v.tr.Chemistry To separate (a substance) out of a combined mixture. [verb]:v.tr.To render free of external influence; insulate. [verb]:v.tr.Microbiology To separate (a pure strain) from a mixed bacterial or fungal culture. [adj.]:Solitary; alone. [n.]:Microbiology A bacterial or fungal strain that has been isolated.
	quarantine	英文： [n.]:A period of time during which a vehicle, person, or material suspected of carrying a contagious disease is detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country. [n.]:A place for such detention. [n.]:Enforced isolation or restriction of free movement imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease. [n.]:A condition of enforced isolation. [n.]:A period of 40 days. [verb]:v.tr.To isolate in or as if in quarantine. [verb]:v.tr.To isolate politically or economically.
	seclude	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To set or keep apart, as from social contact with others.See Synonyms at isolate [verb]:v.tr.To screen from view; make private.
	segregate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group.See Synonyms at isolate [verb]:v.tr.To impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest of society. [verb]:v.intr.To become separated from a main body or mass. [verb]:v.intr.To practice a policy of racial segregation. [verb]:v.intr.Genetics To undergo genetic segregation. [adj.]:Separated; isolated. [n.]:One that is or has been segregated. [n.]:Genetics See  segregant
	separate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To set or keep apart; disunite. [verb]:v.tr.To space apart; scatter. [verb]:v.tr.To sort. [verb]:v.tr.To differentiate or discriminate between; distinguish. [verb]:v.tr.To remove from a mixture or combination; isolate. [verb]:v.tr.To part (a couple), often by decree. [verb]:v.tr.To terminate a contractual relationship, as military service, with; discharge. [verb]:v.intr.To come apart. [verb]:v.intr.To withdraw. [verb]:v.intr.To part company; disperse. [verb]:v.intr.To stop living together as spouses. [verb]:v.intr.To become divided into components or parts. [adj.]:Set or kept apart; disunited. [adj.]:Existing as an independent entity. [adj.]:Often Separate Having undergone schism or estrangement from a parent body. [adj.]:Dissimilar from all others; distinct. [adj.]:Not shared; individual. [adj.]:Archaic Withdrawn from others; solitary. [n.]:A garment, such as a skirt, jacket, or pair of slacks, that may be purchased separately and worn in various combinations with other garments.
注释：同义短语：set apart

重申，重做	iterate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To say or perform again; repeat.See Synonyms at repeat
	ingeminate	英文： [verb]: to say, state, or perform again.
	reiterate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To say or do again or repeatedly.See Synonyms at repeat
	repeat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To say again. [verb]:v.tr.To utter in duplication of another's utterance. [verb]:v.tr.To recite from memory. [verb]:v.tr.To tell to another. [verb]:v.tr.To do, experience, or produce again. [verb]:v.tr.To express (oneself) in the same way or words. [verb]:v.intr.To do or say something again. [verb]:v.intr.To commit the fraudulent offense of voting more than once in a single election. [n.]:Abbr. rpt.An act of repeating. [n.]:Something repeated. [n.]:Music [n.]:A passage or section that is repeated. [n.]:A sign usually consisting of two vertical dots, indicating a passage to be repeated. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or being something that repeats or is repeated.
	restate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To state again or in a new form.See Synonyms at repeat
	retell	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To relate or tell again or in a different form. [verb]:v.tr.To count again.
注释：

猛刺	jab	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To poke or thrust abruptly, especially with something sharp. [verb]:v.tr.To stab or pierce. [verb]:v.tr.To thrust into or against with a rough, abrupt movement. [verb]:v.tr.To punch with short blows. [verb]:v.intr.To make an abrupt poking or thrusting motion. [verb]:v.intr.To deliver a quick punch. [n.]:A quick stab or blow. [n.]:Sports A short straight punch in boxing.
	nudge	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To push against gently, especially in order to gain attention or give a signal. [verb]:v.tr.To come close to; near. [n.]:A gentle push. [n.]:One who persistently pesters, annoys, or complains. [verb]:v.tr.To annoy persistently; pester. [verb]:v.intr.To complain or carp persistently.
	poke	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To push or jab at, as with a finger or an arm; prod. [verb]:v.tr.To make (a hole or pathway, for example) by or as if by prodding, elbowing, or jabbing. [verb]:v.tr.To push; thrust. [verb]:v.tr.To stir (a fire) by prodding the wood or coal with a poker or stick. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To strike; punch. [verb]:v.intr.To make thrusts or jabs, as with a stick or poker. [verb]:v.intr.To pry or meddle; intrude. [verb]:v.intr.To search or look curiously in a desultory manner. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed in a slow or lazy manner; putter. [verb]:v.intr.To thrust forward; appear. [n.]:A push, thrust, or jab. [n.]:Slang A punch or blow with the fist. [n.]:One who moves slowly or aimlessly; a dawdler. [n.]:A projecting brim at the front of a bonnet. [n.]:A large bonnet having a projecting brim. [n.]:Chiefly Southern U.S. A sack; a bag. [n.]:Pokeweed.
	prod	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To jab or poke, as with a pointed object. [verb]:v.tr.To goad to action; incite.See Synonyms at urge [n.]:A pointed object used to prod. [n.]:An incitement; a stimulus.
	push	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To apply pressure against for the purpose of moving. [verb]:v.tr.To move (an object) by exerting force against it; thrust or shove. [verb]:v.tr.To force (one's way). [verb]:v.tr.To urge forward or urge insistently; pressure. [verb]:v.tr.To bear hard upon; press. [verb]:v.tr.To exert downward pressure on (a button or keyboard, for example); press. [verb]:v.tr.To extend or enlarge. [verb]:v.tr.Slang [verb]:v.tr.To promote or sell (a product). [verb]:v.tr.To sell (a narcotic) illegally. [verb]:v.intr.To exert outward pressure or force against something. [verb]:v.intr.To advance despite difficulty or opposition; press forward. [verb]:v.intr.To expend great or vigorous effort. [n.]:The act of pushing; thrust. [n.]:A vigorous or insistent effort toward an end; a drive. [n.]:A provocation to action; a stimulus. [n.]:Informal Persevering energy; enterprise.
	thrust	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To push or drive quickly and forcibly.See Synonyms at push [verb]:v.tr.To issue or extend. [verb]:v.tr.To force into a specified condition or situation. [verb]:v.tr.To include or interpolate improperly. [verb]:v.tr.To force on an unwilling or improper recipient. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To stab; pierce. [verb]:v.intr.To shove something into or at something else; push. [verb]:v.intr.To pierce or stab with or as if with a pointed weapon. [verb]:v.intr.To force one's way. [n.]:A forceful shove or push. [n.]:A driving force or pressure. [n.]:The forward-directed force developed in a jet or rocket engine as a reaction to the high-velocity rearward ejection of exhaust gases. [n.]:A piercing movement made with or as if with a pointed weapon; a stab. [n.]:The essence; the point. [n.]:Architecture Outward or lateral stress in a structure, such as an arch. [n.]:An attack or assault, especially by an armed force.
注释：

快而不清楚地说	jabber	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To talk rapidly, unintelligibly, or idly. [verb]:v.tr.To utter rapidly or unintelligibly. [n.]:Rapid or babbling talk.
	gabble	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To speak rapidly or incoherently; jabber. [verb]:v.intr.To make rapid, low muttering or quacking sounds, as a goose or duck. [verb]:v.tr.To utter rapidly or incoherently. [n.]:Rapid, incoherent, or meaningless speech. [n.]:The low muttering sound of a goose or duck.
	rant	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To speak or declaim in a violent, loud, or vehement manner; rave. [verb]:v.tr.To utter with violence or extravagance. [n.]:Violent, loud, or extravagant speech.See Synonyms at bombast [n.]:Chiefly British Wild or uproarious merriment.
	rave	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To speak wildly, irrationally, or incoherently. [verb]:v.intr.To roar; rage. [verb]:v.intr.To speak with wild enthusiasm. [verb]:v.tr.To utter in a frenzied manner. [n.]:The act or an instance of raving. [n.]:Informal An extravagantly enthusiastic opinion or review. [adj.]:Informal Relating to or being an extravagantly enthusiastic opinion or review.
	spout	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To gush forth in a rapid stream or in spurts. [verb]:v.intr.To discharge a liquid or other substance continuously or in spurts. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To speak volubly and tediously. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to flow or spurt out. [verb]:v.tr.To utter volubly and tediously. [verb]:v.tr.Chiefly British To pawn. [n.]:A tube, mouth, or pipe through which liquid is released or discharged. [n.]:A continuous stream of liquid. [n.]:The burst of spray from the blowhole of a whale. [n.]:Chiefly British A pawnshop.
注释：同义短语：mouth off, rabbit on

开玩笑，戏弄	jape	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To joke or quip. [verb]:v.tr.To make sport of. [n.]:A joke or quip.
	joke	英文： [n.]:Something said or done to evoke laughter or amusement, especially an amusing story with a punch line. [n.]:A mischievous trick; a prank. [n.]:An amusing or ludicrous incident or situation. [n.]:Informal [n.]:Something not to be taken seriously; a triviality. [n.]:An object of amusement or laughter; a laughingstock. [verb]:v.intr.To tell or play jokes; jest. [verb]:v.intr.To speak in fun; be facetious. [verb]:v.tr.To make fun of; tease.
	gag	英文： [n.]:Something forced into or put over the mouth to prevent speaking or crying out. [n.]:An obstacle to or a censoring of free speech. [n.]:A device placed in the mouth to keep it open, as in dentistry. [n.]:A practical joke. [n.]:A comic effect or remark.See Synonyms at joke [n.]:The act or an instance of gagging or choking. [verb]:v.tr.To prevent from speaking or crying out by using a gag. [verb]:v.tr.To stop or restrain from exercising free speech. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to choke, retch, or undergo a regurgitative spasm. [verb]:v.tr.To keep (the mouth) open by using a gag. [verb]:v.tr.To block off or obstruct (a pipe or valve, for example). [verb]:v.intr.To experience a regurgitative spasm in the throat, as from revulsion to a food or smell or in reflexive response to an introduced object. [verb]:v.intr.To retch or choke. [verb]:v.intr.To make jokes or quips.
	laugh	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To express certain emotions, especially mirth, delight, or derision, by a series of spontaneous, usually unarticulated sounds often accompanied by corresponding facial and bodily movements. [verb]:v.intr.To show or feel amusement or good humor. [verb]:v.intr.To feel or express derision or contempt; mock. [verb]:v.intr.To feel a triumphant or exultant sense of well-being. [verb]:v.intr.To produce sounds resembling laughter. [verb]:v.tr.To affect or influence by laughter. [verb]:v.tr.To say with a laugh. [n.]:The act of laughing. [n.]:The sound of laughing; laughter. [n.]:Informal Something amusing, absurd, or contemptible; a joke. [n.]:Often laughs Informal Fun; amusement.
	jest	英文： [n.]:A playful or amusing act; a prank.See Synonyms at joke [n.]:A frolicsome or frivolous mood. [n.]:An object of ridicule; a laughingstock. [n.]:A witty remark. [verb]:v.intr.To act or speak playfully. [verb]:v.intr.To make witty remarks. [verb]:v.intr.To utter scoffs; gibe. [verb]:v.tr.To make fun of; ridicule.
	fun	英文： [n.]:A source of enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure. [n.]:Enjoyment; amusement. [n.]:Playful, often noisy, activity. [verb]:v.intr.To behave playfully; joke. [adj.]:Informal Enjoyable; amusing.
	mock	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To treat with ridicule or contempt; deride. [verb]:v.tr.To mimic, as in sport or derision.See Synonyms at ridicule [verb]:v.tr.To imitate; counterfeit. [verb]:v.tr.To frustrate the hopes of; disappoint. [verb]:v.intr.To express scorn or ridicule; jeer. [n.]:The act of mocking. [n.]:Mockery; derision. [n.]:An object of scorn or derision. [n.]:An imitation or a counterfeit. [adj.]:Simulated; false; sham. [adv.]:In an insincere or pretending manner.
	tease	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To annoy or pester; vex. [verb]:v.tr.To make fun of; mock playfully. [verb]:v.tr.To arouse hope, desire, or curiosity in without affording satisfaction. [verb]:v.tr.To urge persistently; coax. [verb]:v.tr.To gain by persistent coaxing. [verb]:v.tr.To deal with or have an effect on as if by teasing. [verb]:v.tr.To cut (tissue, for example) into pieces for examination. [verb]:v.tr.To disentangle and dress the fibers of (wool, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To raise the nap of (cloth) by dressing, as with a fuller's teasel. [verb]:v.tr.To ruffle (the hair) by combing from the ends toward the scalp for an airy, full effect. [verb]:v.intr.To annoy or make fun of someone persistently. [n.]:The act of teasing. [n.]:The state of being teased. [n.]:One that teases. [n.]:One given to playful mocking. [n.]:A woman who behaves like a coquette. [n.]:A preliminary remark or act intended to whet the curiosity.
注释：jest：v./n.说笑，玩笑

震动，摇晃；冲突，抵触；（猛撞）震动；发刺耳声	jar	英文： [n.]:A cylindrical glass or earthenware vessel with a wide mouth and usually no handles. [n.]:The amount that a jar can hold. [n.]:Chiefly British A glass of beer. [verb]:v.tr.To put into a jar. [verb]:v.intr.To make or utter a harsh sound. [verb]:v.intr.To be disturbing or irritating; grate. [verb]:v.intr.To shake or shiver from impact. [verb]:v.intr.To clash or conflict. [verb]:v.tr.To bump or cause to move or shake from impact. [verb]:v.tr.To startle or unsettle; shock. [n.]:A jolt; a shock.See Synonyms at collision [n.]:Harsh or grating sound; discord.
	bounce	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To rebound after having struck an object or a surface. [verb]:v.intr.To move jerkily; bump. [verb]:v.intr.To recover quickly, as from a setback. [verb]:v.intr.To bound. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To be sent back by a bank as valueless. [verb]:v.intr.Baseball To hit a ground ball that rebounds before reaching an infielder. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to strike an object or a surface and rebound. [verb]:v.tr. Slang [verb]:v.tr.To expel by force. [verb]:v.tr.To dismiss from employment.See Synonyms at dismiss [verb]:v.tr.To write (a check) on an overdrawn bank account. [n.]:A rebound. [n.]:A sudden bound, spring, or leap. [n.]:The capacity to rebound; spring. [n.]:Spirit; liveliness. [n.]:Slang Expulsion; dismissal. [n.]:Chiefly British Loud, arrogant speech; bluster.
	jolt	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To move or dislodge with a sudden, hard blow; strike heavily or jarringly. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move jerkily. [verb]:v.tr.To put into a specified condition by or as if by a blow. [verb]:v.tr.To make suddenly active or effective. [verb]:v.tr.To disturb suddenly and severely; stun. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed in an irregular, bumpy, or jerky fashion. [n.]:A sudden jarring or jerking, as from a heavy blow or an abrupt movement.See Synonyms at collision [n.]:A sudden, strong feeling of surprise or disappointment; a shock. [n.]:The cause of such a feeling. [n.]:A brief strong portion.
	rattle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To make or emit a quick succession of short percussive sounds. [verb]:v.intr.To move with such sounds. [verb]:v.intr.To talk rapidly and at length, usually without much thought: [verb]:v.tr.To cause to make a quick succession of short percussive sounds. [verb]:v.tr.To utter or perform rapidly or effortlessly. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To fluster; unnerve. See Synonyms at embarrass [n.]:A rapid succession of short percussive sounds. [n.]:A device, such as a baby's toy, that produces short percussive sounds. [n.]:A rattling sound in the throat caused by obstructed breathing, especially near the time of death. [n.]:The series of horny structures at the end of a rattlesnake's tail. [n.]:Loud or rapid talk; chatter. [verb]:v.tr.To secure ratlines to (shrouds).
	shake	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move to and fro with jerky movements. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to quiver, tremble, vibrate, or rock. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to lose stability or waver. [verb]:v.tr.To remove or dislodge by jerky movements. [verb]:v.tr.To bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To get rid of. [verb]:v.tr.To disturb or agitate; unnerve. [verb]:v.tr.To brandish or wave, especially in anger. [verb]:v.tr.To clasp (hands) in greeting or leave-taking or as a sign of agreement. [verb]:v.tr.Music To trill (a note). [verb]:v.tr.Games To rattle and mix (dice) before casting. [verb]:v.intr.To move to and fro in short, irregular, often jerky movements. [verb]:v.intr.To tremble, as from cold or in anger. [verb]:v.intr.To be unsteady; totter or waver. [verb]:v.intr.To move something vigorously up and down or from side to side, as in mixing. [verb]:v.intr.Music To trill. [verb]:v.intr.To shake hands. [n.]:The act of shaking. [n.]:A trembling or quivering movement. [n.]:Informal An earthquake. [n.]:A fissure in rock. [n.]:A crack in timber caused by wind or frost. [n.]:Informal A moment or an instant; a trice. [n.]:Music A trill. [n.]:See  milk shake [n.]:A beverage in which the ingredients are mixed by shaking. [n.]:A rough shingle used to cover rustic buildings, such as barns. [n.]:shakes Informal Uncontrollable trembling, as in a person who is cold, frightened, feverish, or ill. Often used with the. [n.]:Slang A bargain or deal.
注释：①jar：v.震动，摇晃；冲突，抵触；（猛撞）震动；发刺耳声；n.广口坛子额

短程旅游	jaunt	英文： [n.]:A short trip or excursion, usually for pleasure; an outing. [verb]:v.intr.To make a short journey.
	journey	英文： [n.]:The act of traveling from one place to another; a trip. [n.]:A distance to be traveled or the time required for a trip. [n.]:A process or course likened to traveling; a passage. [verb]:v.intr.To make a journey; travel. [verb]:v.tr.To travel over or through.
	tour	英文： [n.]:A trip with visits to various places of interest for business, pleasure, or instruction. [n.]:A group organized for such a trip or for a shorter sightseeing excursion. [n.]:A brief trip to or through a place for the purpose of seeing it. [n.]:A journey to fulfill a round of engagements in several places. [n.]:A shift, as in a factory. [n.]:A period of duty at a single place or job. [verb]:v.intr.To travel from place to place, especially for pleasure. [verb]:v.intr.To travel among various places while fulfilling engagements. [verb]:v.tr.To make a tour of. [verb]:v.tr.To present (a play, for example) on a tour.
	trip	英文： [n.]:A going from one place to another; a journey. [n.]:A stumble or fall. [n.]:A maneuver causing someone to stumble or fall. [n.]:A mistake. [n.]:Slang [n.]:A hallucinatory experience induced by a psychedelic drug. [n.]:An intense, stimulating, or exciting experience. [n.]:Slang [n.]:A usually temporary but absorbing interest. [n.]:A certain way of life or situation. [n.]:A light or nimble tread. [n.]:A device, such as a pawl, for triggering a mechanism. [n.]:The action of such a device. [verb]:v.intr.To stumble. [verb]:v.intr.To move nimbly with light, rapid steps; skip. [verb]:v.intr.To be released, as a tooth on an escapement wheel in a watch. [verb]:v.intr.To make a trip. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To have a drug-induced hallucination. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to stumble or fall. [verb]:v.tr.To trap or catch in an error or inconsistency. [verb]:v.tr.To release a catch, trigger, or switch, thereby setting something in operation. [verb]:v.tr.Nautical [verb]:v.tr.To raise (an anchor) from the bottom. [verb]:v.tr.To tip or turn (a yardarm) into a position for lowering. [verb]:v.tr.To lift (an upper mast) in order to remove the fid before lowering.
	voyage	英文： [n.]:A long journey, as: [n.]:A journey by sea to a foreign or distant land. [n.]:A journey by land to distant parts. [n.]:A journey through outer space. [n.]:Often voyages [n.]:The events of a journey of exploration or discovery considered as material for a narrative. [n.]:Such a narrative. [verb]:v.intr.To make a voyage. [verb]:v.tr.To sail across; traverse.
注释：①jaunt：n./v.短程旅游       ②同义词n.：excursion, expedition, outing.

嘲笑	jeer	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To speak or shout derisively; mock. [verb]:v.tr.To abuse vocally; taunt。 [n.]:A scoffing or taunting remark or shout.
	mock	英文： 同上
	scoff	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mock at or treat with derision. [verb]:v.intr.To treat or express derisively; mock. [n.]:An expression of derision or scorn. [verb]:v.tr.To eat (food) quickly and greedily. [verb]:v.intr.To eat greedily.
	taunt	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner.See Synonyms at ridicule [verb]:v.tr.To drive or incite (a person) by taunting. [n.]:A scornful remark or tirade; a jeer. [adj.]:Nautical Unusually tall. Used of masts.
	jibe	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To shift a fore-and-aft sail from one side of a vessel to the other while sailing before the wind so as to sail on the opposite tack. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (a sail) to jibe. [n.]:The act of jibing. [verb]:v.intr.To be in accord; agree. [verb][n.]:Variant of gibe
注释：同义短语：make fun of

危及，危害	jeopardize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To expose to loss or injury; imperil.See Synonyms at endanger
	endanger	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To expose to harm or danger; imperil.
	expose	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To subject or allow to be subjected to an action or an influence. [verb]:v.tr.To subject (a photographic film, for example) to the action of light. [verb]:v.tr.To make visible. See Synonyms at show [verb]:v.tr.To make known (something discreditable). [verb]:v.tr.To reveal the guilt or wrongdoing of. See Synonyms at reveal [verb]:v.tr.To deprive of shelter or protection. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to needless risk.
	hazard	英文： [n.]:A chance; an accident. [n.]:A chance of being injured or harmed; danger. [n.]:A possible source of danger. [n.]:Games A dice game similar to craps. [n.]:Sports An obstacle, such as a sand trap, found on a golf course. [verb]:v.tr.To expose to danger or harm.See Synonyms at endanger [verb]:v.tr.To venture (something); dare.
	imperil	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put into peril; endanger.See Synonyms at endanger
	risk	英文： [n.]:The possibility of suffering harm or loss; danger. [n.]:A factor, thing, element, or course involving uncertain danger; a hazard. [n.]:The danger or probability of loss to an insurer. [n.]:The amount that an insurance company stands to lose. [n.]:The variability of returns from an investment. [n.]:The chance of nonpayment of a debt. [n.]:One considered with respect to the possibility of loss. [n.]:attributive.Often used to modify another noun. [verb]:v.tr.To expose to a chance of loss or damage; hazard. [verb]:v.tr.To incur the risk of.
注释：

猛拉	jerk	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give a sudden quick thrust, push, pull, or twist to. [verb]:v.tr.To throw or toss with a quick abrupt motion. [verb]:v.tr.To utter abruptly or sharply. [verb]:v.tr.To make and serve (ice-cream sodas, for example) at a soda fountain. [verb]:v.intr.To move in sudden abrupt motions; jolt. [verb]:v.intr.To make spasmodic motions. [n.]:A sudden abrupt motion, such as a yank or twist. [n.]:A jolting or lurching motion. [n.]:Physiology A sudden reflexive or spasmodic muscular movement. [n.]:jerks Involuntary convulsive twitching often resulting from excitement. Often used with the.   [n.]:Slang A dull, stupid, or fatuous person. [n.]:Sports A lift in which the weight is heaved overhead from shoulder height with a quick motion. [verb]:v.tr.To cut (meat) into long strips and dry in the sun or cure by exposing to smoke. [adj.]:Being or relating to a method of barbecuing meat that has been seasoned and wrapped in leaves of the allspice tree.
	jolt	英文： 同上
注释：jerk：v./n.猛拉

（船）向外抛东西	jettison	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cast overboard or off. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To discard (something) as unwanted or burdensome. [n.]:The act of discarding or casting overboard. [n.]:Jetsam.
注释：jettison：v.(船)向外抛弃东西；n.抛弃的货物

与…一致，符合	jibe	英文： 同上
	agree	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To grant consent; accede. [verb]:v.intr.To come into or be in accord, as of opinion. [verb]:v.intr.To be of one opinion; concur. [verb]:v.intr.To come to an understanding or to terms. [verb]:v.intr.To be compatible or in correspondence. [verb]:v.intr.To be suitable, appropriate, pleasing, or healthful. [verb]:v.intr.Grammar To correspond in gender, number, case, or person. [verb]:v.tr.To grant or concede.
	check	英文： 同上
	correspond	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To be in agreement, harmony, or conformity. [verb]:v.intr.To be similar or equivalent in character, quantity, origin, structure, or function. See Synonyms at agree [verb]:v.intr.To communicate by letter, usually over a period of time.
	fit	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To be the proper size and shape for. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be the proper size and shape. [verb]:v.tr.To measure for proper size. [verb]:v.tr.To be appropriate to; suit. [verb]:v.tr.To be in conformity or agreement with. [verb]:v.tr.To make suitable; adapt. [verb]:v.tr.To make ready; prepare. [verb]:v.tr.To equip; outfit. [verb]:v.tr.To provide a place or time for. [verb]:v.tr.To insert or adjust so as to be properly in place. [verb]:v.intr.To be the proper size and shape. [verb]:v.intr.To be suited; belong. [verb]:v.intr.To be in harmony; agree. [adj.]:Suited, adapted, or acceptable for a given circumstance or purpose. [adj.]:Appropriate; proper. [adj.]:Physically sound; healthy. [n.]:The state, quality, or way of being fitted. [n.]:The manner in which clothing fits. [n.]:The degree of precision with which surfaces are adjusted or adapted to each other in a machine or collection of parts. [n.]:Medicine [n.]:A seizure or a convulsion, especially one caused by epilepsy. [n.]:The sudden appearance of a symptom such as coughing or sneezing. [n.]:A sudden outburst of emotion. [n.]:A sudden period of vigorous activity. [n.]:Archaic A section of a poem or ballad.
	match	英文： [n.]:One that is exactly like another; a counterpart. [n.]:One that is like another in one or more specified qualities. [n.]:One that is able to compete equally with another. [n.]:One that closely resembles or harmonizes with another. [n.]:A pair, each one of which resembles or harmonizes with the other. [n.]:Sports [n.]:A game or contest in which two or more persons, animals, or teams oppose and compete with each other. [n.]:A tennis contest won by the player or side that wins a specified number of sets, usually two out of three or three out of five. [n.]:A marriage or an arrangement of marriage. [n.]:A person viewed as a prospective marriage partner. [verb]:v.tr.To be exactly like; correspond exactly. [verb]:v.tr.To be like with respect to specified qualities. [verb]:v.tr.To resemble or harmonize with. [verb]:v.tr.To adapt or suit so that a balanced or harmonious result is achieved; cause to correspond. [verb]:v.tr.To find or produce a counterpart to. [verb]:v.tr.To fit together or cause to fit together. [verb]:v.tr.To join or give in marriage. [verb]:v.tr.To place in opposition or competition; pit. [verb]:v.tr.To provide with an adversary or a competitor. [verb]:v.tr.To do as well as or better than in competition; equal. [verb]:v.tr.To set in comparison; compare. [verb]:v.tr.To provide funds so as to equal or complement. [verb]:v.tr.To flip or toss (coins) and compare the sides that land face up. [verb]:v.tr.To couple (electric circuits) by means of a transformer. [verb]:v.intr.To be a close counterpart; correspond. [n.]:A narrow piece, usually of wood or cardboard, coated on one end with a compound that ignites when scratched against a rough or chemically treated surface. [n.]:An easily ignited cord or wick, formerly used to detonate powder charges or to fire cannons and muzzleloading firearms.
	tally	英文： [n.]:A reckoning or score. [n.]:A stick on which notches are made to keep a count or score. [n.]:A stick on which notches were formerly made to keep a record of amounts paid or owed. [n.]:A mark used in recording a number of acts or objects, most often in series of five, consisting of four vertical lines canceled diagonally or horizontally by a fifth line. [n.]:A label, ticket, or piece of metal or wood used for identification or classification, especially in gardens and greenhouses. [n.]:Something that is very similar or corresponds to something else; a double or counterpart. [n.]:Nautical A metal plate attached to a ship's machinery and bearing instructions for its use. [verb]:v.tr.To reckon or count. [verb]:v.tr.To record by making a mark. [verb]:v.tr.To label, as with a ticket, for identification or classification. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to correspond or agree. [verb]:v.intr.To be alike; correspond or agree. [verb]:v.intr.To keep score.
注释：jibe：与…一致，符合；嘲笑

用计谋获取	jockey	英文： [n.]:Sports One who rides horses in races, especially as a profession. [n.]:Slang One who operates a specified vehicle, machine, or device. [verb]v.tr.Sports To ride (a horse) as jockey. [verb]v.tr.To direct or maneuver by cleverness or skill. [verb]v.tr.To trick; cheat. [verb]v.intr.Sports To ride a horse in a race. [verb]v.intr.To maneuver for a certain position or advantage. [verb]v.intr.To employ trickery.
	cheat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deceive by trickery; swindle. [verb]:v.tr.To deprive by trickery; defraud. [verb]:v.tr.To mislead; fool. [verb]:v.tr.To elude; escape. [verb]:v.intr.To act dishonestly; practice fraud. [verb]:v.intr.To violate rules deliberately, as in a game. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To be sexually unfaithful. [n.]:An act of cheating; a fraud or swindle. [n.]:One that cheats; a swindler. [n.]:Law Fraudulent acquisition of another's property. [n.]:Botany An annual European species of brome grass(Bromus secalinus)  widely naturalized in temperate regions.
	chicane	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To resort to tricks or subterfuges; use chicanery. [verb]:v.tr.To trick; deceive. [n.]:Chicanery. [n.]:Games A bridge or whist hand without trumps.
	screw	英文： [n.]:A cylindrical rod incised with one or more helical or advancing spiral threads, as a lead screw or worm screw. [n.]:The tapped collar or socket that receives this rod. [n.]:A metal pin with incised threads and a broad slotted head that can be driven as a fastener by turning with a screwdriver, especially: [n.]:A tapered and pointed wood screw. [n.]:A cylindrical and flat-tipped machine screw. [n.]:A device having a helical form, such as a corkscrew. [n.]:A propeller. [n.]:A twist or turn of or as if of a screw. [n.]:Slang [n.]:A prison guard. [n.]:The turnkey of a jail. [n.]:Vulgar Slang The act or an instance of having sexual intercourse. [n.]:Chiefly British [n.]:Salary; wages. [n.]:A small paper packet, as of tobacco. [n.]:An old broken-down horse. [n.]:A stingy or crafty bargainer. [verb]:v.tr.To drive or tighten (a screw). [verb]:v.tr.To fasten, tighten, or attach by or as if by means of a screw. [verb]:v.tr.To attach (a tapped or threaded fitting or cap) by twisting into place. [verb]:v.tr.To rotate (a part) on a threaded axis. [verb]:v.tr.To contort (one's face). [verb]:v.tr.Slang To take advantage of; cheat. [verb]:v.tr.Vulgar Slang To have sexual intercourse with. [verb]:v.intr.To turn or twist. [verb]:v.intr.To become attached by means of the threads of a screw. [verb]:v.intr.To be capable of such attachment. [verb]:v.intr.Vulgar Slang To have sexual intercourse.
注释：jockey：n.骑师；v.用计谋获取

慢而平静地前进，慢跑	jog	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To move by shoving, bumping, or jerking; jar. [verb]:v.tr.To give a push or shake to; nudge. [verb]:v.tr.To rouse or stimulate as if by nudging. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (a horse) to move at a leisurely pace. [verb]:v.intr.To move with a jolting rhythm. [verb]:v.intr.To run or ride at a steady slow trot. [verb]:v.intr.Sports To run in such a way for sport or exercise. [verb]:v.intr.To go or travel at a slow or leisurely pace. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed in a leisurely manner. [n.]:A slight push or shake; a nudge. [n.]:A jogging movement or rhythm. [n.]:A slow steady trot. [n.]:A protruding or receding part in a surface or line. [n.]:An abrupt change in direction. [verb]:v.intr.To turn sharply; veer.
	canter	英文： [n.]:A smooth gait, especially of a horse, that is slower than a gallop but faster than a trot. [verb]:v.intr.To ride a horse at a canter. [verb]:v.intr.To go or move at a canter. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (a horse) to go at a canter.
	gait	英文： [n.]:A particular way or manner of moving on foot. [n.]:Any of the ways, such as a canter, trot, or walk, by which a horse can move by lifting the feet in different order or rhythm. [n.]:Rate or manner of proceeding. [verb]:v.tr.To train (a horse) in a particular gait or gaits.
	lope	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To run or ride with a steady, easy gait. [n.]:A steady, easy gait.
	run	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To move swiftly on foot so that both feet leave the ground during each stride. [verb]:v.intr.To move at a fast gallop. Used of a horse. [verb]:v.intr.To retreat rapidly; flee. [verb]:v.intr.To move without hindrance or restraint. [verb]:v.intr.To keep company. [verb]:v.intr.To go or move about from place to place; roam. [verb]:v.intr.To migrate, especially to move in a shoal in order to spawn. Used of fish. [verb]:v.intr.To move or go quickly; hurry. [verb]:v.intr.To go when in trouble or distress. [verb]:v.intr.To make a short, quick trip or visit. [verb]:v.intr.To take part in a race or contest. [verb]:v.intr.To compete in a race for elected office. [verb]:v.intr.To finish a race or contest in a specified position. [verb]:v.intr.To move freely, on or as if on wheels. [verb]:v.intr.To be in operation. [verb]:v.intr.To go back and forth especially on a regular basis; ply. [verb]:v.intr.Nautical To sail or steer before the wind or on an indicated course. [verb]:v.intr.To flow, especially in a steady stream. [verb]:v.intr.To emit pus, mucus, or serous fluid. [verb]:v.intr.To melt and flow. [verb]:v.intr.To spread or dissolve, as dyes in fabric. [verb]:v.intr.To extend, stretch, or reach in a certain direction or to a particular point. [verb]:v.intr.To extend, spread, or climb as a result of growing. [verb]:v.intr.To spread rapidly. [verb]:v.intr.To be valid in a given area. [verb]:v.intr.To be present as a valid accompaniment. [verb]:v.intr.To unravel along a line. [verb]:v.intr.To continue in effect or operation. [verb]:v.intr.To pass. [verb]:v.intr.To tend to persist or recur. [verb]:v.intr.To accumulate or accrue. [verb]:v.intr.To become payable. [verb]:v.intr.To take a particular form, order, or expression. [verb]:v.intr.To tend or incline. [verb]:v.intr.To occupy or exist in a certain range. [verb]:v.intr.To be presented or performed for a continuous period of time. [verb]:v.intr.To pass into a specified condition [verb]:v.tr.To travel over on foot at a pace faster than a walk. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (an animal) to move quickly or rapidly. [verb]:v.tr.To allow to move without restraint. [verb]:v.tr.To do or accomplish by or as if by running. [verb]:v.tr.To hunt or pursue; chase. [verb]:v.tr.To bring to a given condition by or as if by running. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move quickly. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to compete in or as if in a race. [verb]:v.tr.To present or nominate for elective office. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move or progress freely. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to function; operate. [verb]:v.tr.To convey or transport. [verb]:v.tr.Nautical To cause to move on a course. [verb]:v.tr.To smuggle. [verb]:v.tr.To evade and pass through. [verb]:v.tr.To pass over or through. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to flow. [verb]:v.tr.To stream with. [verb]:v.tr.Metallurgy [verb]:v.tr.To melt, fuse, or smelt (metal). [verb]:v.tr.To mold or cast (molten metal). [verb]:v.tr.To cause to extend or pass. [verb]:v.tr.To mark or trace on a surface. [verb]:v.tr.To sew with a continuous line of stitches. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to unravel along a line. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to crash or collide. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to penetrate. [verb]:v.tr.To continue to present or perform. [verb]:v.tr.To publish in a periodical. [verb]:v.tr.To subject or be subjected to. [verb]:v.tr.Games [verb]:v.tr.To score (balls or points) consecutively in billiards. [verb]:v.tr.To clear (the table) in pool by consecutive scores. [verb]:v.tr.To conduct or perform. [verb]:v.tr.Computer Science To process or execute (a program or an instruction). [verb]:v.tr.To control, manage, or direct. [n.]:A pace faster than a walk. [n.]:A fast gallop. Used of a horse. [n.]:An act of running. [n.]:A distance covered by or as if by running. [n.]:The time taken to cover such a distance. [n.]:A quick trip or visit. [n.]:Sports A running race. [n.]:A campaign for public office. [n.]:Abbr. r,r.Baseball A point scored by advancing around the bases and reaching home plate safely. [n.]:Football A player's attempt to carry the ball past or through the opposing team, usually for a specified distance. [n.]:The migration of fish, especially in order to spawn. [n.]:A group or school of fish ascending a river in order to spawn. [n.]:Unrestricted freedom or use. [n.]:A stretch or period of riding, as in a race or to the hounds. [n.]:A track or slope along or down which something can travel. [n.]:Sports A particular type of passage down a hill or across country experienced by an athlete, especially a skier or bobsledder. [n.]:Sports The distance a golf ball rolls after hitting the ground. [n.]:A scheduled or regular route. [n.]:The territory of a news reporter. [n.]:A continuous period of operation, especially of a machine or factory. [n.]:The production achieved during such a period. [n.]:A movement or flow. [n.]:The duration of such a flow. [n.]:The amount of such a flow. [n.]:A pipe or channel through which something flows. [n.]:Eastern Lower Northern U.S. See  creek [n.]:A fall or slide, as of sand or mud. [n.]:Continuous length or extent. [n.]:Geology A vein or seam, as of ore or rock. [n.]:The direction, configuration, or lie. [n.]:A trail or way made or frequented by animals. [n.]:An outdoor enclosure for domestic animals or poultry. [n.]:A length of torn or unraveled stitches in a knitted fabric. [n.]:A blemish caused by excessive paint flow. [n.]:An unbroken series or sequence. [n.]:An unbroken sequence of theatrical performances. [n.]:Music A rapid sequence of notes; a roulade. [n.]:A series of unexpected and urgent demands, as by depositors or customers. [n.]:A continuous set or sequence, as of playing cards in one suit. [n.]:A successful sequence of shots or points. [n.]:A sustained state or condition. [n.]:A trend or tendency. [n.]:The average type, group, or category. [n.]:Computer Science An execution of a specific program or instruction. [n.]:runs Slang Diarrhea. Often used with the. [adj.]:Being in a melted or molten state [adj.]:Completely exhausted from running.
	trot	英文： [n.]:The gait of a horse or other four-footed animal, between a walk and a canter in speed, in which diagonal pairs of legs move forward together. [n.]:A ride on a horse at this pace. [n.]:A gait of a person, faster than a walk; a jog. [n.]:Sports A race for trotters. [n.]:See  pony [n.]:trots Informal Diarrhea. Used with the.   [n.]:A toddler. [n.]:Archaic An old woman; a crone. [verb]:v.intr.To go or move at a trot. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed rapidly; hurry. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move at a trot.
注释：

颠簸着移动	jolt	英文： 同上
	jounce	英文： [v.intr.tr.]:To move or cause to move with bumps and jolts; bounce. [n.]:A rough, jolting movement; a jolt.
	jar	英文： 同上
	jerk	英文： 同上
	shake	英文： 同上
	startle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start. [verb]:v.tr.To alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly.See Synonyms at frighten [verb]:v.intr.To become alarmed, frightened, or surprised. [n.]:A sudden mild shock; a start.
注释：jolt：v.颠簸着移动；n.震动，摇晃

（无恶意地）戏弄，戏耍	josh	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To tease (someone) good-humoredly. [verb]:v.intr.To make or exchange good-humored jokes; banter.See Synonyms at banter [n.]:A teasing or joking remark.
	kid	英文： [n.]:A young goat. [n.]:The young of a similar animal, such as an antelope. [n.]:The flesh of a young goat. [n.]:Leather made from the skin of a young goat; kidskin. [n.]:An article made from this leather. [n.]:Informal [n.]:A child. [n.]:A young person. [n.]:Slang Pal. Used as a term of familiar address, especially for a young person. [adj.]:Made of kid. [adj.]:Informal Younger than oneself. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To mock playfully; tease.See Synonyms at banter [verb]:v.tr.To deceive in fun; fool. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To engage in teasing or good-humored fooling. [verb]:v.intr.To bear young. Used of a goat or an antelope.
	caper	英文： [n.]:A playful leap or hop. [n.]:A frivolous escapade or prank. [n.]:Slang An illegal plot or enterprise, especially one involving theft. [verb]:v.intr.To leap or frisk about; frolic. [n.]:A usually spiny Mediterranean shrub(Capparis spinosa)  having white to pale lilac flowers and dehiscent fruits with reddish pulp. [n.]:A pickled flower bud of this plant, used as a pungent condiment in sauces, relishes, and various other dishes.
	jest	英文： 同上
	monkey	英文： [n.]:Any of various long-tailed, medium-sized members of the order Primates, including the macaques, baboons, guenons, capuchins, marmosets, and tamarins and excluding the anthropoid apes and the prosimians. [n.]:One that behaves in a way suggestive of a monkey, as a mischievous child or a mimic. [n.]:The iron block of a pile driver. [n.]:Slang A person who is mocked, duped, or made to appear a fool. [n.]:Slang Drug addiction. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To play, fiddle, trifle, or tamper with something. [verb]:v.intr.To behave in a mischievous or apish manner. [verb]:v.tr.To imitate or mimic; ape.
	chaff	英文： [n.]:Botany Thin, dry bracts or scales, especially. [n.]:The dry bracts enclosing mature grains of wheat and some other cereal grasses, removed during threshing. [n.]:The scales or bracts borne on the receptacle among the small, individual flowers of many plants in the composite family. [n.]:Finely cut straw or hay used as fodder. [n.]:Trivial or worthless matter. [n.]:Strips of metal, foil, or glass fiber with a metal content, cut into various lengths and having varying frequency responses, that are used to reflect electromagnetic energy as a radar countermeasure. These materials, usually dropped from aircraft, also can be deployed from shells or rockets. [verb]:v.tr.To make fun of in a good-natured way; tease. [verb]:v.intr.To engage in playful teasing.See Synonyms at banter [n.]:Good-natured teasing; banter.
	tease	英文： 同上
	badger	英文： [n.]:Any of several carnivorous, burrowing mammals of the family Mustelidae, such as Meles meles  of Eurasia or Taxidea taxus  of North America, having short legs, long claws on the front feet, and a heavy, grizzled coat. [n.]:The fur or hair of this mammal. [n.]:Any of several similar mammals, such as the ratel. [n.]:Badger Slang A native or inhabitant of Wisconsin. [verb]:v.tr.To harry or pester persistently.See Synonyms at harass.
	rag	英文： [n.]:A scrap of cloth. [n.]:A piece of cloth used for cleaning, washing, or dusting. [n.]:rags Threadbare or tattered clothing. [n.]:Cloth converted to pulp for making paper. [n.]:A scrap; a fragment. [n.]:Slang A newspaper, especially one specializing in sensationalism or gossip. [n.]:The stringy central portion and membranous walls of a citrus fruit. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To tease or taunt.See Synonyms at banter [verb]:v.tr.Slang To berate; scold. [verb]:v.tr.Chiefly British To play a joke on. [n.]:Chiefly British A practical joke; a prank. [n.]:A roofing slate with one rough surface. [n.]:Chiefly British A coarsely textured rock. [verb]:v.tr.To compose or play (a piece) in ragtime. [n.]:A piece written in ragtime.
注释：①“戏弄” ：kid, caper, jest, monkey, chaff. ②“戏耍” ：tease, kid, badger, rag.

推挤，挤开通路	jostle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To come in rough contact while moving; push and shove. [verb]:v.intr.To make one's way by pushing or elbowing. [verb]:v.intr.To vie for an advantage or a position. [verb]:v.intr.To be in close proximity. [verb]:v.intr.To pick or try to pick pockets. [verb]:v.tr.To come into rough contact with while moving. [verb]:v.tr.To force by pushing or elbowing. [verb]:v.tr.To vie with for an advantage or a position. [verb]:v.tr.To be in close proximity with. [verb]:v.tr.To pick or try to pick the pocket of. [n.]:A rough shove or push. [n.]:The condition of being crowded together.
	bump	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To strike or collide with. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to knock against an obstacle. [verb]:v.tr.To knock to a new position; shift. [verb]:v.tr.To shake up and down; jolt. [verb]:v.tr.To displace from a position within a group or organization. [verb]:v.tr.To deprive (a passenger) of a reserved seat because of overbooking. [verb]:v.tr.To raise; boost. [verb]:v.intr.To hit or knock against something. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed with jerks and jolts. [n.]:A blow, collision, or jolt. [n.]:The sound of something bumping. [n.]:A raised or rounded spot; a bulge. [n.]:A slight swelling or lump. [n.]:Something, such as unevenness or a hole in a road, that causes a bump. [n.]:A rise or increase, as in prices or enrollment. [n.]:One of the natural protuberances on the human skull, considered to have significance in phrenology. [n.]:A forward thrust of the pelvis, as in a burlesque striptease. [n.]:Slang A shot of hard liquor, sometimes accompanied by a beer chaser.
	push	英文： 同上
	shove	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To push forward or along. [verb]:v.tr.To push rudely or roughly.See Synonyms at push [verb]:v.intr.To push someone or something with force. [n.]:The act of shoving; a push.
	thrust	英文： 同上
注释：

匆匆记下，摘要记录	jot	英文： [n.]:The smallest bit; iota. [verb]:v.tr.To write down briefly or hastily.
	note	英文： [n.]:Abbr. n.A brief record, especially one written down to aid the memory. [n.]:A brief informal letter.See Synonyms at letter [n.]:A formal written diplomatic or official communication. [n.]:A comment or an explanation, as on a passage in a text. [n.]:A piece of paper currency. [n.]:A certificate issued by a government or a bank and sometimes negotiable as money. [n.]:A promissory note. [n.]:Music [n.]:A tone of definite pitch. [n.]:A symbol for such a tone, indicating pitch by its position on the staff and duration by its shape. [n.]:A key of an instrument, such as a piano. [n.]:The characteristic vocal sound made by a songbird or other animal. [n.]:The sign of a particular quality or emotion. See Synonyms at sign [n.]:Importance; consequence. [n.]:Notice; observation. [n.]:Obsolete A song, melody, or tune. [verb]:v.tr.To observe carefully; notice.See Synonyms at see [verb]:v.tr.To make a note of; write down. [verb]:v.tr.To show; indicate. [verb]:v.tr.To make mention of; remark.
	record	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To set down for preservation in writing or other permanent form. [verb]:v.tr.To register or indicate. [verb]:v.tr.To register (sound or images) in permanent form by mechanical or electrical means for reproduction. [verb]:v.tr.To register the words, sound, appearance, or performance of by such means. [verb]:v.intr.To record something. [n.]:An account, as of information or facts, set down especially in writing as a means of preserving knowledge. [n.]:Something on which such an account is based. [n.]:Something that records. [n.]:Information or data on a particular subject collected and preserved. [n.]:The known history of performance, activities, or achievement. [n.]:An unsurpassed measurement. [n.]:Computer Science A collection of related, often adjacent items of data, treated as a unit. [n.]:Law [n.]:An account officially written and preserved as evidence or testimony. [n.]:An account of judicial or legislative proceedings written and preserved as evidence. [n.]:The documents or volumes containing such evidence. [n.]:A disk designed to be played on a phonograph. [n.]:Something, such as magnetic tape, on which sound or visual images have been recorded.
	write	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To form (letters, words, or symbols) on a surface such as paper with an instrument such as a pen. [verb]:v.tr.To spell. [verb]:v.tr.To form (letters or words) in cursive style. [verb]:v.tr.To compose and set down, especially in literary or musical form. [verb]:v.tr.To draw up in legal form; draft. [verb]:v.tr.To fill in or cover with writing. [verb]:v.tr.To express in writing; set down. [verb]:v.tr.To communicate by correspondence. [verb]:v.tr.To underwrite, as an insurance policy. [verb]:v.tr.To depict clearly; mark. [verb]:v.tr.To ordain or prophesy. [verb]:v.tr.Computer Science To record (data) on a storage device. [verb]:v.intr.To trace or form letters, words, or symbols on paper or another surface. [verb]:v.intr.To produce written material, such as articles or books. [verb]:v.intr.To compose a letter; communicate by mail.
注释：同义短语：mark down

用陶罐等炖；关押	jug	英文： [n.]:A large, often rounded vessel of earthenware, glass, or metal with a small mouth, a handle, and usually a stopper or cap. [n.]:The amount that a jug can hold. [n.]:A small pitcher. [n.]:Slang A jail. [verb]:v.tr.To stew (a hare, for example) in an earthenware jug or jar. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To put into jail.
	immure	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To confine within or as if within walls; imprison. [verb]:v.tr.To build into a wall. [verb]:v.tr.To entomb in a wall.
	imprison	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put in or as if in prison; confine.
	incarcerate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put into jail. [verb]:v.tr.To shut in; confine.
	jail	英文： [n.]:A place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention; a prison. [n.]:Detention in a jail. [n.]:n.attributive.Often used to modify another noun. [verb]:v.tr.To detain in custody; imprison.
	lag	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To fail to keep up a pace; straggle. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed or develop with comparative slowness. [verb]:v.intr.To fail, weaken, or slacken gradually; flag. [verb]:v.intr.Games To determine the order of play in billiards by successively hitting the cue ball against the end rail, the ball rebounding closest to the head rail indicating the player to shoot first. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to hang back or fall behind. [verb]:v.tr.To shoot, throw, or pitch (a coin, for example) at a mark. [n.]:The act, process, or condition of lagging. [n.]:One that lags. [n.]:A condition of slowness or retardation. [n.]:The extent or duration of lagging. [n.]:An interval between events or phenomena considered together. [n.]:A barrel stave. [n.]:A strip, as of wood, that forms a part of the covering for a cylindrical object. [verb]:v.tr.To furnish or cover with lags. [verb]:v.tr.To arrest. [verb]:v.tr.To send to prison. [n.]:A convict. [n.]:An ex-convict. [n.]:A period of imprisonment; a sentence.
	remand	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To send or order back. [verb]:v.tr.Law [verb]:v.tr.To send back to custody. [verb]:v.tr.To send back (a case) to a lower court with instructions about further proceedings.
注释：“关押” ：jail, gaol, imprison.

混杂，掺杂	jumble	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mix in a confused way; throw together carelessly. [verb]:v.tr.To muddle; confuse. [verb]:v.intr.To be mixed in a confused way. [n.]:A confused or disordered mass [n.]:A disordered state; a muddle.
	confuse	英文： 同上
	mix	英文： 同上
	muddle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make turbid or muddy. [verb]:v.tr.To mix confusedly; jumble. [verb]:v.tr.To confuse or befuddle (the mind), as with alcohol.See Synonyms at confuse [verb]:v.tr.To mismanage or bungle. [verb]:v.tr.To stir or mix (a drink) gently. [verb]:v.intr.To think, act, or proceed in a confused or aimless manner。 [n.]:A disordered condition; a mess or jumble. [n.]:Mental confusion.
	scramble	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To move or climb hurriedly, especially on the hands and knees. [verb]:v.intr.To struggle or contend frantically in order to get something. [verb]:v.intr.To take off with all possible haste, as to intercept enemy aircraft. [verb]:v.intr.Football [verb]:v.intr.To run around with the ball behind the line of scrimmage while searching for an open receiver. [verb]:v.intr.To run forward with the ball when unable to complete an intended pass play. Used of a quarterback. [verb]:v.tr.To mix or throw together haphazardly. [verb]:v.tr.To gather together in a hurried or disorderly fashion. [verb]:v.tr.To cook (beaten eggs) until firm but with a soft consistency. [verb]:v.tr.Electronics To distort or garble (a signal) so as to render it unintelligible without a special receiver. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (aircraft) to take off as fast as possible, as to intercept enemy aircraft. [n.]:The act or an instance of scrambling. [n.]:An arduous hike or climb over rough terrain. [n.]:An unceremonious scuffle or struggle. [n.]:Sports A motorcycle race over rough terrain. [n.]:A swift takeoff of military aircraft in response to an alert or an attack.
注释：jumble：vt.使混乱，混杂；vi.混杂，掺杂；n.混杂，掺杂

证明…是正当的	justify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid. [verb]:v.tr.To declare free of blame; absolve. [verb]:v.tr.Theology To free (a human being) of the guilt and penalty attached to grievous sin. Used only of God. [verb]:v.tr.Law [verb]:v.tr.To demonstrate sufficient legal reason for (an action taken). [verb]:v.tr.To prove to be qualified as a bondsman. [verb]:v.tr.Printing To adjust the spacing within (lines in a document, for example), so that the lines end evenly at a straight margin. [verb]:v.intr.Printing To be adjusted in spacing so as to end evenly at the margin.
	rationalize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make rational. [verb]:v.tr.To interpret from a rational standpoint. [verb]:v.tr.To devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (one's behavior). [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To remove radicals without changing the value of (an expression) or roots of (an equation). [verb]:v.tr.Chiefly British To bring modern, efficient methods to (an industry, for example). [verb]:v.intr.To think in a rational or rationalistic way. [verb]:v.intr.To devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for one's behavior.
	legalize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make legal or lawful; authorize or sanction by law.
	substantiate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To support with proof or evidence; verify. See Synonyms at confirm [verb]:v.tr.To give material form to; embody. [verb]:v.tr.To make firm or solid. [verb]:v.tr.To give substance to; make real or actual.
	authorize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To grant authority or power to. [verb]:v.tr.To give permission for; sanction. [verb]:v.tr.To be sufficient grounds for; justify.
	warrant	英文： [n.]:Abbr. war.,wrnt. Authorization or certification; sanction, as given by a superior. [n.]:Justification for an action or a belief; grounds. [n.]:Something that provides assurance or confirmation; a guarantee or proof. [n.]:An order that serves as authorization, especially: [n.]:A voucher authorizing payment or receipt of money. [n.]:Law A judicial writ authorizing an officer to make a search, a seizure, or an arrest or to execute a judgment. [n.]:A warrant officer. [n.]:A certificate of appointment given to a warrant officer. [verb]:v.tr.To guarantee or attest to the quality, accuracy, or condition of. [verb]:v.tr.To guarantee or attest to the character or reliability of; vouch for. [verb]:v.tr.To guarantee (a product). [verb]:v.tr.To guarantee (a purchaser) indemnification against damage or loss. [verb]:v.tr.To guarantee the immunity or security of. [verb]:v.tr.To provide adequate grounds for; justify.See Synonyms at justify [verb]:v.tr.To grant authorization or sanction to (someone); authorize or empower. [verb]:v.tr.Law To guarantee clear title to (real property).
	legitimate	英文： [adj.]:Being in compliance with the law; lawful. [adj.]:Being in accordance with established or accepted patterns and standards. [adj.]:Based on logical reasoning; reasonable. [adj.]:Authentic; genuine. [adj.]:Born of legally married parents. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or ruling by hereditary right. [adj.]:Of or relating to drama of high professional quality that excludes burlesque, vaudeville, and some forms of musical comedy. [verb]:v.tr.To make legitimate, as: [verb]:v.tr.To give legal force or status to; make lawful. [verb]:v.tr.To establish (a child born out of wedlock) as legitimate by legal means. [verb]:v.tr.To sanction formally or officially; authorize. [verb]:v.tr.To demonstrate or declare to be justified.
	legitimatize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To legitimate.
注释：①“为...辩护”释义下的同义词：defend, maintain for, champion, answer, sustain, support. ②“使合法,法律上认可,使合理,证明...是正当的”释义下的同义词：rationalize, legalize, substantiate, authorize, warrant, legitimate, legitimatize. ③ “开脱,使无罪,申明...无罪”释义下的同义词：excuse, exonerate, exculpate, just, pardon, discharge, redress, release, absolveshow, liberate, forgive, dismiss, emancipate, acquit, cause, vindicate.

并排，并置	juxtapose	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To place side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.
	collocate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To place together or in proper order; arrange side by side.
注释：

诱拐，绑架，勒赎	kidnap	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To seize and detain unlawfully and usually for ransom.
	abduct	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To carry off by force; kidnap. [verb]:v.tr.Physiology To draw away from the midline of the body or from an adjacent part or limb.
	snatch	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To grasp or seize hastily, eagerly, or suddenly. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To raise (a weight) in one quick, uninterrupted motion from the floor to a position over the lifter's head. [verb]:v.tr.To grasp or seize illicitly. [verb]:v.intr.To make grasping or seizing motions.
注释：同义短语：carry off

着火，点燃	kindle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To build or fuel (a fire). [verb]:v.tr.To set fire to; ignite. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to glow; light up. [verb]:v.tr.To arouse (an emotion, for example). [verb]:v.intr.To catch fire; burst into flame. [verb]:v.intr.To become bright; glow. [verb]:v.intr.To become inflamed. [verb]:v.intr.To be stirred up; rise. [n.]:A brood or litter, especially of kittens. See Synonyms at flock [verb]:v.intr.To give birth to young. Used especially of rabbits.
	ignite	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to burn. [verb]:v.tr.To set fire to. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to great heat, especially to make luminous by heat. [verb]:v.tr.To arouse the passions of; excite. [verb]:v.intr.To begin to burn. [verb]:v.intr.To begin to glow.
	light	英文： [n.]:Physics [n.]:Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength in the range from about 4,000 (violet) to about 7,700 (red) angstroms and may be perceived by the normal unaided human eye. [n.]:Electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. [n.]:The sensation of perceiving light; brightness. [n.]:A source of light, especially a lamp, a lantern, or an electric lighting fixture. [n.]:The illumination derived from a source of light. [n.]:The particular quantity or quality of such illumination. [n.]:The pathway or route of such illumination to a person. [n.]:A mechanical device that uses illumination as a signal or warning, especially a beacon or traffic signal. [n.]:Daylight. [n.]:Dawn; daybreak. [n.]:Something, such as a window, that admits illumination. [n.]:A source of fire, such as a match or cigarette lighter. [n.]:Spiritual awareness; illumination. [n.]:Something that provides information or clarification. [n.]:A state of awareness or understanding, especially as derived from a particular source. [n.]:Public attention; general knowledge. [n.]:A way of looking at or considering a matter; an aspect. [n.]:Archaic Eyesight. [n.]:lights One's individual opinions, choices, or standards. [n.]:A person who inspires or is adored by another. [n.]:A prominent or distinguished person; a luminary. [n.]:An expression of the eyes. [n.]:Light In Quaker doctrine, the guiding spirit or divine presence in each person. [n.]:The representation of light in art. [verb]:v.tr.To set on fire; ignite or kindle. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to give out light; make luminous. [verb]:v.tr.To provide, cover, or fill with light; illuminate. [verb]:v.tr.To signal, direct, or guide with or as if with illumination. [verb]:v.tr.To enliven or animate. [verb]:v.intr.To start to burn; be ignited or kindled. [verb]:v.intr.To emit light; be lighted. [adj.]:Color [adj.]:Having a greater rather than lesser degree of lightness. [adj.]:Of or being an additive primary color. [adj.]:Characterized by or filled with light; bright. [adj.]:Not dark in color; fair. [adj.]:Served with milk or cream. Used of coffee. [adj.]:Of relatively little weight; not heavy. [adj.]:Of relatively little weight for its size or bulk. [adj.]:Of less than the correct, standard, or legal weight. [adj.]:Exerting little force or impact; gentle. [adj.]:Of little quantity; scanty. [adj.]:Consuming or using relatively moderate amounts; abstemious. [adj.]:Not harsh or severe. [adj.]:Demanding little exertion or effort; not burdensome. See Synonyms at easy [adj.]:Having little importance; insignificant. [adj.]:Intended primarily as entertainment; not serious or profound. [adj.]:Free from worries or troubles; blithe. [adj.]:Characterized by frivolity; silly or trivial. [adj.]:Liable to change; fickle. [adj.]:Mildly dizzy or faint. [adj.]:Lacking in ethical discrimination. [adj.]:Moving easily and quickly; nimble. [adj.]:Designed for ease and quickness of movement; having a relatively slim structure and little weight. [adj.]:Designed to carry relatively little weight. [adj.]:Carrying little equipment or armament. [adj.]:Requiring relatively little equipment and using relatively simple processes to produce consumer goods. [adj.]:Easily awakened or disturbed. [adj.]:Easily digested. [adj.]:Having a spongy or flaky texture; well-leavened. [adj.]:Having a loose, porous consistency. [adj.]:Containing a relatively small amount of a potentially harmful ingredient, such as alcohol, fat, or sodium. [adj.]:Linguistics [adj.]:Of, relating to, or being a syllable ending in a short vowel or a short vowel plus a consonant. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or being a vowel or syllable pronounced with little or no stress. [adv.]:In a light manner; lightly. [adv.]:With little weight and few burdens. [verb]:v.intr.To get down, as from a vehicle or horse; dismount. [verb]:v.intr.To descend to the ground after flight; land. [verb]:v.intr.To come upon one unexpectedly. [verb]:v.intr.To come upon by chance or accident. Used with on or upon.
	provoke	英文： 同上
	trigger	英文： [n.]:The lever pressed by the finger to discharge a firearm. [n.]:A similar device used to release or activate a mechanism. [n.]:An event that precipitates other events. [n.]:Electronics A pulse or circuit that initiates the action of another component. [verb]:v.tr.To set off; initiate. [verb]:v.tr.To fire or explode (a weapon or an explosive charge).
注释：

腌制，熏制	kipper	英文： [n.]:A male salmon or sea trout during or shortly after the spawning season. [n.]:A herring or salmon that has been split, salted, and smoked. [verb]:v.tr.To prepare (fish) by splitting, salting, and smoking.
	salt	英文： [n.]:A colorless or white crystalline solid, chiefly sodium chloride, used extensively as a food seasoning and preservative.Also called  common salt ,table salt [n.]:A chemical compound formed by replacing all or part of the hydrogen ions of an acid with metal ions or electropositive radicals. [n.]:salts Any of various mineral salts used as laxatives or cathartics. [n.]:salts Smelling salts. [n.]:Often salts Epsom salts. [n.]:An element that gives flavor or zest. [n.]:Sharp, lively wit. [n.]:Informal A sailor, especially when old or experienced. [n.]:A saltcellar. [adj.]:Containing or filled with salt. [adj.]:Having a salty taste or smell. [adj.]:Preserved in salt or a salt solution. [adj.]:Flooded with seawater. [adj.]:Found in or near such a flooded area. [verb]:v.tr.To add, treat, season, or sprinkle with salt. [verb]:v.tr.To cure or preserve by treating with salt or a salt solution. [verb]:v.tr.To provide salt for (deer or cattle). [verb]:v.tr.To add zest or liveliness to. [verb]:v.tr.To give an appearance of value to by fraudulent means, especially to place valuable minerals in (a mine) for the purpose of deceiving.
注释：

揉制，捏制（面团，湿黏土等）	knead	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mix and work into a uniform mass, as by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands. [verb]:v.tr.To make or shape by or as if by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands. [verb]:v.tr.To squeeze, press, or roll with the hands, as in massaging.
	blend	英文： 同上
	combine	英文： 同上
	massage	英文： [n.]:The rubbing or kneading of parts of the body to aid circulation or relax the muscles. [verb]:v.tr.To give a massage to. [verb]:v.tr.To treat by means of a massage. [verb]:v.tr.To coddle or cajole. [verb]:v.tr.To manipulate (data, for example).
	mix	英文： 同上
注释：

密接，结合	knit	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make (a fabric or garment) by intertwining yarn or thread in a series of connected loops either by hand with knitting needles or on a machine. [verb]:v.tr.To form (yarn or thread) into fabric by intertwining. [verb]:v.tr.To join closely; unite securely. [verb]:v.tr.To draw (the brows) together in wrinkles; furrow. [verb]:v.intr.To make a fabric or garment by knitting. [verb]:v.intr.To become securely joined or mended together closely, as a fractured bone. [verb]:v.intr.To come together in wrinkles or furrows, as the brows. [n.]:A fabric or garment made by knitting. [n.]:The way in which a fabric has been knit.
	connect	英文： 同上
	fasten	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To attach firmly to something else, as by pinning or nailing. [verb]:v.tr.To make fast or secure. [verb]:v.tr.To close, as by fixing firmly in place. [verb]:v.tr.To fix or direct steadily. [verb]:v.tr.To place; attribute. [verb]:v.tr.To impose (oneself) without welcome. [verb]:v.intr.To become attached, fixed, or joined. [verb]:v.intr.To take firm hold; cling fast. [verb]:v.intr.To focus steadily; concentrate.
	join	英文： 同上
	unite	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bring together so as to form a whole. [verb]:v.tr.To combine (people) in interest, attitude, or action. [verb]:v.tr.To join (a couple) in marriage. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to adhere. [verb]:v.tr.To have or demonstrate in combination. [verb]:v.intr.To become or seem to become joined, formed, or combined into a unit. [verb]:v.intr.To join and act together in a common purpose or endeavor.See Synonyms at join [verb]:v.intr.To be or become bound together by adhesion.
注释：①“接合；结合；连接”释义下的同义词：unite, join, connect, fasten. ②knit：编织；密接，结合

编织	knit	英文： 同上
	weave	英文： 同上
	plait	英文： [n.]:A braid, especially of hair. [n.]:A pleat. [verb]:v.tr.To braid. [verb]:v.tr.To pleat. [verb]:v.tr.To make by braiding.
	braid	英文： 同上
注释：辨析：knit： 指用织钟把毛线等编织成衣物等。weave： 指用机器或手工编织物品。

撕裂；深深伤害（感情）	lacerate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To rip, cut, or tear. [verb]:v.tr.To cause deep emotional pain to; distress. [adj.]:Torn; mangled. [adj.]:Wounded. [adj.]:Having jagged, deeply cut edges.
	mangle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mutilate or disfigure by battering, hacking, cutting, or tearing.See Synonyms at batter [verb]:v.tr.To ruin or spoil through ineptitude or ignorance [n.]:A machine for pressing fabrics by means of heated rollers. [n.]:Chiefly British A clothes wringer. [verb]:v.tr.To press with a mangle.
	wound	英文： [n.]:An injury, especially one in which the skin or other external surface is torn, pierced, cut, or otherwise broken. [n.]:An injury to the feelings. [verb]:v.tr.To inflict wounds or a wound on. [verb]:v.intr.To inflict wounds or a wound. [verb]:Past tense and past participle of wind [verb]:Music A past tense and a past participle of wind.
注释：

痛打；痛骂	lambaste	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give a thrashing to; beat.See Synonyms at beat [verb]:v.tr.To scold sharply; berate.
	berate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To rebuke or scold angrily and at length.See Synonyms at scold
	cane	英文： [n.]:A slender, strong but often flexible stem, as of certain bamboos, reeds, or rattans. [n.]:A plant having such a stem. [n.]:Such stems or strips of such stems used for wickerwork or baskets. [n.]:A bamboo(Arundinaria gigantea)  native to the southeast United States, having long stiff stems and often forming canebrakes. [n.]:The stem of a raspberry, blackberry, certain roses, or similar plants. [n.]:Sugar cane. [n.]:A stick used as an aid in walking or carried as an accessory. [n.]:A rod used for flogging. [verb]:v.tr.To make, supply, or repair with flexible woody material. [verb]:v.tr.To hit or beat with a rod.
	chide	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand. [verb]:v.intr.To express disapproval.
	flog	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To beat severely with a whip or rod. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To publicize aggressively.
	jaw	英文： [n.]:Either of two bony or cartilaginous structures that in most vertebrates form the framework of the mouth and hold the teeth. [n.]:The mandible or maxilla or the part of the face covering these bones. [n.]:Either of two opposed hinged parts in a mechanical device. [n.]:jaws The walls of a pass, canyon, or cavern. [n.]:jaws A dangerous situation or confrontation. [n.]:Slang [n.]:Impudent argument or back talk. [n.]:A conversation or chat. [verb]:v.intr.To talk vociferously; jabber. 叫喊：喧嚷；吱吱喳喳地叫 [verb]:v.intr.To talk; converse.
	lambast	英文： [verb]:to assault violently :beat, whip. [verb]:to attack verbally :censure.
	lecture	英文： [n.]:Abbr. lect.An exposition of a given subject delivered before an audience or a class, as for the purpose of instruction. [n.]:An earnest admonition or reproof; a reprimand. [verb]:v.intr.To deliver a lecture or series of lectures. [verb]:v.tr.To deliver a lecture to (a class or an audience). [verb]:v.tr.To admonish or reprove earnestly, often at length.
	rag	英文： 同上
	rebuke	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To criticize or reprove sharply; reprimand.See Synonyms at admonish [verb]:v.tr.To check or repress. [n.]:A sharp reproof.
	remonstrate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof. [verb]:v.intr.To reason or plead in protest; present an objection.See Synonyms at object
	reprimand	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reprove severely, especially in a formal or official way.See Synonyms at admonish [n.]:A severe, formal, or official rebuke or censure.
	admonish	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reprove gently but earnestly. [verb]:v.tr.To counsel (another) against something to be avoided; caution. [verb]:v.tr.To remind of something forgotten or disregarded, as an obligation or a responsibility.
	scold	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reprimand or criticize harshly and usually angrily. [verb]:v.intr.To reprove or criticize openly. [n.]:One who persistently nags or criticizes.
	trounce	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To thrash; beat. [verb]:v.tr.To defeat decisively. [verb]:v.intr.To censure something or someone forcefully.
注释：同义短语：bawl out, call down, call on the carpet, chew out, chew up, dress down, have words, take to task.

讽刺	lampoon	英文： [n.]:A broad satirical piece that uses ridicule to attack a person, a group, or an institution.See Synonyms at caricature [n.]:A light, good-humored satire. [verb]:v.tr.To ridicule or satirize in or as if in a lampoon.
	burlesque	英文： [n.]:A literary or dramatic work that makes a subject appear ridiculous by treating it in an incongruous way, as by presenting a lofty subject with vulgarity or an inconsequential one with mock dignity.See Synonyms at caricature [n.]:A ludicrous or mocking imitation; a travesty. [n.]:A variety show characterized by broad ribald comedy, dancing, and striptease. [verb]:v.tr.To imitate mockingly or humorously. [verb]:v.intr.To use the methods or techniques of burlesque.
	parody	英文： [n.]:A literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule.See Synonyms at caricature [n.]:The genre of literature comprising such works. [n.]:Something so bad as to be equivalent to intentional mockery; a travesty. [n.]:Music The practice, popular in the 15th and 16th centuries, of significantly reworking an already established composition, especially the incorporation into the Mass of material borrowed from other works, such as motets or madrigals. [verb]:v.tr.To make a parody of.See Synonyms at imitate
	pasquinade	英文： [n.]:A satire or lampoon, especially one that ridicules a specific person, traditionally written and posted in a public place. [verb]:v.tr.To ridicule with a pasquinade; satirize or lampoon.
	satirise	英文： [verb]:British variant of satirize
	satirize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ridicule or attack by means of satire.
	spoof	英文： [n.]:Nonsense; tomfoolery. [n.]:A hoax. [n.]:A gentle satirical imitation; a light parody. [verb]:v.tr.To deceive. [verb]:v.tr.To do a spoof of; satirize gently.
	travesty	英文： [n.]:An exaggerated or grotesque imitation, such as a parody of a literary work. [n.]:A debased or grotesque likeness. See Synonyms at caricature [verb]:v.tr.To make a travesty of; parody or ridicule.
注释：lampoon：n.讽刺文章；v.讽刺

变得衰弱；失去活力	languish	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To be or become weak or feeble; lose strength or vigor. [verb]:v.intr.To exist or continue in miserable or disheartening conditions. [verb]:v.intr.To remain unattended or be neglected. [verb]:v.intr.To become downcast; pine. [verb]:v.intr.To affect a wistful or languid air, especially in order to gain sympathy.
	wither	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To dry up or shrivel from or as if from loss of moisture. [verb]:v.intr.To lose freshness; droop. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to shrivel or fade. [verb]:v.tr.To render speechless or incapable of action; stun.
	weaken	英文： [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become weak or weaker.
	devitalize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To diminish or destroy the strength or vitality of.
	droop	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To bend or hang downward. [verb]:v.intr.To bend or sag gradually. [verb]:v.intr.To sag in dejection or exhaustion. [verb]:v.tr.To let bend or hang down. [n.]:The act or condition of drooping.
	sag	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To sink, droop, or settle from pressure or weight. [verb]:v.intr.To lose vigor, firmness, or resilience. [verb]:v.intr.To decline, as in value or price. [verb]:v.intr.Nautical To drift to leeward. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to sag. [n.]:The act or an instance of sagging. [n.]:The degree or extent to which something sags. [n.]:A sagging area; a depression. [n.]:A temporary decline in monetary value. [n.]:Nautical A drift to leeward.
	fade	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To lose brightness, loudness, or brilliance gradually; dim. [verb]:v.intr.To lose freshness; wither. [verb]:v.intr.To lose strength or vitality; wane. [verb]:v.intr.To disappear gradually; vanish. See Synonyms at disappear [verb]:v.tr.To cause to lose brightness, freshness, or strength. [verb]:v.tr.Football To move back from the scrimmage line. Used of a quarterback. [verb]:v.tr.Games To meet the bet of (an opposing player) in dice. [n.]:A gradual diminution in the brightness or visibility of an image in cinema or television. [n.]:A periodic reduction in the received strength of a radio transmission.
	exhaust	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To wear out completely. See Synonyms at tire [verb]:v.tr.To drain of resources or properties; deplete. See Synonyms at deplete [verb]:v.tr.To use up completely. [verb]:v.tr.To treat completely; cover thoroughly. [verb]:v.tr.To draw out the contents of; drain. [verb]:v.tr.To let out or draw off. [verb]:v.intr.To escape or pass out. [n.]:The escape or release of vaporous waste material, as from an engine. [n.]:The fumes or gases so released. [n.]:A duct or pipe through which waste material is emitted. [n.]:An apparatus for drawing out noxious air or waste material by means of a partial vacuum.
	yield	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially by cultivation. [verb]:v.tr.To furnish as return for effort or investment; be productive of. [verb]:v.tr.To give over possession of, as in deference or defeat; surrender. [verb]:v.tr.To give up (an advantage, for example) to another; concede. [verb]:v.intr.To give forth a natural product; be productive. [verb]:v.intr.To produce a return for effort or investment. [verb]:v.intr.To give up, as in defeat; surrender or submit. [verb]:v.intr.To give way to pressure or force. [verb]:v.intr.To give way to argument, persuasion, influence, or entreaty. [verb]:v.intr.To give place, as to one that is superior. [n.]:An amount yielded or produced; a product. [n.]:A profit obtained from an investment; a return. [n.]:The energy released by an explosion, especially by a nuclear explosion, expressed in units of weight of TNT required to produce an equivalent release.
	fatigue	英文： [n.]:Physical or mental weariness resulting from exertion. [n.]:Something, such as tiring effort or activity, that causes weariness. [n.]:Physiology The decreased capacity or complete inability of an organism, an organ, or a part to function normally because of excessive stimulation or prolonged exertion. [n.]:The weakening or failure of a material, such as metal or wood, resulting from prolonged stress. [n.]:Manual or menial labor, such as barracks cleaning, assigned to soldiers. [n.]:fatigues Clothing worn by military personnel for labor or for field duty. [verb]:v.tr.To tire with physical or mental exertion; weary. [verb]:v.tr.To create fatigue in (a metal or other material). [verb]:v.intr.To be or become fatigued.See Synonyms at tire
	fag	英文： [n.]:A student at a British public school who is required to perform menial tasks for a student in a higher class. [n.]:A drudge. [n.]:Chiefly British Fatiguing or tedious work; drudgery. [verb]:v.intr.To work to exhaustion; toil. [verb]:v.intr.To function as the servant of another student in a British public school. [verb]:v.tr.To exhaust; weary. [n.]:Slang A cigarette. [n.]:Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a gay or homosexual man.
	ebb	英文： [n.]:Ebb tide. [n.]:A period of decline or diminution. [verb]:v.intr.To fall back from the flood stage. [verb]:v.intr.To fall away or back; decline or recede.See Synonyms at recede
	flag	英文： [n.]:A piece of cloth, usually rectangular, of distinctive color and design, used as a symbol, a standard, a signal, or an emblem. [n.]:National or other allegiance, as symbolized by a flag. [n.]:A ship carrying the flag of an admiral; a flagship. [n.]:A marking device, such as a gummed strip of paper, attached to an object to attract attention or ease identification; a tab. [n.]:The masthead of a newspaper. [n.]:Music A cross stroke added to a note that is less than a quarter note in value. [n.]:A distinctively shaped or marked tail, as of a dog or deer. [n.]:Computer Science A bit or series of bits with two stable states, used in software to indicate a single piece of information. [verb]:v.tr.To mark with a flag or flags for identification or ornamentation. [verb]:v.tr.To signal with or as if with a flag. [verb]:v.tr.To signal to stop. [n.]:A plant, such as an iris or a cattail, that has long, sword-shaped leaves. [verb]:v.intr.To hang limply; droop. [verb]:v.intr.To decline in vigor or strength. [verb]:v.intr.To decline in interest. [n.]:A flagstone. [verb]:v.tr.To pave with slabs of flagstone.
	sicken	英文： [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become sick. See Synonyms at disgust
	decline	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To express polite refusal. [verb]:v.intr.To slope downward; descend. [verb]:v.intr.To bend downward; droop. [verb]:v.intr.To degrade or lower oneself; condescend. [verb]:v.intr.To deteriorate gradually; fail. [verb]:v.intr.To sink, as the setting sun. [verb]:v.intr.To draw to a gradual close; wane. [verb]:v.tr.To refuse politely. See Synonyms at refuse [verb]:v.tr.To cause to slope or bend downward. [verb]:v.tr.Grammar To inflect (a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective) for number and case. [n.]:The process or result of declining, especially a gradual deterioration. [n.]:A downward movement. [n.]:The period when something approaches an end. [n.]:A downward slope; a declivity. [n.]:A disease that gradually weakens or wastes the body.
	wilt	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To become limp or flaccid; droop. [verb]:v.intr.To feel or exhibit the effects of fatigue or exhaustion; weaken markedly. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to droop or lose freshness. [verb]:v.tr.To deprive of energy or vigor; fatigue or exhaust. [n.]:The act of wilting or the state of being wilted. [n.]:Any of various plant diseases characterized by slow or rapid collapse of terminal shoots, branches, or entire plants. [v.aux.]:Archaic A second person singular present tense of will.
	weary	英文： [adj.]:Physically or mentally fatigued. [adj.]:Expressive of or prompted by fatigue. [adj.]:Having one's interest, forbearance, or indulgence worn out. [adj.]:Causing fatigue; tiresome. [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become weary.See Synonyms at tire
	fail	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To prove deficient or lacking; perform ineffectively or inadequately. [verb]:v.intr.To be unsuccessful. [verb]:v.intr.To receive an academic grade below the acceptable minimum. [verb]:v.intr.To prove insufficient in quantity or duration; give out. [verb]:v.intr.To fall short, as in what is expected of one. [verb]:v.intr.To decline, as in strength or effectiveness. [verb]:v.intr.To cease functioning properly. [verb]:v.intr.To become bankrupt or insolvent. [verb]:v.tr.To disappoint or prove undependable to. [verb]:v.tr.To abandon; forsake. [verb]:v.tr.To omit to perform (an expected duty, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To leave (something) undone; neglect. [verb]:v.tr.To receive an academic grade below the acceptable minimum in (a course, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To give such a grade of failure to (a student). [n.]:Failure to deliver securities to a purchaser within a specified time. [n.]:Failure to receive the proceeds of a transaction, as in the sale of stock or securities, by a specified date.
	tire	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To grow weary. [verb]:v.intr.To grow bored or impatient. [verb]:v.tr.To diminish the strength or energy of; fatigue. [verb]:v.tr.To exhaust the interest or patience of; bore. [n.]:A covering for a wheel, usually made of rubber reinforced with cords of nylon, fiberglass, or other material and filled with compressed air. [n.]:A hoop of metal or rubber fitted around a wheel. [verb]:v.tr.To adorn or attire. [n.]:Attire. [n.]:A headband or headdress.
	debilitate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To sap the strength or energy of; enervate.
	enfeeble	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deprive of strength; make feeble.
	enervate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of. See Synonyms at deplete [verb]:v.tr.Medicine To remove a nerve or part of a nerve. [adj.]:Deprived of strength; debilitated.
注释：①“凋萎,衰败”释义下的同义词：ebb, abandoned, abate, dwindle, diminish, rot. ②“变得衰弱无力,失去活力”释义下的同义词：wither, listless, weaken, downhill, devitalize, droop, sag, fade, exhaust, yield, fatigue, fag, ebb, flag, sicken, decline, wilt, weary, fail, tire, debilitate, enfeeble,enervate. ③“悲痛,伤心,绝望,忧郁,作出令人爱怜的倦态”释义下的同义词：give sigh heart, bewail, repine, mope, sulk, pine, bemoan, lament, grieve, desponddespair, lose up, mourn. ④ “晕厥,昏倒,困倦”释义下的同义词：drop, sink, fall, collapse, swoon, sleep, stagger. ⑤“渴望,焦思”释义下的同义词：hunger, pant for die, yearn, rave, cry, thirst, pine, covet.

修改，改进	mend	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make repairs or restoration to; fix. [verb]:v.tr.To reform or correct. [verb]:v.intr.To improve in health or condition. [verb]:v.intr.To heal. [verb]:v.intr.To make repairs or corrections. [n.]:The act of mending. [n.]:A mended place.
	revise	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To prepare a newly edited version of (a text). [verb]:v.tr.To reconsider and change or modify. See Synonyms at correct [n.]:A proof made from an earlier proof on which corrections have been made.
	modify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To change in form or character; alter. [verb]:v.tr.To make less extreme, severe, or strong. [verb]:v.tr.Grammar To qualify or limit the meaning of. For example,summer  modifies day  in the phrase a summer day.   [verb]:v.tr.Linguistics To change (a vowel) by umlaut. [verb]:v.intr.To be or become modified; change.
	amend	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To change for the better; improve. [verb]:v.tr.To remove the faults or errors in; correct.See Synonyms at correct [verb]:v.tr.To alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing. [verb]:v.intr.To better one's conduct; reform.
	alter	英文： 同上
	improve	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To raise to a more desirable or more excellent quality or condition; make better. [verb]:v.tr.To increase the productivity or value of (land or property). [verb]:v.tr.To put to good use; use profitably. [verb]:v.intr.To become better. [verb]:v.intr.To make beneficial additions or changes.
	better	英文： [adj.]:Greater in excellence or higher in quality than another of the same class, set, or kind. [adj.]:More useful, suitable, or desirable than another or others. [adj.]:More highly skilled or adept than another or others. [adj.]:Greater or larger. [adj.]:More advantageous or favorable than others; improved. [adj.]:Healthier or more fit than before. [adv.]:In a more excellent way. [adv.]:To a greater extent or degree. [adv.]:To greater advantage; preferably. [adv.]:More. [n.]:One that is greater in excellence or higher in quality than another or others. [n.]:A superior, as in standing, competence, or intelligence. [verb]:v.tr.To make better; improve. See Synonyms at improve [verb]:v.tr.To surpass or exceed. [verb]:v.intr.To become better. [n.]:Variant of bettor.
注释：①“修改”释义下同义词：revise, modify, amend, alter. ②“改进”释义下同义词：improve, better, make better.

值得	merit	英文： [n.]:Superior quality or worth; excellence. [n.]:A quality deserving praise or approval; virtue. [n.]:Demonstrated ability or achievement. [n.]:Often merits An aspect of character or behavior deserving approval or disapproval. [n.]:Theology Spiritual credit granted for good works. [n.]:merits [n.]:Law A party's strict legal rights, excluding jurisdictional, personal, or technical aspects. [n.]:The factual content of a matter, apart from emotional, contextual, or formal considerations. [verb]:v.tr.To earn; deserve. See Synonyms at earn [verb]:v.intr.To be worthy or deserving.
	value	英文： [n.]:Abbr. val. An amount, as of goods, services, or money, considered to be a fair and suitable equivalent for something else; a fair price or return. [n.]:Monetary or material worth. [n.]:Worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor; utility or merit. [n.]:A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable. [n.]:Precise meaning or import, as of a word. [n.]:Mathematics An assigned or calculated numerical quantity. [n.]:Music The relative duration of a tone or rest. [n.]:Color The relative darkness or lightness of a color. [n.]:Linguistics The sound quality of a letter or diphthong. [n.]:One of a series of specified values. [verb]:v.tr.To determine or estimate the worth or value of; appraise. [verb]:v.tr.To regard highly; esteem.See Synonyms at appreciate [verb]:v.tr.To rate according to relative estimate of worth or desirability; evaluate. [verb]:v.tr.To assign a value to (a unit of currency, for example).
	worth	英文： [n.]:The quality that renders something desirable, useful, or valuable. [n.]:Material or market value. [n.]:A quantity of something that may be purchased for a specified sum or by a specified means. [n.]:Wealth; riches. [n.]:Quality that commands esteem or respect; merit. [adj.]:Equal in value to something specified. [adj.]:Deserving of; meriting. [adj.]:Having wealth or riches amounting to. [verb]:v.intr.To befall; betide.
注释：merit：v.值得；n.优点

给予，分配	mete	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To distribute by or as if by measure; allot. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To measure. [n.]:A boundary line; a limit.
	allot	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To parcel out; distribute or apportion. [verb]:v.tr.To assign as a portion; allocate.
	dispense	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deal out in parts or portions; distribute.See Synonyms at distribute [verb]:v.tr.To prepare and give out (medicines). [verb]:v.tr.To administer (laws, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To exempt or release, as from a duty or religious obligation. [verb]:v.intr.To grant a dispensation or an exemption.
	distribute	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To divide and dispense in portions. [verb]:v.tr.To supply (goods) to retailers. [verb]:v.tr.To deliver or pass out. [verb]:v.tr.To spread or diffuse over an area; scatter. [verb]:v.tr.To apportion so as to be evenly spread throughout a given area. [verb]:v.tr.To separate into categories; classify. [verb]:v.tr.Logic To use (a term) so as to include all individuals or entities of a given class. [verb]:v.intr.Mathematics To be distributive.
	give	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make a present of. [verb]:v.tr.To place in the hands of; pass. [verb]:v.tr.To deliver in exchange or recompense; pay. [verb]:v.tr.To let go for a price; sell. [verb]:v.tr.To administer. [verb]:v.tr.To convey by a physical action. [verb]:v.tr.To inflict as punishment. [verb]:v.tr.Law To accord by verdict. [verb]:v.tr.To bestow, especially officially; confer. [verb]:v.tr.To accord or tender to another. [verb]:v.tr.To put temporarily at the disposal of. [verb]:v.tr.To entrust to another, usually for a specified reason. [verb]:v.tr.To convey or offer for conveyance. [verb]:v.tr.Law To execute and deliver. Used especially in the phrase give bond.   [verb]:v.tr.To endure the loss of; sacrifice. [verb]:v.tr.To devote or apply completely. [verb]:v.tr.To furnish or contribute. [verb]:v.tr.To offer in good faith; pledge. [verb]:v.tr.To allot as a portion or share. [verb]:v.tr.To bestow as a name. [verb]:v.tr.To attribute (blame, for example) to someone; assign. [verb]:v.tr.To award as due. [verb]:v.tr.To emit or utter. [verb]:v.tr.To submit for consideration, acceptance, or use. [verb]:v.tr.To proffer to another. [verb]:v.tr.To consent to engage (oneself) in sexual intercourse with a man. [verb]:v.tr.To perform for an audience. [verb]:v.tr.To present to view. [verb]:v.tr.To offer as entertainment. [verb]:v.tr.To propose as a toast. [verb]:v.tr.To be a source of; afford. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to catch or be subject to (a disease or bodily condition). [verb]:v.tr.To guide or direct, as by persuasion or behavior. Used with an infinitive phrase. [verb]:v.tr.To yield or produce. [verb]:v.tr.To bring forth or bear. [verb]:v.tr.To produce as a result of calculation. [verb]:v.tr.To manifest or show. [verb]:v.tr.To carry out (a physical movement). [verb]:v.tr.To permit one to have or take. [verb]:v.tr.To take an interest to the extent of. [verb]:v.intr.To make gifts or donations. [verb]:v.intr.To yield to physical force. [verb]:v.intr.To collapse from force or pressure. [verb]:v.intr.To yield to change. [verb]:v.intr.To afford access to or a view of; open. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To be in progress; happen. [n.]:Capacity or inclination to yield under pressure. [n.]:The quality or condition of resilience; springiness.
	grant	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To consent to the fulfillment of. [verb]:v.tr.To accord as a favor, prerogative, or privilege. [verb]:v.tr.To bestow; confer. [verb]:v.tr.To transfer (property) by a deed. [verb]:v.tr.To concede; acknowledge. [n.]:The act of granting. [n.]:Something granted. [n.]:A giving of funds for a specific purpose. [n.]:Law [n.]:A transfer of property by deed. [n.]:The property so transferred. [n.]:The deed by which the property is so transferred. [n.]:One of several tracts of land in New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont originally granted to an individual or a group.
	present	英文： [n.]:A moment or period in time perceptible as intermediate between past and future; now. [n.]:Abbr. pres.,pr.Grammar [n.]:The present tense. [n.]:A verb form in the present tense. [n.]:presents Law The document or instrument in question. [adj.]:Existing or happening now; current. [adj.]:Being at hand or in attendance. [adj.]:Existing in something specified. [adj.]:Now being considered; actually here or involved. [adj.]:Abbr. pres.,pr.Grammar Designating a verb tense or form that expresses current time. [adj.]:Archaic Readily available; immediate. [adj.]:Obsolete Alert to circumstances; attentive. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce, especially with formal ceremony. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce (a young woman) to society with conventional ceremony. [verb]:v.tr.To bring before the public. [verb]:v.tr.To make a gift or an award of. [verb]:v.tr.To make a gift to. [verb]:v.tr.To offer for observation, examination, or consideration; show or display.See Synonyms at offer [verb]:v.tr.To salute with (a weapon, such as a rifle or saber). [verb]:v.tr.Ecclesiastical To recommend (a cleric) for a benefice. [verb]:v.tr.Law [verb]:v.tr.To offer to a legislature or court for consideration. [verb]:v.tr.To bring a charge or an indictment against. [n.]:Something presented; a gift.
	share	英文： [n.]:A part or portion belonging to, distributed to, contributed by, or owed by a person or group. [n.]:An equitable portion. [n.]:Abbr. sh.,shr.Any of the equal parts into which the capital stock of a corporation or company is divided. [verb]:v.tr.To divide and parcel out in shares; apportion. [verb]:v.tr.To participate in, use, enjoy, or experience jointly with another or others. [verb]:v.tr.To accord a share in (something) to another or others. [verb]:v.intr.To have a share or part [n.]:A plowshare.
注释：①mete：v.给予，分配；测量；n.边界 ②“给予，分配”释义下同义词：allot, dispense, distribute, give, grant, deal out, hand out, present, share. ③“测量”释义下同义词：measure.

测量	mete	英文： 同上
	measure	英文： [n.]:Abbr. meas.Dimensions, quantity, or capacity as ascertained by comparison with a standard. [n.]:A reference standard or sample used for the quantitative comparison of properties. [n.]:A unit specified by a scale, such as an inch, or by variable conditions, such as a day's march. [n.]:A system of measurement, such as the metric system. [n.]:A device used for measuring. [n.]:The act of measuring. [n.]:An evaluation or a basis of comparison. See Synonyms at standard [n.]:Extent or degree. [n.]:A definite quantity that has been measured out. [n.]:A fitting amount. [n.]:A limited amount or degree. [n.]:Limit; bounds. [n.]:Appropriate restraint; moderation. [n.]:Often measures An action taken as a means to an end; an expedient. [n.]:A legislative bill or enactment. [n.]:Poetic meter. [n.]:Music The metric unit between two bars on the staff; a bar. [verb]:v.tr.To ascertain the dimensions, quantity, or capacity of. [verb]:v.tr.To mark, lay out, or establish dimensions for by measuring. [verb]:v.tr.To estimate by evaluation or comparison. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into comparison. [verb]:v.tr.To mark off or apportion, usually with reference to a given unit of measurement. [verb]:v.tr.To allot or distribute as if by measuring; mete. [verb]:v.tr.To serve as a measure of. [verb]:v.tr.To consider or choose with care; weigh. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To travel over. [verb]:v.intr.To have a measurement of. [verb]:v.intr.To take a measurement. [verb]:v.intr.To allow of measurement.
注释：①mete：v.给予，分配；测量；n.边界 ②“测量”释义下同义词：measure.

榨取	milk	英文： [n.]:A whitish liquid containing proteins, fats, lactose, and various vitamins and minerals that is produced by the mammary glands of all mature female mammals after they have given birth and serves as nourishment for their young. [n.]:The milk of cows, goats, or other animals, used as food by human beings. [n.]:A liquid, such as coconut milk, milkweed sap, plant latex, or various medical emulsions, that is similar to milk in appearance. [n.]:attributive.Often used to modify another noun. [verb]:v.tr.To draw milk from the teat or udder of (a female mammal). [verb]:v.tr.To draw or extract a liquid from. [verb]:v.tr.To press out, drain off, or remove by or as if by milking. [verb]:v.tr.Informal [verb]:v.tr.To draw out or extract something from, as if by milking. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain money or benefits from, in order to achieve personal gain; exploit. [verb]:v.intr.To yield or supply milk. [verb]:v.intr.To draw milk from a female mammal.
	suck	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To draw (liquid) into the mouth by movements of the tongue and lips that create suction. [verb]:v.tr.To draw in by establishing a partial vacuum. [verb]:v.tr.To draw in by or as if by a current in a fluid. [verb]:v.tr.To draw or pull as if by suction. [verb]:v.tr.To draw nourishment through or from. [verb]:v.tr.To hold, moisten, or maneuver (a sweet, for example) in the mouth. [verb]:v.tr.Vulgar Slang To perform fellatio on. [verb]:v.intr.To draw something in by or as if by suction. [verb]:v.intr.To draw nourishment; suckle. [verb]:v.intr.To make a sound caused by suction. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To behave obsequiously; fawn. Often used with up.   [verb]:v.intr.Vulgar Slang To be disgustingly disagreeable or offensive. [n.]:The act or sound of sucking. [n.]:Suction. [n.]:Something drawn in by sucking.
	sap	英文： [n.]:The watery fluid that circulates through a plant, carrying food and other substances to the various tissues. [n.]:The fluid contents of a plant cell vacuole. [n.]:An essential bodily fluid. [n.]:Health and energy; vitality. [n.]:Slang A gullible person; a dupe. [n.]:A leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack. [verb]:v.tr.To drain of sap. [verb]:v.tr.To hit or knock out with a sap. [n.]:A covered trench or tunnel dug to a point within an enemy position. [verb]:v.tr.To undermine the foundations of (a fortification). [verb]:v.tr.To deplete or weaken gradually; devitalize. [verb]:v.intr.To dig a sap.
	abuse	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To use wrongly or improperly; misuse. [verb]:v.tr.To hurt or injure by maltreatment; ill-use. [verb]:v.tr.To assail with contemptuous, coarse, or insulting words; revile. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To deceive or trick. [n.]:Improper use or handling; misuse. [n.]:Physical maltreatment. [n.]:A corrupt practice or custom. [n.]:Insulting or coarse language.
	bleed	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To emit or lose blood. [verb]:v.intr.To be wounded, especially in battle. [verb]:v.intr.To feel sympathetic grief or anguish. [verb]:v.intr.To exude a fluid such as sap. [verb]:v.intr.To pay out money, especially an exorbitant amount. [verb]:v.intr.To run together or be diffused, as dyes in wet cloth. [verb]:v.intr.To undergo or be subject to such a diffusion of color. [verb]:v.intr.To show through a layer of paint, as a stain or resin in wood. [verb]:v.intr.To be printed so as to go off the edge or edges of a page after trimming. [verb]:v.tr.To take or remove blood from. [verb]:v.tr.To extract sap or juice from. [verb]:v.tr.To draw liquid or gaseous contents from; drain. [verb]:v.tr.To draw off (liquid or gaseous matter) from a container. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain money from, especially by improper means. [verb]:v.tr.To drain of all valuable resources. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (an illustration, for example) to bleed. [verb]:v.tr.To trim (a page, for example) so closely as to mutilate the printed or illustrative matter. [n.]:Illustrative matter that bleeds. [n.]:A page trimmed so as to bleed. [n.]:The part of the page that is trimmed off.
	dry	英文： [adj.]:Free from liquid or moisture. [adj.]:Having or characterized by little or no rain. [adj.]:Marked by the absence of natural or normal moisture. [adj.]:Not under water. [adj.]:Having all the water or liquid drained away, evaporated, or exhausted. [adj.]:No longer yielding liquid, especially milk. [adj.]:Lacking a mucous or watery discharge. [adj.]:Not shedding tears. [adj.]:Needing or desiring drink; thirsty. [adj.]:No longer wet. [adj.]:Of or relating to solid rather than liquid substances or commodities. [adj.]:Not sweet as a result of the decomposition of sugar during fermentation. Used of wines. [adj.]:Having a large proportion of strong liquor to other ingredients. [adj.]:Eaten or served without butter, gravy, or other garnish. [adj.]:Having no adornment or coloration; plain. [adj.]:Devoid of bias or personal concern. [adj.]:Lacking tenderness, warmth, or involvement; severe. [adj.]:Matter-of-fact or indifferent in manner. [adj.]:Wearisome; dull. [adj.]:Humorous or sarcastic in a shrewd, impersonal way. [adj.]:Prohibiting or opposed to the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages. [adj.]:Unproductive of the expected results. [adj.]:Constructed without mortar or cement. [verb]:v.tr.To remove the moisture from; make dry. [verb]:v.tr.To preserve (meat or other foods, for example) by extracting the moisture. [verb]:v.intr.To become dry [n.]:A prohibitionist.
	exploit	英文： [n.]:An act or deed, especially a brilliant or heroic one.See Synonyms at feat [verb]:v.tr.To employ to the greatest possible advantage. [verb]:v.tr.To make use of selfishly or unethically. See Synonyms at manipulate [verb]:v.tr.To advertise; promote.
	squeeze	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To press hard on or together; compress. [verb]:v.tr.To press gently, as in affection. [verb]:v.tr.To exert pressure on, as by way of extracting liquid. [verb]:v.tr.To extract by or as if by applying pressure. [verb]:v.tr.To extract by dishonest means; extort. [verb]:v.tr.To oppress with burdensome demands. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain room for by pressure; cram. [verb]:v.tr.To manage to find time or space for. [verb]:v.tr.Games To force (an opponent) to use a potentially winning card in a trick he or she cannot take in bridge. [verb]:v.intr.To give way under pressure. [verb]:v.intr.To exert pressure. [verb]:v.intr.To force one's way. [n.]:The act or an instance of squeezing. [n.]:An amount squeezed out. [n.]:A handclasp or brief embrace. [n.]:A group crowded together; a crush. [n.]:Informal A squeeze play. [n.]:Financial pressure caused by shortages or narrowing economic margins. [n.]:Games A forced discard of a potentially winning card in bridge.
	extract	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To draw or pull out, using great force or effort. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain despite resistance. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain from a substance by chemical or mechanical action, as by pressure, distillation, or evaporation. [verb]:v.tr.To remove for separate consideration or publication; excerpt. [verb]:v.tr.To derive or obtain (information, for example) from a source. [verb]:v.tr.To deduce (a principle or doctrine); construe (a meaning). [verb]:v.tr.To derive (pleasure or comfort) from an experience. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To determine or calculate (the root of a number). [n.]:A passage from a literary work; an excerpt. [n.]:A concentrated preparation of the essential constituents of a food, a flavoring, or another substance; a concentrate.
	decant	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To pour off (wine, for example) without disturbing the sediment. [verb]:v.tr.To pour (a liquid) from one container into another.
注释：①“压迫，榨取”释义下的同义词：suck, sap, abuse, bleed, dry, exploit. ② “抽取，挤取”释义下的同义词：squeeze, bleed, phlebotomize out, extract, decant.

骗取（钱，情报）	milk	英文： 同上
	cheat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deceive by trickery; swindle. [verb]:v.tr.To deprive by trickery; defraud. [verb]:v.tr.To mislead; fool. [verb]:v.tr.To elude; escape. [verb]:v.intr.To act dishonestly; practice fraud. [verb]:v.intr.To violate rules deliberately, as in a game. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To be sexually unfaithful. [n.]:An act of cheating; a fraud or swindle. [n.]:One that cheats; a swindler. [n.]:Law Fraudulent acquisition of another's property. [n.]:Botany An annual European species of brome grass(Bromus secalinus)  widely naturalized in temperate regions.
	trick	英文： [n.]:An act or a procedure intended to achieve an end by deceptive or fraudulent means.See Synonyms at artifice [n.]:A mischievous action; a prank. [n.]:A stupid, disgraceful, or childish act or performance. [n.]:A peculiar trait or characteristic; a mannerism. [n.]:A peculiar event with unexpected, often deceptive results. [n.]:A deceptive or illusive appearance; an illusion. [n.]:A special skill; a knack. [n.]:A convention or specialized skill peculiar to a particular field of activity. [n.]:A feat of magic or legerdemain. [n.]:A difficult, dexterous, or clever act designed to amuse. [n.]:Games [n.]:All the cards played in a single round, one from each player. [n.]:One such round. [n.]:A period or turn of duty, as at the helm of a ship. [n.]:Slang A prison term. [n.]:Slang [n.]:An act of prostitution. [n.]:A prostitute's customer. [n.]:A session carried out by a prostitute with a client. [n.]:Slang A robbery or theft. [verb]:v.tr.intr.To cheat or deceive or to practice trickery or deception. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or involving tricks. [adj.]:Capable of performing tricks. [adj.]:Designed or made for doing a trick or tricks. [adj.]:Weak, defective, or liable to fail.
	swindle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cheat or defraud of money or property. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain by fraudulent means. [verb]:v.intr.To practice fraud as a means of obtaining money or property. [n.]:The act or an instance of swindling.
	defraud	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To take something from by fraud; swindle.
注释：“骗取”释义下的同义词：cheat, trick, swindle, defraud.

切碎	mince	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cut or chop into very small pieces. [verb]:v.tr.To subdivide (land, for example) into minute parts. [verb]:v.tr.To pronounce in an affected way, as with studied elegance and refinement. [verb]:v.tr.To moderate or restrain (words) for the sake of politeness and decorum; euphemize. [verb]:v.intr.To walk with very short steps or with exaggerated primness. [verb]:v.intr.To speak in an affected way. [n.]:Finely chopped food, especially mincemeat.
	chop	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cut by striking with a heavy, sharp tool, such as an ax. [verb]:v.tr.To shape or form by chopping. [verb]:v.tr.To cut into small pieces. [verb]:v.tr.To curtail as if by chopping. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To hit or hit at with a short, swift downward stroke. [verb]:v.intr.To make heavy, cutting strokes. [verb]:v.intr.Archaic To move roughly or suddenly. [n.]:The act of chopping. [n.]:A swift, short, cutting blow or stroke. [n.]:Sports A short, downward stroke. [n.]:A piece that has been chopped off, especially a cut of meat, usually taken from the rib, shoulder, or loin and containing a bone. [n.]:A short, irregular motion of waves. [n.]:An area of choppy water, as on an ocean. [verb]:v.intr.To change direction suddenly, as a ship in the wind. [n.]:An official stamp or permit in the Far East. [n.]:A mark stamped on goods or coins to indicate their identity or quality. [n.]:Quality; class.
	crush	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To press between opposing bodies so as to break or injure. [verb]:v.tr.To break, pound, or grind (stone or ore, for example) into small fragments or powder. [verb]:v.tr.To put down; subdue. [verb]:v.tr.To overwhelm or oppress severely. [verb]:v.tr.To crumple or rumple. [verb]:v.tr.To hug, especially with great force. [verb]:v.tr.To press upon, shove, or crowd. [verb]:v.tr.To extract or obtain by pressing or squeezing. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To drink; quaff. [verb]:v.intr.To be or become crushed. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed or move by crowding or pressing. [n.]:The act of crushing; extreme pressure. [n.]:The state of being crushed. [n.]:A great crowd. [n.]:A substance prepared by or as if by crushing, especially a fruit drink. [n.]:Informal [n.]:A usually temporary infatuation. [n.]:The object of such an infatuation. [n.]:A decisive or critical moment or situation. [n.]:The process of stamping or crushing grapes for wine.
	fragment	英文： [n.]:A small part broken off or detached. [n.]:An incomplete or isolated portion; a bit. [verb]:v.tr.To break or separate (something) into fragments. [verb]:v.intr.To become broken into fragments.
	shatter	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to break or burst suddenly into pieces, as with a violent blow. [verb]:v.tr.To damage seriously; disable. [verb]:v.tr.To cause the destruction or ruin of; destroy. [verb]:v.intr.To break into pieces; smash or burst.See Synonyms at break [n.]:The act of shattering. [n.]:The condition of being shattered. [n.]:Often shatters A splintered or fragmented condition.
	smash	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To break (something) into pieces suddenly, noisily, and violently; shatter.See Synonyms at break [verb]:v.tr.To throw or dash (something) violently so as to shatter or crush.See Synonyms at crush [verb]:v.tr.To strike with a heavy blow; batter. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To hit (a ball or shuttlecock) in a forceful overhand stroke. [verb]:v.tr.To crush or destroy completely. [verb]:v.intr.To strike or collide suddenly, noisily, and violently. [verb]:v.intr.To break suddenly into pieces, as from a violent blow or collision. [verb]:v.intr.Sports To hit a ball or shuttlecock in a forceful overhand stroke. [verb]:v.intr.To be crushed or destroyed. [verb]:v.intr.To go bankrupt. [n.]:The act or sound of smashing. [n.]:The condition of having been smashed. [n.]:Total defeat or destruction; ruin. [n.]:Financial failure; bankruptcy. [n.]:A collision or crash. [n.]:A drink made of mint, sugar, soda water, and alcoholic liquor, usually brandy. [n.]:A soft drink made of crushed fruit. [n.]:Sports A violent overhand stroke, as in tennis or badminton. [n.]:Informal A resounding success. [adj.]:Informal Of, relating to, or being a resounding success. [adv.]:With a sudden, violent crash.
注释：①“剁碎；粉碎”释义下的同义词：fragment, crush, chop, shatter, smash. ②mince：切碎；（贬）装腔作势地小步走路

误解，曲解	misconstrue	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mistake the meaning of; misinterpret.
	misapprehend	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To apprehend incorrectly; misunderstand.
	misconceive	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To interpret incorrectly; misunderstand.
	misinterpret	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To interpret inaccurately. [verb]:v.tr.To explain inaccurately.
	misunderstand	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To understand incorrectly; misinterpret.
	misperceive	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To perceive incorrectly; misunderstand.
注释：①misperceive：v.误解（但词典中没有其与misconstrue同义词的标注） ②同义短语：be amiss

误导	misdirect	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To aim (a blow or projectile, for example) badly. [verb]:v.tr.To give wrong instructions or directions to. [verb]:v.tr.To put a wrong address on (a piece of mail).
	mislead	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To lead in the wrong direction. [verb]:v.tr.To lead into error of thought or action, especially by intentionally deceiving.See Synonyms at deceive
注释：

减轻，缓和	mitigate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate.See Synonyms at relieve [verb]:v.intr.To become milder.
	palliate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make (an offense or crime) seem less serious; extenuate. [verb]:v.tr.To make less severe or intense; mitigate. [verb]:v.tr.To relieve the symptoms of a disease or disorder.
	alleviate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make (pain, for example) more bearable
	assuage	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make (something burdensome or painful) less intense or severe. See Synonyms at relieve [verb]:v.tr.To satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To pacify or calm.
	extenuate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To lessen or attempt to lessen the magnitude or seriousness of, especially by providing partial excuses.See Synonyms at palliate [verb]:v.tr.Archaic [verb]:v.tr.To make thin or emaciated. [verb]:v.tr.To reduce the strength of. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To belittle; disparage.
	relieve	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause a lessening or alleviation of. [verb]:v.tr.To free from pain, anxiety, or distress. [verb]:v.tr.To furnish assistance or aid to. [verb]:v.tr.To rescue from siege. [verb]:v.tr.To release (a person) from an obligation, a restriction, or a burden, as by law or legislation. [verb]:v.tr.To free from a specified duty by providing or acting as a substitute. [verb]:v.tr.To make less tedious, monotonous, or unpleasant. [verb]:v.tr.To make prominent or effective by contrast; set off. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To rob or deprive.
注释：palliate：v.减轻(痛苦)；掩饰(罪行)

(痛苦地/的)呻吟；(不满地/的)抱怨	moan	英文： [n.]:A low, sustained, mournful cry, usually indicative of sorrow or pain. [n.]:A similar sound. [n.]:Lamentation. [verb]:v.intr.To utter a moan or moans. [verb]:v.intr.To make a sound resembling a moan. [verb]:v.intr.To complain, lament, or grieve. [verb]:v.tr.To bewail or bemoan. verb]:v.tr.To utter with moans or a moan.
	agonize	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To suffer extreme pain or great anguish. [verb]:v.intr.To make a great effort; struggle.See Synonyms at writhe [verb]:v.tr.To cause great pain or anguish to.See Synonyms at afflict
	bawl	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To cry or sob loudly; wail. [verb]:v.intr.To cry out loudly and vehemently; shout. [verb]:v.tr.To utter in a loud, vehement voice.See Synonyms at shout [n.]:A loud, bellowing cry; a wail.
	complain	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment. [verb]:v.intr.To make a formal accusation or bring a formal charge.
	cry	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To sob or shed tears because of grief, sorrow, or pain; weep. [verb]:v.intr.To call loudly; shout. [verb]:v.intr.To utter a characteristic sound or call. Used of an animal. [verb]:v.intr.To demand or require immediate action or remedy. [verb]:v.tr.To utter loudly; call out. [verb]:v.tr.To proclaim or announce in public. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into a particular condition by weeping. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To beg for; implore. [n.]:A loud utterance of an emotion, such as fear, anger, or despair. [n.]:A loud exclamation; a shout or call. [n.]:A fit of weeping. [n.]:An urgent entreaty or appeal. [n.]:A public or general demand or complaint. [n.]:A common view or general report. [n.]:An advertising of wares by calling out. [n.]:A rallying call or signal. [n.]:A slogan, especially a political one. [n.]:The characteristic call or utterance of an animal. [n.]:The baying of hounds during the chase. [n.]:A pack of hounds. [n.]:Obsolete Clamor; outcry. [n.]:Obsolete A public announcement; a proclamation.
	groan	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To voice a deep, inarticulate sound, as of pain, grief, or displeasure. [verb]:v.intr.To make a sound expressive of stress or strain. [verb]:v.tr.To utter or express with groans or a groan. [n.]:The sound made in groaning.
	howl	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To utter or emit a long, mournful, plaintive sound. [verb]:v.intr.To cry or wail loudly, as in pain, sorrow, or anger. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To laugh heartily. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To go on a spree. [verb]:v.tr.To express or utter with a howl.See Synonyms at shout [n.]:A long, wailing cry. [n.]:Slang Something uproariously funny or absurd.
	suffer	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To feel pain or distress; sustain loss, injury, harm, or punishment. [verb]:v.intr.To tolerate or endure evil, injury, pain, or death.See Synonyms at bear [verb]:v.intr.To appear at a disadvantage. [verb]:v.tr.To undergo or sustain (something painful, injurious, or unpleasant). [verb]:v.tr.To experience; undergo. See Synonyms at experience [verb]:v.tr.To endure or bear; stand. [verb]:v.tr.To permit; allow.
	wail	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To grieve or protest loudly and bitterly; lament.See Synonyms at cry [verb]:v.intr.To make a prolonged, high-pitched sound suggestive of a cry. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To lament over; bewail. [n.]:A long, loud, high-pitched cry, as of grief or pain. [n.]:A long, loud, high-pitched sound. [n.]:A loud, bitter protest.
注释：moan：v./n.(痛苦地/的)呻吟；(不满地/的)抱怨

嘲笑；模仿地嘲弄	mock	英文： 同上
	ape	英文： [n.]:Any of various large, tailless Old World primates of the family Pongidae, including the chimpanzee, gorilla, gibbon, and orangutan. [n.]:A monkey. [n.]:A mimic or an imitator. [n.]:Informal A clumsy or boorish person. [verb]:v.tr.To mimic slavishly but often with an absurd result.See Synonyms at imitate [adj.]:Informal Completely unrestrained, especially with enthusiasm.
	deride	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth.See Synonyms at ridicule
	imitate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To use or follow as a model. [verb]:v.tr.To copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or speech of; mimic. [verb]:v.tr.To copy or use the style of. [verb]:v.tr.To copy exactly; reproduce. [verb]:v.tr.To appear like; resemble.
	jeer	英文： 同上
	mimic	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To copy or imitate closely, especially in speech, expression, and gesture; ape. [verb]:v.tr.To copy or imitate so as to ridicule; mock. See Synonyms at imitate [verb]:v.tr.To resemble closely; simulate. [verb]:v.tr.To take on the appearance of. [n.]:One who imitates, especially: [n.]:An actor or actress in a mime. [n.]:One who practices the art of mime. [n.]:One who copies or mimics others, as for amusement. [n.]:A copy or an imitation. [adj.]:Relating to, acting as, resembling, or characteristic of a mimic or mimicry. [adj.]:Tending to imitate; imitative. [adj.]:Make-believe; mock.
	ridicule	英文： [n.]:Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing. [verb]:v.tr.To expose to ridicule; make fun of.
	scoff	英文： 同上
	taunt	英文： 同上
	laugh	英文： 同上
注释：“嘲笑；模仿”释义下的同义词：laugh, scoff, ridicule, imitate, deride, ape, taunt, jeer, mimic.

使现代化	modernize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make modern in appearance, style, or character; update. [verb]:v.intr.To accept or adopt modern ways, ideas, or style.
	develop	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bring from latency to or toward fulfillment. [verb]:v.tr.To expand or enlarge. [verb]:v.tr.To aid in the growth of; strengthen. [verb]:v.tr.To improve the quality of; refine. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to become more complex or intricate; add detail and fullness to; elaborate. [verb]:v.tr.Music To elaborate (a theme) with rhythmic and harmonic variations. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into being gradually. [verb]:v.tr.To set forth or clarify by degrees: 逐步提出，逐步阐明： developed her thesis in a series of articles. [verb]:v.tr.To come to have gradually; acquire. [verb]:v.tr.To become affected with; contract. [verb]:v.tr.To cause gradually to acquire a specific role, function, or form, as: [verb]:v.tr.To influence the behavior of toward a specific end. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (a tract of land) to serve a particular purpose. [verb]:v.tr.To make available and effective to fulfill a particular end or need. [verb]:v.tr.To convert or transform. [verb]:v.tr.Games To move (a chess piece) to or toward a more strategic position. [verb]:v.tr.To process (a photosensitive material), especially with chemicals, in order to render a recorded image visible. [verb]:v.tr.To render (an image) visible by this means. [verb]:v.intr.To grow by degrees into a more advanced or mature state. See Synonyms at mature [verb]:v.intr.To increase or expand. [verb]:v.intr.To improve; advance. [verb]:v.intr.To come gradually into existence or activity. [verb]:v.intr.To come gradually to light; be disclosed. [verb]:v.intr.Biology [verb]:v.intr.To progress from earlier to later stages of a life cycle. [verb]:v.intr.To progress from earlier to later or from simpler to more complex stages of evolution.
	modernise	英文： [verb]:British variant of modernization, modernize
	overhaul	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To examine or go over carefully for needed repairs. [verb]:v.tr.To dismantle in order to make repairs. [verb]:v.tr.Nautical To slacken (a line) or to release and separate the blocks of (a tackle). [verb]:v.tr.To make extensive renovations or revisions on; renovate. [verb]:v.tr.To catch up with; overtake. [n.]:An act of overhauling. [n.]:A repair job.
注释：

修改，变更	modify	英文： 同上
	adjust	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into proper relationship. [verb]:v.tr.To adapt or conform, as to new conditions. See Synonyms at adapt [verb]:v.tr.To bring the components of into a more effective or efficient calibration or state. [verb]:v.tr.To treat disorders of (the spine) by correcting slight dislocations between vertebrae using chiropractic techniques. [verb]:v.tr.To decide how much is to be paid on (an insurance claim). [verb]:v.intr.To adapt oneself; conform. [verb]:v.intr.To achieve a psychological balance in one's life with regard to one's own needs and the needs of others.
	alter	英文： 同上
	change	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be different. [verb]:v.tr.To give a completely different form or appearance to; transform. [verb]:v.tr.To give and receive reciprocally; interchange. [verb]:v.tr.To exchange for or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category. [verb]:v.tr.To lay aside, abandon, or leave for another; switch. [verb]:v.tr.To transfer from (one conveyance) to another. [verb]:v.tr.To give or receive the equivalent of (money) in lower denominations or in foreign currency. [verb]:v.tr.To put a fresh covering on. [verb]:v.intr.To become different or undergo alteration. [verb]:v.intr.To undergo transformation or transition. [verb]:v.intr.To go from one phase to another, as the moon or the seasons. [verb]:v.intr.To make an exchange. [verb]:v.intr.To transfer from one conveyance to another. [verb]:v.intr.To put on other clothing. [verb]:v.intr.To become deeper in tone. [n.]:The act, process, or result of altering or modifying. [n.]:The replacing of one thing for another; substitution. [n.]:A transformation or transition from one state, condition, or phase to another. [n.]:Something different; variety. [n.]:A different or fresh set of clothing. [n.]:Abbr. chg. [n.]:Money of smaller denomination given or received in exchange for money of higher denomination. [n.]:The balance of money returned when an amount given is more than what is due. [n.]:Coins. [n.]:Music A pattern or order in which bells are rung. [n.]:A market or exchange where business is transacted.
	diversify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give variety to; vary [verb]:v.tr.To extend (business activities) into disparate fields. [verb]:v.tr.To distribute (investments) among different companies or securities in order to limit losses in the event of a fall in a particular market or industry. [verb]:v.intr.To spread out activities or investments, especially in business.
	fix	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To place securely; make stable or firm. See Synonyms at fasten [verb]:v.tr.To secure to another; attach. [verb]:v.tr.To put into a stable or unalterable form. [verb]:v.tr.To make (a chemical substance) nonvolatile or solid. [verb]:v.tr.Biology To convert (nitrogen) into stable, biologically assimilable compounds. [verb]:v.tr.To kill and preserve (a specimen) intact for microscopic study. [verb]:v.tr.To prevent discoloration of (a photographic image) by washing or coating with a chemical preservative. [verb]:v.tr.To direct steadily. [verb]:v.tr.To capture or hold. [verb]:v.tr.To set or place definitely; establish. [verb]:v.tr.To determine with accuracy; ascertain. [verb]:v.tr.To agree on; arrange. [verb]:v.tr.To assign; attribute. [verb]:v.tr.To correct or set right; adjust. [verb]:v.tr.To restore to proper condition or working order; repair. [verb]:v.tr.Computer Science To convert (data) from floating-point notation to fixed-point notation. [verb]:v.tr.To make ready; prepare. [verb]:v.tr.To spay or castrate (an animal). [verb]:v.tr.Informal To take revenge upon; get even with. [verb]:v.tr.To influence the outcome or actions of by improper or unlawful means. [verb]:v.intr.To direct one's efforts or attention; concentrate. [verb]:v.intr.To become stable or firm; harden. [verb]:v.intr.Chiefly Southern U.S. To be on the verge of; to be making preparations for. Used in progressive tenses with the infinitive. [n.]:The act of adjusting, correcting, or repairing. [n.]:Informal Something that repairs or restores; a solution. [n.]:The position, as of a ship or aircraft, determined by visual observations with the aid of equipment. [n.]:A clear determination or understanding. [n.]:An instance of arranging a special consideration, such as an exemption from a requirement, or an improper or illegal outcome, especially by means of bribery. [n.]:A difficult or embarrassing situation; a predicament.See Synonyms at predicament [n.]:Slang An intravenous injection of a narcotic.
	qualify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To describe by enumerating the characteristics or qualities of; characterize. [verb]:v.tr.To make competent or eligible for an office, a position, or a task. [verb]:v.tr.To declare competent or capable; certify. [verb]:v.tr.To make legally capable; license. [verb]:v.tr.To modify, limit, or restrict, as by giving exceptions. [verb]:v.tr.To make less harsh or severe; moderate.See Synonyms at moderate [verb]:v.tr.Grammar To modify the meaning of (a noun, for example). [verb]:v.intr.To be or become qualified. [verb]:v.intr.To reach the later stages of a selection process or contest by competing successfully in earlier rounds.
	vary	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make or cause changes in the characteristics or attributes of; modify or alter. [verb]:v.tr.To give variety to; make diverse. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce under new aspects; express in a different manner. [verb]:v.intr.To undergo or show change. [verb]:v.intr.To be different; deviate. See Synonyms at differ [verb]:v.intr.To undergo successive or alternate changes in attributes or qualities.
注释：

调整，调节	modulate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To adjust or adapt to a certain proportion; regulate or temper. [verb]:v.tr.To change or vary the pitch, intensity, or tone of (one's voice or a musical instrument, for example). [verb]:v.tr.Electronics [verb]:v.tr.To vary the frequency, amplitude, phase, or other characteristic of (electromagnetic waves). [verb]:v.tr.To vary (electron velocity) in an electron beam. [verb]:v.intr.Music To pass from one key or tonality to another by means of a regular melodic or chord progression. [verb]:v.intr.To sing or play with modulation.
	regulate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law. [verb]:v.tr.To adjust to a particular specification or requirement. [verb]:v.tr.To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning. [verb]:v.tr.To put or maintain in order.
	qualify	英文： 同上
注释：

调音	modulate	英文： 同上
	inflect	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To alter (the voice) in tone or pitch; modulate. [verb]:v.tr.Grammar To alter (a word) by inflection. [verb]:v.tr.To turn from a course or a specified alignment; bend. [verb]:v.intr.Grammar To be modified by inflection. [verb]:v.intr.To give all of the inflected forms of a word; to provide a paradigm.
	tone	英文： [n.]:Music [n.]:A sound of distinct pitch, quality, and duration; a note. [n.]:The interval of a major second in the diatonic scale; a whole step. [n.]:A recitational melody in a Gregorian chant. [n.]:The quality or character of sound. [n.]:The characteristic quality or timbre of a particular instrument or voice. [n.]:The pitch of a word used to determine its meaning or to distinguish differences in meaning. [n.]:The particular or relative pitch of a word, phrase, or sentence. [n.]:Manner of expression in speech or writing. [n.]:A general quality, effect, or atmosphere. [n.]:Color [n.]:A color or shade of color. [n.]:Quality of color. [n.]:The general effect in painting of light, color, and shade. [n.]:Physiology [n.]:The normal state of elastic tension or partial contraction in resting muscles. [n.]:Normal firmness of a tissue or an organ. [verb]:v.tr.To give a particular tone or inflection to. [verb]:v.tr.To soften or change the color of (a painting or photographic negative, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To sound monotonously; intone. [verb]:v.intr.To assume a particular color quality. [verb]:v.intr.To harmonize in color.
	harmonize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bring or come into agreement or harmony.See Synonyms at agree [verb]:v.tr.Music To provide harmony for (a melody). [verb]:v.intr.To be in agreement; be harmonious. [verb]:v.intr.Music To sing or play in harmony.
注释：

弄湿，使湿润	moisten	英文： [verb]:v.tr.intr.To make or become moist.
	dampen	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make damp. [verb]:v.tr.To deaden, restrain, or depress. [verb]:v.tr.To soundproof. [verb]:v.intr.To become damp.
	drizzle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To rain gently in fine, mistlike drops. [verb]:v.tr.To let fall in fine drops or particles. [verb]:v.tr.To moisten with fine drops. [n.]:A fine, gentle, misty rain.
	wash	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cleanse, using water or other liquid, usually with soap, detergent, or bleach, by immersing, dipping, rubbing, or scrubbing. [verb]:v.tr.To soak, rinse out, and remove (dirt or stain) with or as if with water. [verb]:v.tr.To make moist or wet; drench. [verb]:v.tr.To flow over, against, or past. [verb]:v.tr.To carry, erode, remove, or destroy by the action of moving water. [verb]:v.tr.To rid of corruption or guilt; cleanse or purify. [verb]:v.tr.To cover or coat with a watery layer of paint or other coloring substance. [verb]:v.tr.Chemistry [verb]:v.tr.To purify (a gas) by passing through or over a liquid, as to remove soluble matter. [verb]:v.tr.To pass a solvent, such as distilled water, through (a precipitate). [verb]:v.tr.To separate constituents of (an ore) by immersion in or agitation with water. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to undergo a swirling action. [verb]:v.intr.To cleanse something in or by means of water or other liquid. [verb]:v.intr.To undergo washing without fading or other damage. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To hold up under examination; be convincing. [verb]:v.intr.To flow, sweep, or beat with a characteristic lapping sound. [verb]:v.intr.To be carried away, removed, or drawn by the action of water. [n.]:The act or process of washing or cleansing. [n.]:A quantity of articles washed or intended for washing. [n.]:Waste liquid; swill. [n.]:Fermented liquid from which liquor is distilled. [n.]:A preparation or product used in washing or coating. [n.]:A cosmetic or medicinal liquid, such as a mouthwash. [n.]:A thin layer of water color or India ink spread on a drawing. [n.]:A light tint or hue. [n.]:A rush or surge of water or waves. [n.]:The sound of this rush or surge. [n.]:Removal or erosion of soil by the action of moving water. [n.]:A deposit of recently eroded debris. [n.]:Low or marshy ground washed by tidal waters. [n.]:A stretch of shallow water. [n.]:Western U.S. The dry bed of a stream. [n.]:Turbulence in air or water caused by the motion or action of an oar, propeller, jet, or airfoil. [n.]:Informal An activity, action, or enterprise that yields neither marked gain nor marked loss. [adj.]:Used for washing. [adj.]:Being such that washing is possible; washable.
注释：

骚扰，困扰	molest	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To disturb, interfere with, or annoy. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to unwanted or improper sexual activity.
	abuse	英文： 同上
	annoy	英文： 同上
	badger	英文： 同上
	damage	英文： [n.]:Impairment of the usefulness or value of person or property; harm. [n.]:damages Law Money ordered to be paid as compensation for injury or loss. [n.]:Informal Cost; price. [verb]:v.tr.（及物动词） To cause damage to.See Synonyms at injure [verb]:v.intr.To suffer or be susceptible to damage.
	disturb	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To break up or destroy the tranquillity or settled state of. [verb]:v.tr.To trouble emotionally or mentally; upset. [verb]:v.tr.To interfere with; interrupt. [verb]:v.tr.To intrude on; inconvenience. [verb]:v.tr.To put out of order; disarrange.
	harass	英文： 同上
	harm	英文： [n.]:Physical or psychological injury or damage. [n.]:Wrong; evil. [verb]:v.tr.To do harm to.See Synonyms at injure
	hurt	英文： 同上
	injure	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause physical harm to; hurt. [verb]:v.tr.To cause damage to; impair. [verb]:v.tr.To cause distress to; wound. [verb]:v.tr.To commit an injustice or offense against; wrong.
	mistreat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To treat roughly or wrongly; abuse.See Synonyms at abuse
	pester	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To harass with petty annoyances; bother.See Synonyms at harass
	plague	英文： [n.]:A widespread affliction or calamity, especially one seen as divine retribution. [n.]:A sudden destructive influx or injurious outbreak. [n.]:A cause of annoyance; a nuisance. [n.]:A highly infectious, usually fatal, epidemic disease, especially bubonic plague. [verb]:v.tr.To pester or annoy persistently or incessantly.See Synonyms at harass [verb]:v.tr.To afflict with or as if with a disease or calamity.
	torment	英文： [n.]:Great physical pain or mental anguish. [n.]:A source of harassment, annoyance, or pain. [n.]:The torture inflicted on prisoners under interrogation. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to undergo great physical pain or mental anguish.See Synonyms at afflict [verb]:v.tr.To agitate or upset greatly. [verb]:v.tr.To annoy, pester, or harass.
	trouble	英文： [n.]:A state of distress, affliction, danger, or need. [n.]:A cause or source of distress, disturbance, or difficulty. [n.]:An effort, especially one that causes inconvenience or bother. [n.]:A condition of pain, disease, or malfunction. [verb]:v.tr.To agitate; stir up. [verb]:v.tr.To afflict with pain or discomfort. [verb]:v.tr.To cause mental agitation or distress to; worry. [verb]:v.tr.To inconvenience; bother. [verb]:v.intr.To take pains.
	wrong	英文： [adj.]:Not in conformity with fact or truth; incorrect or erroneous. [adj.]:Contrary to conscience, morality, or law; immoral or wicked. [adj.]:Unfair; unjust. [adj.]:Not required, intended, or wanted. [adj.]:Not fitting or suitable; inappropriate or improper. [adj.]:Not in accord with established usage, method, or procedure. [adj.]:Not functioning properly; out of order. [adj.]:Unacceptable or undesirable according to social convention. [adj.]:Designating the side, as of a garment, that is less finished and not intended to show. [adv.]:In a wrong manner; mistakenly or erroneously. [adv.]:In a wrong course or direction. [adv.]:Immorally or unjustly. [adv.]:In an unfavorable way.See Synonyms at amiss [n.]:An unjust or injurious act. [n.]:Something contrary to ethics or morality. [n.]:An invasion or a violation of another's legal rights. [n.]:Law A tort.See Synonyms at injustice [n.]:The condition of being in error or at fault. [verb]:v.tr.To treat unjustly or injuriously. [verb]:v.tr.To discredit unjustly; malign. [verb]:v.tr.To treat dishonorably; violate.
	perplex	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt.See Synonyms at puzzle [verb]:v.tr.To make confusedly intricate; complicate.
	puzzle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To baffle or confuse mentally by presenting or being a difficult problem or matter. [verb]:v.tr.To clarify or solve (something confusing) by reasoning or study. [verb]:v.intr.To be perplexed. [verb]:v.intr.To ponder over a problem in an effort to solve or understand it. [n.]:A jigsaw puzzle. [n.]:Something, such as a toy or game, that tests one's ingenuity. [n.]:Something that baffles or confuses. [n.]:The condition of being perplexed; bewilderment.
	worry	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To feel uneasy or concerned about something; be troubled.See Synonyms at brood [verb]:v.intr.To pull or tear at something with or as if with the teeth. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed doggedly in the face of difficulty or hardship; struggle. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to feel anxious, distressed, or troubled.See Synonyms at trouble [verb]:v.tr.To bother or annoy, as with petty complaints. [verb]:v.tr.To seize with the teeth and shake or tug at repeatedly. [verb]:v.tr.To attack roughly and repeatedly; harass. [verb]:v.tr.To touch, move, or handle idly; toy with. [n.]:The act of worrying or the condition of being worried; persistent mental uneasiness.See Synonyms at anxiety [n.]:A source of nagging concern or uneasiness.
	persecute	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To oppress or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, sexual orientation, or beliefs. [verb]:v.tr.To annoy persistently; bother.
注释：①“骚扰”释义下的同义词：harass, molest. ②“困扰”释义下的同义词：perplex, puzzle, worry, persecute. ③“molest” 释义下的同义词： abuse, annoy, badger, damage, disturb, haras, harm, hurt, injure, mistreat, pester, plague, torment, trouble, wrong.

使息怒，使平静，安抚	mollify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To calm in temper or feeling; soothe.See Synonyms at pacify [verb]:v.tr.To lessen in intensity; temper. [verb]:v.tr.To reduce the rigidity of; soften.
	pacify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ease the anger or agitation of. [verb]:v.tr.To end war, fighting, or violence in; establish peace in.
	quell	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put down forcibly; suppress. [verb]:v.tr.To pacify; quiet.
	alleviate	英文： 同上
注释：

过分爱惜，娇惯	mollycoddle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To be overprotective and indulgent toward.See Synonyms at pamper 过分娇惯和纵容参见 pamper [n.]:A person, especially a man or a boy, who is pampered and overprotected.
	baby	英文： [n.]:A very young child; an infant. [n.]:The youngest member of a family or group. [n.]:A very young animal. [n.]:An adult or a young person who behaves in an infantile way. [n.]:Slang A girl or young woman. [n.]:Slang An object of personal concern or interest. [adj.]:Of or having to do with a baby. [adj.]:Infantile or childish. [adj.]:Small in comparison with others of the same kind. [verb]:v.tr.To treat with often inordinate indulgence and solicitude.See Synonyms at pamper
	cocker	英文： [n.]:A cocker spaniel. [n.]:A person who keeps or trains gamecocks. [n.]:A person who promotes or attends cockfights. [verb]:v.tr.To pamper, spoil, or coddle.
	coddle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cook in water just below the boiling point. [verb]:v.tr.To treat indulgently; baby. See Synonyms at pamper
	cosset	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To pamper. [n.]:A pet, especially a pet lamb.
	featherbed	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To engage in or promote featherbedding. [adj.]:Relating to or promoting featherbedding.
	indulge	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an excessive degree; humor. [verb]:v.tr.To yield to; gratify. [verb]:v.tr.To allow (oneself) unrestrained gratification. See Synonyms at pamper [verb]:v.tr.To grant an ecclesiastical indulgence or dispensation to. [verb]:v.intr.To indulge oneself. [verb]:v.intr.To engage or take part, especially freely or avidly.
	pamper	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To treat with excessive indulgence. [verb]:v.tr.To give in to; gratify.
	spoil	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To impair the value or quality of.See Synonyms at injure [verb]:v.tr.To damage irreparably; ruin. [verb]:v.tr.To impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw grievously. [verb]:v.tr.To do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of by oversolicitude, overindulgence, or excessive praise.See Synonyms at pamper [verb]:v.tr.Archaic [verb]:v.tr.To plunder; despoil. [verb]:v.tr.To take by force. [verb]:v.intr.To become unfit for use or consumption, as from decay. Used especially of perishables, such as food.See Synonyms at decay [verb]:v.intr.To pillage. [n.]:spoils spoils [n.]:Goods or property seized from a victim after a conflict, especially after a military victory. [n.]:Incidental benefits reaped by a winner, especially political patronage enjoyed by a successful party or candidate. [n.]:An object of plunder; prey. [n.]:Refuse material removed from an excavation. [n.]:Archaic The act of plundering; spoliation.
注释：mollycoddle：v.过分爱惜，娇惯；n.娇生惯养的人

熔化	molten	英文： [verb]:Archaic A past participle of melt [adj.]:Made liquid by heat; melted. [adj.]:Made by melting and casting in a mold. [adj.]:Brilliantly glowing, from or as if from intense heat.
	liquefied	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to become liquid, especially [verb]:v.tr.To melt (a solid) by heating. [verb]:v.tr.To condense (a gas) by cooling. [verb]:v.intr.To become liquid.See Synonyms at melt
	liquified	英文： [verb]:v.tr.to reduce to a liquid state. [verb]:v.intr.to become liquid.
	melt	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To be changed from a solid to a liquid state by application of heat or pressure or both. [verb]:v.intr.To dissolve. [verb]:v.intr.To disappear or vanish gradually as if by dissolving. [verb]:v.intr.To pass or merge imperceptibly into something else. [verb]:v.intr.To become softened in feeling. [verb]:v.intr.Obsolete To be overcome or crushed, as by grief, dismay, or fear. [verb]:v.tr.To change (a solid) to a liquid state by the application of heat or pressure or both. [verb]:v.tr.To dissolve. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to disappear gradually; disperse. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (units) to blend. [verb]:v.tr.To soften (someone's feelings); make gentle or tender. [n.]:A melted solid; a fused mass. [n.]:The state of being melted. [n.]:The act or operation of melting. [n.]:The quantity melted at a single operation or in one period. [n.]:A usually open sandwich topped with melted cheese. [n.]:attributive.Often used to modify another noun.
注释：molten：v.熔化；a.熔化的

垄断，独占	monopolize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To acquire or maintain a monopoly of. [verb]:v.tr.To dominate by excluding others.
	monopolise	英文： [verb]:British variant of monopolize.
	own	英文： [adj.]:Of or belonging to oneself or itself. [n.]:That which belongs to one. [verb]:v.tr.To have or possess as property. [verb]:v.tr.To have control over. [verb]:v.tr.To admit as being in accordance with fact, truth, or a claim; acknowledge. [verb]:v.intr.To make a full confession or acknowledgment.
注释：

抑郁，闷闷不乐	mope	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To be gloomy or dejected. [verb]:v.intr.To brood or sulk.See Synonyms at brood [verb]:v.intr.To move in a leisurely or aimless manner; dawdle. [n.]:A person given to gloomy or dejected moods. [n.]:mopes Low spirits; the blues. Often used with the.
	fret	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be uneasy; vex. [verb]:v.tr.To gnaw or wear away; erode. [verb]:v.tr.To produce a hole or worn spot in; corrode.See Synonyms at chafe [verb]:v.tr.To form (a passage or channel) by erosion. [verb]:v.tr.To disturb the surface of (water or a stream); agitate. [verb]:v.intr.To be vexed or troubled; worry.See Synonyms at brood [verb]:v.intr.To be worn or eaten away; become corroded. [verb]:v.intr.To move agitatedly. [verb]:v.intr.To gnaw with the teeth in the manner of a rodent. [n.]:The act or an instance of fretting. [n.]:A hole or worn spot made by abrasion or erosion. [n.]:Irritation of mind; agitation. [n.]:One of several ridges set across the fingerboard of a stringed instrument, such as a guitar. [verb]:v.tr.To provide with frets. [verb]:v.tr.To press (the strings of an instrument) against the frets. [n.]:An ornamental design consisting of repeated and symmetrical figures, often in relief, contained within a band or border. [n.]:A headdress, worn by women of the Middle Ages, consisting of interlaced wire. [verb]:v.tr.To provide with such a design or headdress.
	grieve	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be sorrowful; distress. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To hurt or harm. [verb]:v.intr.To experience or express grief.
	sorrow	英文： [n.]:Mental suffering or pain caused by injury, loss, or despair.See Synonyms at regret [n.]:A source or cause of sorrow; a misfortune. [n.]:Expression of sorrow; grieving. [verb]:v.intr.To feel or express sorrow; grieve.See Synonyms at grieve
	sulk	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in silent resentment or protest. [n.]:A mood or display of sullen aloofness or withdrawal.
注释：mope：v.抑郁，闷闷不乐 n.情绪低落

用…作抵押	mortgage	英文： [n.]:Abbr. mtg.,mtge. A temporary, conditional pledge of property to a creditor as security for performance of an obligation or repayment of a debt. [n.]:A contract or deed specifying the terms of a mortgage. [n.]:The claim of a mortgagee upon mortgaged property. [verb]:v.tr.To pledge or convey (property) by means of a mortgage. [verb]:v.tr.To make subject to a claim or risk; pledge against a doubtful outcome.
	obligate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bind, compel, or constrain by a social, legal, or moral tie.See Synonyms at force [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be grateful or indebted; oblige. [verb]:v.tr.To commit (money, for example) in order to fulfill an obligation. [adj.]:Biology Able to exist or survive only in a particular environment or by assuming a particular role. [verb]:v.tr.Absolutely indispensable; essential.
	pledge	英文： [n.]:A solemn binding promise to do, give, or refrain from doing something. [n.]:Something given or held as security to guarantee payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation. [n.]:The condition of something thus given or held. [n.]:Law [n.]:Delivery of goods or personal property as security for a debt or an obligation. [n.]:The contract by which such delivery is made. [n.]:A token or sign. [n.]:A person who has been accepted for membership in a fraternity or similar organization and has promised to join but has not yet been initiated. [n.]:The act of drinking in honor of someone; a toast. [n.]:A vow to abstain from alcoholic liquor. [verb]:v.tr.To offer or guarantee by a solemn binding promise. See Synonyms at devote [verb]:v.tr.See Synonyms at promise [verb]:v.tr.To bind or secure by or as if by a pledge. [verb]:v.tr.To deposit as security; pawn. [verb]:v.tr.To promise to join (a fraternity or similar organization). [verb]:v.tr.To accept as a prospective member of such an organization. [verb]:v.tr.To drink a toast to. [verb]:v.intr.To make a solemn binding promise; swear. [verb]:v.intr.To drink a toast.
注释：①mortgage：n.抵押贷款；抵押证书；v.用…作抵押 ②“抵押，把…当作抵押”释义下的同义词：obligate, pledge.

使屈辱，使痛心	mortify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to experience shame, humiliation, or wounded pride; humiliate. [verb]:v.tr.To discipline (one's body and physical appetites) by self-denial or self-inflicted privation. [verb]:v.intr.To practice ascetic discipline or self-denial of the body and its appetites. [verb]:v.intr.Pathology To undergo mortification; become gangrenous or necrosed.
	disgrace	英文： [n.]:Loss of honor, respect, or reputation; shame. [n.]:The condition of being strongly and generally disapproved. [n.]:One that brings disfavor or discredit. [verb]:v.tr.To bring shame or dishonor on. [verb]:v.tr.To deprive of favor or good repute; treat with disfavor.
	embarrass	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to feel self-conscious or ill at ease; disconcert. [verb]:v.tr.To involve in or hamper with financial difficulties. [verb]:v.tr.To hinder with obstacles or difficulties; impede. [verb]:v.tr.To complicate.
	humiliate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To lower the pride, dignity, or self-respect of. See Synonyms at degrade
	shame	英文： [n.]:A painful emotion caused by a strong sense of guilt, embarrassment, unworthiness, or disgrace. [n.]:Capacity for such a feeling. [n.]:One that brings dishonor, disgrace, or condemnation. [n.]:A condition of disgrace or dishonor; ignominy.See Synonyms at disgrace [n.]:A great disappointment. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to feel shame; put to shame. [verb]:v.tr.To bring dishonor or disgrace on. [verb]:v.tr.To disgrace by surpassing. [verb]:v.tr.To force by making ashamed.
	wound	英文： 同上
注释：

激发，刺激	motivate	英文： 同上
	actuate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put into motion or action. [verb]:v.tr.To move to action.
	incite	英文： 同上
	move	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To change in position from one point to another. [verb]:v.intr.To progress in sequence; go forward. [verb]:v.intr.To follow a specified course. [verb]:v.intr.To progress toward a particular state or condition. [verb]:v.intr.To go from one residence or location to another; relocate. [verb]:v.intr.To start off; depart. [verb]:v.intr.To be disposed of by sale. [verb]:v.intr.To change posture or position; stir. [verb]:v.intr.Games To change the position of a piece in a board game. [verb]:v.intr.To be put in motion or to turn according to a prescribed motion. Used of machinery. [verb]:v.intr.To exhibit great activity or energy. [verb]:v.intr.To initiate an action; act. [verb]:v.intr.To be active in a particular environment. [verb]:v.intr.To stir the emotions/ [verb]:v.intr.To make a formal motion in parliamentary procedure. [verb]:v.intr.To evacuate. Used of the bowels. [verb]:v.tr.To change the place or position of. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to go from one place to another. [verb]:v.tr.Games To change (a piece) from one position to another in a board game. [verb]:v.tr.To change the course of. [verb]:v.tr.To dislodge from a fixed point of view, as by persuasion. [verb]:v.tr.To prompt to an action; rouse. [verb]:v.tr.To set or keep in motion. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to function. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to progress or advance. [verb]:v.tr.To arouse the emotions of; affect. [verb]:v.tr.To excite or provoke to the expression of an emotion. See Synonyms at affect [verb]:v.tr.To propose or request in formal parliamentary procedure. [verb]:v.tr.To make formal application to (a court, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To dispose of by sale. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (the bowels) to evacuate. [n.]:The act or an instance of moving. [n.]:A particular manner of moving. [n.]:A change of residence or location. [n.]:Games [n.]:An act of transferring a piece from one position to another in board games. [n.]:The prescribed manner in which a piece may be played. [n.]:A participant's turn to make a play. [n.]:An action taken to achieve an objective; a maneuver.
	prompt	英文： [adj.]:Being on time; punctual. [adj.]:Carried out or performed without delay. [verb]:v.tr.To move to act; spur; incite. [verb]:v.tr.To give rise to; inspire. [verb]:v.tr.To assist with a reminder; remind. [verb]:v.tr.To assist (an actor or a reciter) by providing the next words of a forgotten passage; cue. [n.]:The act of prompting or giving a cue. [n.]:A reminder or cue. [n.]:Computer Science A symbol that appears on a monitor to indicate that the computer is ready to receive input. [n.]:Business [n.]:A prompt note. [n.]:The time limit stipulated in a prompt note.
	propel	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move forward or onward.See Synonyms at push
注释：

哀悼，哀伤	mourn	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To feel or express grief or sorrow.See Synonyms at grieve [verb]:v.intr.To show grief for a death by conventional signs, as by wearing black clothes. [verb]:v.intr.To make a low, indistinct, mournful sound. Used especially of a dove. [verb]:v.tr.To feel or express deep regret for. [verb]:v.tr.To grieve over (someone who has died). [verb]:v.tr.To utter sorrowfully.
	bemoan	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mourn over; lament. [verb]:v.tr.To express pity or grief for.
	bewail	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cry over; lament. [verb]:v.tr.To express sorrow or unhappiness over.
	grieve	英文： 同上
	lament	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To express grief for or about; mourn. [verb]:v.tr.To regret deeply; deplore. [verb]:v.intr.To grieve audibly; wail. [verb]:v.intr.To express sorrow or regret. See Synonyms at grieve [n.]:A feeling or an expression of grief; a lamentation. [n.]:A song or poem expressing deep grief or mourning.
	sorrow	英文： 同上
注释：

施肥	muck	英文： [n.]:A moist, sticky mixture, especially of mud and filth. [n.]:Moist farmyard dung; manure. [n.]:Dark, fertile soil containing decaying vegetable matter. [n.]:Something filthy or disgusting. [n.]:Earth, rocks, or clay excavated in mining. [verb]:v.tr.To fertilize with manure or compost. [verb]:v.tr.To make dirty with or as if with muck. [verb]:v.tr.To remove muck or dirt from (a mine, for example).
	manure	英文： [n.]:Material, especially barnyard or stable dung, often with discarded animal bedding, used to fertilize soil. [verb]:v.tr.To fertilize (soil) by applying material such as barnyard dung.
	fertilize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause the fertilization of (an ovum, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To make (soil, for example) fertile. [verb]:v.tr.To spread fertilizer on. [verb]:v.intr.To spread fertilizer.
注释：muck：n.堆肥，粪肥 v.施肥；捣乱

捣乱	muck	英文： 同上
	mire	英文： [n.]:An area of wet, soggy, muddy ground; a bog. [n.]:Deep, slimy soil or mud. [n.]:A disadvantageous or difficult condition or situation. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to sink or become stuck in or as if in mire. [verb]:v.tr.To hinder, entrap, or entangle as if in mire. [verb]:v.tr.To soil with mud or mire. [verb]:v.intr.To sink or become stuck in mire.
	trouble	英文： 同上
注释：muck：n.堆肥，粪肥 v.施肥；捣乱

使声音降低；裹住	muffle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To wrap up, as in a blanket or shawl, for warmth, protection, or secrecy. [verb]:v.tr.To wrap or pad in order to deaden the sound. [verb]:v.tr.To deaden (a sound). [verb]:v.tr.To make vague or obscure. [verb]:v.tr.To repress; stifle. [n.]:Something that muffles. [n.]:A kiln or part of a kiln in which pottery can be fired without being exposed to direct flame. [n.]:The fleshy, hairless snout of certain mammals, such as ruminants.
	cushion	英文： [n.]:A pad or pillow with a soft filling, used for resting, reclining, or kneeling. [n.]:Something resilient used as a rest, support, or shock absorber. [n.]:A mat placed or attached beneath carpeting to provide softness and increase durability. [n.]:A padlike body part. [n.]:Games The rim bordering the playing surface of a billiard table. [n.]:A pillow used in lacemaking. [n.]:Something that mitigates or relieves an adverse effect. [verb]:v.tr.To provide with a cushion. [verb]:v.tr.To place or seat on a cushion. [verb]:v.tr.To cover or hide (something) with or as if with a cushion. [verb]:v.tr.To protect from impacts or other disturbing effects. [verb]:v.tr.To mitigate the effects of; absorb the shock of.
	deaden	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To render less intense, sensitive, or vigorous. [verb]:v.tr.To make soundproof. [verb]:v.tr.To make less colorful or brilliant. [verb]:v.intr.To become dead. [verb]:v.intr.To lose vigor, brilliance, or liveliness.
	dull	英文： [adj.]:Intellectually weak or obtuse; stupid. [adj.]:Lacking responsiveness or alertness; insensitive. [adj.]:Dispirited; depressed. [adj.]:Not brisk or rapid; sluggish. [adj.]:Not having a sharp edge or point; blunt. [adj.]:Not intensely or keenly felt. [adj.]:Arousing no interest or curiosity; boring. [adj.]:Not bright or vivid. Used of a color. [adj.]:Cloudy or overcast. [adj.]:Not clear or resonant. [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become dull.
	mute	英文： [adj.]:Refraining from producing speech or vocal sound. [adj.]:Unable to speak. [adj.]:Unable to vocalize, as certain animals.See Synonyms at dumb [adj.]:Expressed without speech; unspoken. [adj.]:Law Refusing to plead when under arraignment. [adj.]:Linguistics [adj.]:Not pronounced; silent, as thee  in the word house.   [adj.]:Pronounced with a temporary stoppage of breath, as the sounds (p) and (b); plosive; stopped. [n.]:Offensive One who is incapable of speech. [n.]:Law A defendant who refuses to plead when under arraignment. [n.]:Music Any of various devices used to muffle or soften the tone of an instrument. [n.]:Linguistics [n.]:A silent letter. [n.]:A plosive; a stop. [verb]:v.tr.To soften or muffle the sound of. [verb]:v.tr.To soften the tone, color, shade, or hue of.
	silence	英文： [n.]:The condition or quality of being or keeping still and silent. [n.]:The absence of sound; stillness. [n.]:A period of time without speech or noise. [n.]:Refusal or failure to speak out. [verb]:v.tr.To make silent or bring to silence. [verb]:v.tr.To curtail the expression of; suppress.
	smother	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To suffocate (another). [verb]:v.tr.To deprive (a fire) of the oxygen necessary for combustion. [verb]:v.tr.To conceal, suppress, or hide. [verb]:v.tr.To cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff. [verb]:v.tr.To lavish a surfeit of a given emotion on (someone). [verb]:v.intr.To suffocate. [verb]:v.intr.To be extinguished. [verb]:v.intr.To be concealed or suppressed. [verb]:v.intr.To be surfeited with an emotion. [n.]:Something, such as a dense cloud of smoke or dust, that smothers or tends to smother.
	soften	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make soft or softer. [verb]:v.tr.To undermine or reduce the strength, morale, or resistance of. [verb]:v.tr.To make less harsh, strident, or critical. [verb]:v.intr.To become soft or softer.
	stifle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To keep in or hold back; repress. See Synonyms at suppress [verb]:v.tr.To kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate. [verb]:v.intr.To feel smothered or suffocated by or as if by close confinement in a stuffy room. [verb]:v.intr.To die of suffocation. [n.]:The joint of the hind leg analogous to the human knee in certain quadrupeds, such as the horse.
	suppress	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put an end to forcibly; subdue. [verb]:v.tr.To curtail or prohibit the activities of. [verb]:v.tr.To keep from being revealed, published, or circulated. [verb]:v.tr.To deliberately exclude (unacceptable desires or thoughts) from the mind. [verb]:v.tr.To inhibit the expression of (an impulse, for example); check. [verb]:v.tr.To reduce the incidence or severity of (a hemorrhage or a cough, for example); arrest.
注释：“变弱；缓和” 释义下的同义词：soften, mute, suppress, silence, dull, stifle, deaden, smother, cushion.

思考，思索	mull	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To heat and spice (wine, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To go over extensively in the mind; ponder. [verb]:v.intr.To ruminate; ponder [n.]:A soft, thin muslin used in dresses and for trimmings.
	think	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have or formulate in the mind. [verb]:v.tr.To reason about or reflect on; ponder. [verb]:v.tr.To decide by reasoning, reflection, or pondering. [verb]:v.tr.To judge or regard; look upon. [verb]:v.tr.To believe; suppose. [verb]:v.tr.To expect; hope. [verb]:v.tr.To intend. [verb]:v.tr.To call to mind; remember. [verb]:v.tr.To visualize; imagine. [verb]:v.tr.To devise or evolve; invent. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation. [verb]:v.tr.To concentrate one's thoughts on. [verb]:v.intr.To exercise the power of reason, as by conceiving ideas, drawing inferences, and using judgment. [verb]:v.intr.To weigh or consider an idea. [verb]:v.intr.To bring a thought to mind by imagination or invention. [verb]:v.intr.To recall a thought or an image to mind. [verb]:v.intr.To believe; suppose. [verb]:v.intr.To have care or consideration. [verb]:v.intr.To dispose the mind in a given way. [adj.]:Informal Requiring much thought to create or assimilate. [n.]:The act or an instance of deliberate or extended thinking; a meditation.
	ponder	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To weigh in the mind with thoroughness and care. [verb]:v.intr.To reflect or consider with thoroughness and care.
	reflect	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To throw or bend back (light, for example) from a surface.See Synonyms at echo [verb]:v.tr.To form an image of (an object); mirror. [verb]:v.tr.To manifest as a result of one's actions. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To bend back. [verb]:v.intr.To be bent back. [verb]:v.intr.To give back a likeness. [verb]:v.intr.To think seriously.See Synonyms at think . [verb]:v.intr.To express carefully considered thoughts.
注释：①mull：v.思考，思索；n.混乱 ②“思考”释义下的同义词：think, reflect on, ponder, reflect. ③“思索”释义下的同义词：ponder

大量增加；繁殖	multiply	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To increase the amount, number, or degree of. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To perform multiplication on. [verb]:v.intr.To grow in amount, number, or degree.See Synonyms at increase [verb]:v.intr.To breed or propagate. [verb]:v.intr.Mathematics To perform multiplication. [adv.]:In many or multiple ways.
	advance	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To move or cause to move forward. [verb]:v.tr.To put forward; propose or suggest. [verb]:v.tr.To aid the growth or progress of. [verb]:v.tr.To raise in rank; promote. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to occur sooner. [verb]:v.tr.To raise in amount or rate; increase. [verb]:v.tr.To pay (money or interest) before due. [verb]:v.tr.To supply or lend, especially on credit. [verb]:v.tr.To serve as an advance person for (a trip to be made by a politician or a dignitary). [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To lift. [verb]:v.intr.To go or move forward or onward. [verb]:v.intr.To move against another, as when attacking. [verb]:v.intr.To make progress; improve. [verb]:v.intr.To rise in rank, position, or value. [verb]:v.intr.To serve as an advance person for a trip to be made by a politician or a dignitary. [n.]:The act or process of moving or going forward. [n.]:A forward move, as toward an objective; progress. [n.]:An increase of price or value. [n.]:advances Opening approaches made to secure acquaintance, favor, or an agreement; overtures. [n.]:The furnishing of funds or goods on credit. [n.]:The funds or goods so furnished; a loan. [n.]:Payment of money before due. [adj.]:Made or given ahead of time. [adj.]:Going before, in front, or forward.
	gain	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To come into possession or use of; acquire. [verb]:v.tr.To attain in competition or struggle; win. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain through effort or merit; achieve. [verb]:v.tr.To secure as profit or reward; earn. [verb]:v.tr.To manage to achieve an increase of. [verb]:v.tr.To increase by (a specific amount). [verb]:v.tr.To come to; reach. See Synonyms at reach [verb]:v.tr.To become fast by (a specified amount of time). Used of a timepiece. [verb]:v.intr.To increase; grow. [verb]:v.intr.To become better; improve. [verb]:v.intr.To obtain a profit or advantage; benefit. [verb]:v.intr.To close a gap; get closer. [verb]:v.intr.To increase a lead. [verb]:v.intr.To put on weight. [verb]:v.intr.To operate or run fast. Used of a timepiece. [n.]:Something gained or acquired. [n.]:Progress; advancement. [n.]:The act of acquiring; attainment. [n.]:An increase in amount or degree. [n.]:Electronics An increase in signal power, voltage, or current by an amplifier, expressed as the ratio of output to input.Also called  amplification [n.]:A notch or mortise cut into a board to receive another part. [verb]:v.tr.To cut out a gain in. [verb]:v.tr.To join by or fit into a gain.
	increase	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To become greater or larger. [verb]:v.intr.To multiply; reproduce. [verb]:v.tr.To make greater or larger. [n.]:The act of increasing. [n.]:The amount or rate by which something is increased. [n.]:Obsolete Reproduction and spread; propagation.
	procreate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To beget and conceive (offspring). [verb]:v.tr.To produce or create; originate. [verb]:v.intr.To beget and conceive offspring; reproduce.
	rise	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To assume a standing position after lying, sitting, or kneeling. [verb]:v.intr.To get out of bed. [verb]:v.intr.To move from a lower to a higher position; ascend. [verb]:v.intr.To increase in size, volume, or level. [verb]:v.intr.To increase in number, amount, or value. [verb]:v.intr.To increase in intensity, force, or speed. [verb]:v.intr.To increase in pitch or volume. [verb]:v.intr.To appear above the horizon. [verb]:v.intr.To extend upward; be prominent. [verb]:v.intr.To slant or slope upward. [verb]:v.intr.To come into existence; originate. [verb]:v.intr.To be erected. [verb]:v.intr.To appear at the surface of the water or the earth; emerge. [verb]:v.intr.To puff up or become larger; swell up. [verb]:v.intr.To become stiff and erect. [verb]:v.intr.To attain a higher status. [verb]:v.intr.To become apparent to the mind or senses. [verb]:v.intr.To uplift oneself to meet a demand or challenge. [verb]:v.intr.To return to life. [verb]:v.intr.To rebel. [verb]:v.intr.To close a session of an official assembly; adjourn. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to rise. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (a distant object at sea) to become visible above the horizon by advancing closer. [n.]:The act of rising; ascent. [n.]:The degree of elevation or ascent. [n.]:The appearance of the sun or other celestial body above the horizon. [n.]:An increase in height, as of the level of water. [n.]:A gently sloped hill. [n.]:A long, broad elevation that slopes gently from the earth's surface or the ocean floor. [n.]:An origin, a beginning, or a source. [n.]:Occasion or opportunity. [n.]:The emergence of a fish seeking food or bait at the water's surface. [n.]:An increase in price, worth, quantity, or degree. [n.]:An increase in intensity, volume, or pitch. [n.]:Elevation in status, prosperity, or importance. [n.]:The height of a flight of stairs or of a single riser. [n.]:Chiefly British An increase in salary or wages; a raise. [n.]:Informal An angry or irritated reaction.
注释：multiply：乘；大量增加；繁殖

咕哝，含糊不清地说	mumble	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or partially closing the mouth. [verb]:v.tr.To chew slowly or ineffectively without or as if without teeth. [verb]:v.intr.To speak words indistinctly, as by lowering the voice or partially closing the mouth. [verb]:v.intr.To chew food slowly or ineffectively, as if with the gums. [n.]:A low, indistinct sound or utterance.
	mutter	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To speak indistinctly in low tones. [verb]:v.intr.To complain or grumble morosely. [verb]:v.tr.To utter or say in low, indistinct tones. [n.]:A low grumble or indistinct utterance.
注释：mutter：v.小声咕哝，嘀咕

用力咀嚼，出声咀嚼	munch	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To chew food audibly or with a steady working of the jaws. [verb]:v.intr.To eat with pleasure. [verb]:v.tr.To chew or eat (food) audibly or with pleasure.
	crunch	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To chew with a noisy crackling sound. [verb]:v.tr.To crush, grind, or tread noisily. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To perform operations on; manipulate or process (numerical or mathematical data). [verb]:v.intr.To chew noisily with a crackling sound. [verb]:v.intr.To move with a crushing sound. [verb]:v.intr.To produce or emit a crushing sound. [n.]:The act or sound of crunching. [n.]:A decisive confrontation. [n.]:A critical moment or situation, especially one that occurs because of a shortage of time or resources. [n.]:A period of financial difficulty characterized by tight money and unavailability of credit.
注释：

低声地说，喃喃而言	murmur	英文： [n.]:A low, indistinct, continuous sound. [n.]:An indistinct, whispered, or confidential complaint; a mutter. [n.]:Medicine An abnormal sound, usually emanating from the heart, that sometimes indicates a diseased condition. [verb]:v.intr.To make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or succession of sounds. [verb]:v.intr.To complain in low mumbling tones; grumble. [verb]:v.tr.To say in a low indistinct voice; utter indistinctly.
	mutter	英文： 同上
	whisper	英文： [n.]:Soft speech produced without full voice. [n.]:Something uttered very softly. [n.]:A secretly or surreptitiously expressed belief, rumor, or hint. [n.]:A low rustling sound. [verb]:v.intr.To speak softly. [verb]:v.intr.To speak quietly and privately, as by way of gossip, slander, or intrigue. [verb]:v.intr.To make a soft rustling sound. [verb]:v.tr.To utter very softly. [verb]:v.tr.To say or tell privately or secretly.
注释：

沉思，冥想	muse	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To be absorbed in one's thoughts; engage in meditation.See Synonyms at ponder [verb]:v.tr.To consider or say thoughtfully. [n.]:A state of meditation.
	consider	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To think carefully about. [verb]:v.tr.To think or deem to be; regard as.See Usage Note at as [verb]:v.tr.To form an opinion about; judge. [verb]:v.tr.To take into account; bear in mind. [verb]:v.tr.To show consideration for. [verb]:v.tr.To esteem; regard. [verb]:v.tr.To look at thoughtfully. [verb]:v.intr.To think carefully; reflect.
	contemplate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To look at attentively and thoughtfully.See Synonyms at see [verb]:v.tr.To consider carefully and at length; meditate on or ponder. [verb]:v.tr.To have in mind as an intention or possibility. [verb]:v.intr.To ponder; meditate.
	deliberate	英文： [adj.]:Done with or marked by full consciousness of the nature and effects; intentional. [adj.]:Arising from or marked by careful consideration. See Synonyms at voluntary [adj.]:Unhurried in action, movement, or manner, as if trying to avoid error. See Synonyms at slow [verb]:v.intr.To think carefully and often slowly, as about a choice to be made. [verb]:v.intr.To consult with another or others in a process of reaching a decision. [verb]:v.tr.To consider (a matter) carefully and often slowly, as by weighing alternatives.See Synonyms at ponder
	dream	英文： [n.]:A series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations occurring involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. [n.]:A daydream; a reverie. [n.]:A state of abstraction; a trance. [n.]:A wild fancy or hope. [n.]:A condition or achievement that is longed for; an aspiration. [n.]:One that is exceptionally gratifying, excellent, or beautiful. [verb]:v.intr.To experience a dream in sleep. [verb]:v.intr.To daydream. [verb]:v.intr.To have a deep aspiration. [verb]:v.intr.To regard something as feasible or practical. [verb]:v.tr.To experience a dream of while asleep. [verb]:v.tr.To conceive of; imagine. [verb]:v.tr.To pass (time) idly or in reverie.
	envision	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To picture in the mind; imagine.
	ponder	英文： 同上
	reflect	英文： 同上
	think	英文： 同上
注释：

（生）变异	mutate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.tr.To undergo or cause to undergo mutation.
注释：

(贬)不断挑剔或批评某人；不断烦扰或伤害某人	nag	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging. [verb]:v.tr.To torment persistently, as with anxiety or pain. [verb]:v.intr.To scold, complain, or find fault constantly. [verb]:v.intr.To be a constant source of anxiety or annoyance. [n.]:One who nags. [n.]:A horse, especially. [n.]:An old or worn-out horse. [n.]:Slang A racehorse. [n.]:Archaic A small saddle horse or pony.
	annoy	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts. [verb]:v.tr.To harass or disturb by repeated attacks. [verb]:v.intr.To be annoying.
	bother	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To disturb or anger, especially by minor irritations; annoy.See Synonyms at annoy [verb]:v.tr.To make agitated or nervous; fluster. [verb]:v.tr.To make confused or perplexed; puzzle. [verb]:v.tr.To intrude on without invitation or warrant; disturb. [verb]:v.tr.To give trouble to. [verb]:v.intr.To take the trouble; concern oneself. [verb]:v.intr.To cause trouble. [n.]:A cause or state of disturbance. [interj.]:Used to express annoyance or mild irritation.
	pester	英文： 同上
注释：

变窄	narrow	英文： [adj.]:Of small or limited width, especially in comparison with length. [adj.]:Limited in area or scope; cramped. [adj.]:Lacking flexibility; rigid. [adj.]:Barely sufficient; close. [adj.]:Painstakingly thorough or attentive; meticulous. [adj.]:Linguistics Tense. [verb]:v.tr.To reduce in width or extent; make narrower. [verb]:v.tr.To limit or restrict. [verb]:v.intr.To become narrower; contract. [n.]:A part of little width, as a pass through mountains. [n.]:narrows (used with a sing. or pl. verb) [n.]:A body of water with little width that connects two larger bodies of water. [n.]:A part of a river or an ocean current that is not wide.
	close	英文： [adj.]:Being near in space or time. [adj.]:Being near in relationship. [adj.]:Bound by mutual interests, loyalties, or affections; intimate. [adj.]:Having little or no space between elements or parts; tight and compact. [adj.]:Being near the surface; short. [adj.]:Being on the brink of. [adj.]:Decided by a narrow margin; almost even. [adj.]:Faithful to the original. [adj.]:Rigorous; thorough. [adj.]:Shut; closed. [adj.]:Shut in; enclosed. [adj.]:Confining or narrow; crowded. [adj.]:Fitting tightly. [adj.]:Lacking fresh air; stuffy. [adj.]:Confined to specific persons or groups. [adj.]:Strictly confined or guarded. [adj.]:Hidden from view; secluded. [adj.]:Secretive; reticent. [adj.]:Giving or spending with reluctance; stingy. [adj.]:Not easily acquired; scarce. [adj.]:Linguistics Pronounced with the tongue near the palate, as the ee  in meet.  Used of vowels. [adj.]:Marked by more rather than less punctuation, especially commas. [verb]:v.tr.To move (a door, for example) so that an opening or passage is covered or obstructed; shut. [verb]:v.tr.To bar access to. [verb]:v.tr.To fill or stop up. [verb]:v.tr.To stop the operations of permanently or temporarily. [verb]:v.tr.To bring to an end; terminate. [verb]:v.tr.To bring together all the elements or parts of. [verb]:v.tr.To join or unite; bring into contact. [verb]:v.tr.To draw or bind together the edges of. [verb]:v.tr.To complete the final details or negotiations on. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To enclose on all sides. [verb]:v.intr.To become shut. [verb]:v.intr.To come to an end; finish. [verb]:v.intr.To reach an agreement; come to terms. [verb]:v.intr.To cease operation. [verb]:v.intr.To engage at close quarters. [verb]:v.intr.To draw near. [verb]:v.intr.To come together. [n.]:The act of closing. [n.]:A conclusion; a finish. [n.]:Music The concluding part of a phrase or theme; a cadence. [n.]:An enclosed place, especially land surrounding or beside a cathedral or other building. [n.]:Chiefly British A narrow way or alley. [n.]:Archaic A fight at close quarters. [adv.]:In a close position or manner; closely.
	confine	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To keep within bounds; restrict. See Synonyms at limit [verb]:v.tr.To shut or keep in, especially to imprison. [verb]:v.tr.To restrict in movement [verb]:v.intr.Archaic To border. [n.]:confines [n.]:The limits of a space or an area; the borders. [n.]:Restraining elements. [n.]:Purview; scope. [n.]:Archaic A restriction. [n.]:Obsolete A prison.
	cramp	英文： [n.]:A sudden, involuntary, spasmodic muscular contraction causing severe pain, often occurring in the leg or shoulder as the result of strain or chill. [n.]:A temporary partial paralysis of habitually or excessively used muscles. [n.]:cramps Spasmodic contractions of the uterus, such as those occurring during menstruation or labor, usually causing pain in the abdomen that may radiate to the lower back and thighs. [verb]:v.tr.To affect with or as if with a cramp. [verb]:v.intr.To suffer from or experience cramps.
	limit	英文： [n.]:Abbr. lim.The point, edge, or line beyond which something cannot or may not proceed. [n.]:limits The boundary surrounding a specific area; bounds. [n.]:A confining or restricting object, agent, or influence. [n.]:The greatest or least amount, number, or extent allowed or possible. [n.]:Games The largest amount which may be bet at one time in games of chance. [n.]:Informal One that approaches or exceeds certain limits, as of credibility, forbearance, or acceptability. [verb]:v.tr.To confine or restrict within a boundary or bounds. [verb]:v.tr.To fix definitely; to specify.
	restrict	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To keep or confine within limits.See Synonyms at limit
注释：narrow：adj.狭窄的；狭隘的 v.变窄

使作呕，使厌恶	nauseate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.tr.To feel or cause to feel nausea. [verb]:v.intr.tr.To feel or cause to feel loathing or disgust.See Synonyms at disgust. See Usage Note at nauseous
	disgust	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To excite nausea or loathing in; sicken. [verb]:v.tr.To offend the taste or moral sense of; repel. [n.]:Profound aversion or repugnance excited by something offensive.
	revolt	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To attempt to overthrow the authority of the state; rebel. [verb]:v.intr.To oppose or refuse to accept something. [verb]:v.intr.To feel disgust or repugnance. [verb]:v.intr.To turn away in revulsion or abhorrence. [verb]:v.tr.To fill with disgust or abhorrence; repel.See Synonyms at disgust [n.]:An uprising, especially against state authority; a rebellion.See Synonyms at rebellion [n.]:An act of protest or rejection. [n.]:The state of a person or persons in rebellion.
	sicken	英文： [verb]:v.tr.intr. To make or become sick. See Synonyms at disgust
注释：同义短语：churn up, turn one’s stomach.

航海，导航	navigate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To plan, record, and control the course and position of (a ship or an aircraft). [verb]:v.tr.To follow a planned course on, across, or through. [verb]:v.intr.To control the course of a ship or an aircraft. [verb]:v.intr.To voyage over water in a boat or ship; sail. [verb]:v.intr.To make one's way. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To walk.
	cruise	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To sail or travel about, as for pleasure or reconnaissance. [verb]:v.intr.To go or move along, especially in an unhurried or unconcerned fashion. [verb]:v.intr.To travel at a constant speed, or at a speed providing maximum operating efficiency for a sustained period. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To move leisurely about an area in the hope of discovering something. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To look for a sexual partner, as in a public place. [verb]:v.intr.To inspect a wooded area to determine its lumber yield. [verb]:v.tr.To travel about or journey over. [verb]:v.tr.Slang [verb]:v.tr.To look in (a public area) for a sexual partner. [verb]:v.tr.To seek out and make a sexual overture to. [verb]:v.tr.To inspect in order to determine lumber yield. [n.]:The act or an instance of cruising, especially a sea voyage for pleasure.
	guide	英文： [n.]:One who shows the way by leading, directing, or advising. [n.]:One who serves as a model for others, as in a course of conduct. [n.]:A person employed to conduct others, as through a museum, and give information about points of interest encountered. [n.]:Something, such as a pamphlet, that offers basic information or instruction. [n.]:A guidebook. [n.]:Something that serves to direct or indicate. [n.]:A device, such as a ruler, tab, or bar, that serves as an indicator or acts to regulate a motion or operation. [n.]:A soldier stationed at the right or left of a column of marchers to control alignment, show direction, or mark the point of pivot. [verb]:v.tr.To serve as a guide for; conduct. [verb]:v.tr.To direct the course of; steer. [verb]:v.tr.To exert control or influence over. [verb]:v.tr.To supervise the training or education of. [verb]:v.intr.To serve as a guide.
	sail	英文： [n.]:Nautical [n.]:A piece of fabric sewn together and fitted to the spars and rigging of a vessel so as to convert the force of the wind into forward motion of the vessel. [n.]:The sails of a ship or boat. [n.]:The superstructure of a submarine. [n.]:pl.sailor sails  Nautical A sailing vessel. [n.]:Nautical A trip or voyage in a sailing craft. [n.]:Something, such as the blade of a windmill, that resembles a sail in form or function. [verb]:v.intr.Nautical [verb]:v.intr.To move across the surface of water, especially by means of a sailing vessel. [verb]:v.intr.To travel by water in a vessel. [verb]:v.intr.To start out on such a voyage or journey. [verb]:v.intr.To operate a sailing craft, especially for sport. [verb]:v.intr.To move swiftly, smoothly, or effortlessly. [verb]:v.tr.Nautical To navigate or manage (a vessel). [verb]:v.tr.To voyage upon or across.
	steer	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To guide by means of a device such as a rudder, paddle, or wheel. [verb]:v.tr.To direct the course of. [verb]:v.tr.To maneuver (a person) into a place or course of action.See Synonyms at guide [verb]:v.intr.To guide a vessel or vehicle. [verb]:v.intr.To follow or move in a set course. [verb]:v.intr.To admit of being steered or guided. [n.]:A piece of advice. [n.]:A young ox, especially one castrated before sexual maturity and raised for beef.
注释：

拒绝，说不	naysay	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To say no to; deny or oppose.
	decline	英文： 同上
	repel	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ward off or keep away; drive back. [verb]:v.tr.To offer resistance to; fight against. [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to accept; reject. [verb]:v.tr.To turn away from; spurn. [verb]:v.tr.To cause aversion or distaste in. See Synonyms at disgust. See Usage Note at repulse [verb]:v.tr.To be resistant to; be incapable of absorbing or mixing with. [verb]:v.tr.Physics To present an opposing force to; push back or away by a force. [verb]:v.intr.To offer a resistant force to something. [verb]:v.intr.To cause aversion or distaste.
	repudiate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reject the validity or authority of. [verb]:v.tr.To reject emphatically as unfounded, untrue, or unjust. [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to recognize or pay. [verb]:v.tr.To disown (a child, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to have any dealings with.
	negative	英文： [adj.]:Abbr. neg.Expressing, containing, or consisting of a negation, refusal, or denial. [adj.]:Indicating opposition or resistance. [adj.]:Having no positive features. [adj.]:Marked by or exhibiting features, such as hostility, that cannot be deemed positive or constructive. [adj.]:Medicine Not indicating the presence of microorganisms, disease, or a specific condition. [adj.]:Logic Designating a proposition that denies agreement between a subject and its predicate. [adj.]:Mathematics [adj.]:Relating to or designating a quantity less than zero. [adj.]:Relating to or designating the sign (0). [adj.]:Relating to or designating a quantity to be subtracted from another. [adj.]:Relating to or designating a quantity, a number, an angle, a velocity, or a direction in a sense opposite to another of the same magnitude indicated or understood to be positive. [adj.]:Physics [adj.]:Relating to or designating an electric charge of the same sign as that of an electron, indicated by the symbol (-). [adj.]:Relating to or designating a body having an excess of electrons. [adj.]:Chemistry Of or designating an ion, the anion, that is attracted to a positive electrode. [adj.]:Biology Moving or turning away from a stimulus, such as light. [n.]:A statement or an act indicating or expressing a contradiction, denial, or refusal.See Usage Note at affirmative [n.]:A statement or an act that is highly critical of another or of others. [n.]:Something that lacks all positive, affirmative, or encouraging features; an element that is the counterpoint of the positive. [n.]:A feature or characteristic that is not deemed positive, affirmative, or desirable. [n.]:Grammar A word or part of a word, such as no, not,  or non-,  that indicates negation. See Usage Note at double negative [n.]:The side in a debate that contradicts or opposes the question being debated. [n.]:An image in which the light areas of the object rendered appear dark and the dark areas appear light. [n.]:A film, plate, or other photographic material containing such an image. [n.]:Mathematics A negative quantity. [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to approve; veto. [verb]:v.tr.To deny; contradict.See Synonyms at deny [verb]:v.tr.To demonstrate to be false; disprove. [verb]:v.tr.To counteract or neutralize.
	deny	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To declare untrue; contradict. [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to believe; reject. [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to recognize or acknowledge; disavow. [verb]:v.tr.To decline to grant or allow; refuse. [verb]:v.tr.To give a refusal to; turn down or away. [verb]:v.tr.To restrain (oneself) especially from indulgence in pleasures.
	disclaim	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deny or renounce any claim to or connection with; disown. [verb]:v.tr.To deny the validity of; repudiate. [verb]:v.tr.Law To renounce one's right or claim to. [verb]:v.intr.Law To renounce a right or claim.
	exclude	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To prevent from entering; keep out; bar. [verb]:v.tr.To prevent from being included, considered, or accepted; reject. [verb]:v.tr.To put out; expel.
	nix	英文： [n.]:Mythology A water sprite of German mythology, usually in human form or half-human and half-fish. [n.]:Nothing. [adv.]:Not so; no. [verb]:v.tr.To forbid, refuse, or veto.
	object	英文： [n.]:Something perceptible by one or more of the senses, especially by vision or touch; a material thing. [n.]:A focus of attention, feeling, thought, or action. [n.]:The purpose, aim, or goal of a specific action or effort. [n.]:Abbr. obj.Grammar [n.]:A noun or substantive that receives or is affected by the action of a verb within a sentence. [n.]:A noun or substantive following and governed by a preposition. [n.]:Philosophy Something intelligible or perceptible by the mind. [verb]:v.intr.To present a dissenting or opposing argument; raise an objection. [verb]:v.intr.To be averse to or express disapproval of something. [verb]:v.tr.To put forward in or as a reason for opposition; offer as criticism.
	refuse	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To indicate unwillingness to do, accept, give, or allow. [verb]:v.tr.To indicate unwillingness (to do something). [verb]:v.tr.To decline to jump (an obstacle). Used of a horse. [verb]:v.intr.To decline to do, accept, give, or allow something. [n.]:Items or material discarded or rejected as useless or worthless; trash or rubbish.
	reject	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to accept, submit to, believe, or make use of. [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to consider or grant; deny. [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to recognize or give affection to (a person).See Synonyms at refuse [verb]:v.tr.To discard as defective or useless; throw away. [verb]:v.tr.To spit out or vomit. [verb]:v.tr.Medicine To resist immunologically the introduction of (a transplanted organ or tissue); fail to accept as part of one's own body. [n.]:One that has been rejected.
注释：“拒绝”释义下的同义词：decline, repel, repudiate, negative, deny, disclaim, exclude, nix, object, refuse, reject.

取消	negate	英文： 同上
	neutralize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make neutral. [verb]:v.tr.To counterbalance or counteract the effect of; render ineffective. [verb]:v.tr.To declare neutral and therefore inviolable during a war. [verb]:v.tr.Chemistry [verb]:v.tr.To make (a solution) neutral. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (an acid or a base) to undergo neutralization. [verb]:v.tr.Medicine To counteract the effect of (a drug or toxin). [verb]:v.tr.Slang To remove as a threat, especially by killing.
	neutralise	英文： [verb]:British variant of neutralize.
	nullify	英文： 同上
注释：negate：取消，使无效；否认

否认	negate	英文： 同上
	contradict	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To assert or express the opposite of (a statement). [verb]:v.tr.To deny the statement of.See Synonyms at deny [verb]:v.tr.To be contrary to; be inconsistent with. [verb]:v.intr.To utter a contradictory statement.
	repudiate	英文： 同上
	deny	英文： 同上
	disaffirm	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deny or contradict.See Synonyms at deny [verb]:v.tr.Law To repudiate.
	disavow	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with.
	contravene	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To act or be counter to; violate. [verb]:v.tr.To oppose in argument; gainsay.
	belie	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To picture falsely; misrepresent. [verb]:v.tr.To show to be false. [verb]:v.tr.To be counter to; contradict.
注释：negate：取消，使无效；否认

协商，商定，议定	negotiate	英文： 同上
	arbitrate	英文： 同上
	arrange	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put into a specific order or relation; dispose. [verb]:v.tr.To plan or prepare for. [verb]:v.tr.To bring about an agreement concerning; settle. [verb]:v.tr.Music To reset (a composition) for other instruments or voices or for another style of performance. [verb]:v.intr.To come to an agreement. [verb]:v.intr.To make preparations; plan.
	intervene	英文： 同上
	mediate	英文： 同上
	referee	英文： 同上
	settle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put into order; arrange or fix definitely as desired. [verb]:v.tr.To put firmly into a desired position or place; establish. [verb]:v.tr.To establish as a resident or residents. [verb]:v.tr.To establish residence in; colonize. [verb]:v.tr.To establish in a residence, business, or profession. [verb]:v.tr.To restore calmness or comfort to. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to sink, become compact, or come to rest. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (a liquid) to become clear by forming a sediment. [verb]:v.tr.To subdue or make orderly. [verb]:v.tr.To establish on a permanent basis; stabilize. [verb]:v.tr.To make compensation for (a claim). [verb]:v.tr.To pay (a debt). [verb]:v.tr.To conclude (a dispute, for example) by a final decision. [verb]:v.tr.To decide (a lawsuit) by mutual agreement of the involved parties without court action. [verb]:v.tr.Law To secure or assign (property or title) by legal action. [verb]:v.intr.To discontinue moving and come to rest in one place. [verb]:v.intr.To move downward; sink or descend, especially gradually. [verb]:v.intr.To become clear by the sinking of suspended particles. Used of liquids. [verb]:v.intr.To be separated from a solution or mixture as a sediment. [verb]:v.intr.To become compact by sinking, as sediment when stirred up. [verb]:v.intr.To establish one's residence. [verb]:v.intr.To become established or localized. [verb]:v.intr.To reach a decision; determine. See Synonyms at decide [verb]:v.intr.To provide compensation for a claim. [verb]:v.intr.To pay a debt. n.（名词） A long wooden bench with a high back, often including storage space beneath the seat.
	umpire	英文： 同上
注释：同义短语：talk over

给予力量或勇气	nerve	英文： [verb]:英译
注释：①nerve：n.勇气；神经；v.给予力量或勇气 ②courage, bravery, backbone, nerve这些名词都可表示“勇气，胆量”之意。 courage： 普通用词。指面对危险或困难时无所畏惧的精神和敢于奋斗的进取心。 bravery： 指在危险中表现出的无所畏惧精神或在逆境中仍能坚持下去的毅力。 backbone： 指性格倔强，意志坚定，有骨气，有顽强的决心去做某事。 nerve： 侧重指面临危险或在冒险的情况下具有冷静、清醒的头脑和坚定无畏的勇气。

烦扰，激恼	nettle	英文： 同上
	anger	英文： 同上
	annoy	英文： 同上
	disturb	英文： 同上
	irritate	英文： 同上
	provoke	英文： 同上
	vex	英文： 同上
注释：nettle：n.荨麻；v.烦忧，激恼

使无效；中和	neutralize	英文： 同上
	counteract	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary action; check.See Synonyms at neutralize
	counterbalance	英文： [n.]:A force or influence equally counteracting another. [n.]:A weight that acts to balance another; a counterpoise or counterweight. [verb]:v.tr.To act as a counteracting force, influence, or weight to; counterpoise. [verb]:v.tr.To oppose with an equal force; offset.
	countervail	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To act against with equal force; counteract. [verb]:v.tr.To compensate for; offset. [verb]:v.intr.To act against an often detrimental influence or power.
	liquidate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To pay off (a debt, a claim, or an obligation); settle. [verb]:v.tr.To settle the affairs of (a business firm, for example) by determining the liabilities and applying the assets to their discharge. [verb]:v.tr.To convert (assets) into cash. [verb]:v.tr.To put an end to; abolish. [verb]:v.tr.To put to death; kill. [verb]:v.intr.To settle a debt, a claim, or an obligation. [verb]:v.intr.To settle the affairs of a business or an estate by disposing of its assets and liabilities.See Synonyms at eliminate
	negate	英文： 同上
	neutralise	英文： 同上
	nullify	英文： 同上
	waste	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To use, consume, spend, or expend thoughtlessly or carelessly. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to lose energy, strength, or vigor; exhaust, tire, or enfeeble. [verb]:v.tr.To fail to take advantage of or use for profit; lose. [verb]:v.tr.To destroy completely. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To kill; murder. [verb]:v.intr.To lose energy, strength, weight, or vigor; become weak or enfeebled. [verb]:v.intr.To pass without being put to use. [n.]:The act or an instance of wasting or the condition of being wasted. [n.]:A place, region, or land that is uninhabited or uncultivated; a desert or wilderness. [n.]:A devastated or destroyed region, town, or building; a ruin. [n.]:A useless or worthless byproduct, as from a manufacturing process. [n.]:Something, such as steam, that escapes without being used. [n.]:Garbage; trash. [n.]:The undigested residue of food eliminated from the body; excrement. [adj.]:Regarded or discarded as worthless or useless. [adj.]:Used as a conveyance or container for refuse. [adj.]:Excreted from the body.
注释：

一点点地咬，慢慢啃	nibble	英文： [verb]:英译
	chew	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bite and grind with the teeth; masticate. [verb]:v.tr.To meditate on; ponder. [verb]:v.intr.To make a crushing and grinding motion with the teeth.See Regional Note at chaw [verb]:v.intr.To cogitate; meditate. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To use chewing tobacco. [n.]:The act of chewing. [n.]:Something held in the mouth and chewed, especially a plug of tobacco.
	munch	英文： 同上
注释：

拘泥小节；小气地给	niggle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To be preoccupied with trifles or petty details. [verb]:v.intr.To find fault constantly and trivially; carp.See Synonyms at quibble
	bicker	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To engage in a petty, bad-tempered quarrel; squabble.See Synonyms at argue [verb]:v.intr.To flicker; quiver. [n.]:A petty quarrel; a squabble.
	brabble	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To quarrel noisily, especially over a small matter; wrangle. [n.]:A petty dispute; a squabble.
	fret	英文： 同上
	fuss	英文： [n.]:Needlessly nervous or useless activity; commotion. [n.]:A state of excessive and unwarranted concern over an unimportant matter. [n.]:An objection; a protest. [n.]:A quarrel. [n.]:A display of affectionate excitement and attention. [verb]:v.intr.To trouble or worry over trifles. [verb]:v.intr.To be excessively careful or solicitous. [verb]:v.intr.To get into or be in a state of nervous or useless activity. [verb]:v.intr.To object; complain. [verb]:v.tr.To disturb or vex with unimportant matters.
	pettifog	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To act like a pettifogger.See Synonyms at quibble
	quibble	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To evade the truth or importance of an issue by raising trivial distinctions and objections. [verb]:v.intr.To find fault or criticize for petty reasons; cavil. [n.]:A petty distinction or an irrelevant objection. [n.]:Archaic A pun.
	squabble	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To engage in a disagreeable argument, usually over a trivial matter; wrangle.See Synonyms at argue [n.]:A noisy quarrel, usually about a trivial matter.
注释：

小口啜饮	nip	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To seize and pinch or bite. [verb]:v.tr.To remove or sever by pinching or snipping. [verb]:v.tr.To bite or sting with the cold; chill. [verb]:v.tr.To check or cut off the growth or development of. See Synonyms at blast [verb]:v.tr.Slang [verb]:v.tr.To snatch up hastily. [verb]:v.tr.To take (the property of another) unlawfully; steal. [verb]:v.intr.Chiefly British [n.]:The act or an instance of seizing or pinching. [n.]:A pinch or snip that cuts off or removes a small part. [n.]:The small bit or portion so removed. [n.]:A sharp, stinging quality, as of frosty air. [n.]:Severely sharp cold or frost. [n.]:A cutting remark. [n.]:A sharp, biting flavor; a tang [n.]:A small amount of liquor. [verb]:v.tr.To sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts. [verb]:v.intr.To take a sip or sips of alcoholic liquor.
	drink	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To take into the mouth and swallow (a liquid). [verb]:v.tr.To swallow the liquid contents of (a vessel). [verb]:v.tr.To take in or soak up; absorb. [verb]:v.tr.To take in eagerly through the senses or intellect. [verb]:v.tr.To give or make (a toast). [verb]:v.tr.To toast (a person or an occasion, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To bring to a specific state by drinking alcoholic liquors. [verb]:v.intr.To swallow liquid. [verb]:v.intr.To imbibe alcoholic liquors. [verb]:v.intr.To salute a person or an occasion with a toast. [n.]:A liquid that is fit for drinking; a beverage. [n.]:An amount of liquid swallowed. [n.]:An alcoholic beverage, such as a cocktail or highball. [n.]:Excessive or habitual indulgence in alcoholic liquor. [n.]:Slang A body of water; the sea.
	small	英文： [adj.]:Being below the average in size or magnitude. [adj.]:Limited in importance or significance; trivial. [adj.]:Limited in degree or scope. [adj.]:Lacking position, influence, or status; minor. [adj.]:Unpretentious; modest. [adj.]:Not fully grown; very young. [adj.]:Narrow in outlook; petty. [adj.]:Having been belittled; humiliated. [adj.]:Diluted; weak. Used of alcoholic beverages. [adj.]:Lacking force or volume. [adv.]:In small pieces. [adv.]:Without loudness or forcefulness; softly. [adv.]:In a small manner. [n.]:Something smaller than the rest. [n.]:smalls [n.]:Small things considered as a group. [n.]:Chiefly British Small items of clothing.
	sip	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To drink in small quantities. [verb]:v.tr.To drink from in sips. [verb]:v.intr.To drink something in sips. [n.]:The act of sipping. [n.]:A small quantity of liquid sipped.
注释： “啜饮”释义下的同义词：drink, small, sip.

任命，指定	nominate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To propose by name as a candidate, especially for election. [verb]:v.tr.To designate or appoint to an office, a responsibility, or an honor.See Synonyms at appoint
	instate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To establish in office; install.
	appoint	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To select or designate to fill an office or position. [verb]:v.tr.To fix or set by authority or by mutual agreement. [verb]:v.tr.To furnish; equip. [verb]:v.tr.Law To direct the disposition of (property) to a person or persons in exercise of a power granted for this purpose by a preceding deed.
	inaugurate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To induct into office by a formal ceremony. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to begin, especially officially or formally. See Synonyms at begin [verb]:v.tr.To open or begin use of formally with a ceremony; dedicate.
	name	英文： 同上
	induct	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To place ceremoniously or formally in an office or a position; install. [verb]:v.tr.To admit as a member; receive. [verb]:v.tr.To admit to military service. [verb]:v.tr.To introduce, as to new experience or knowledge; initiate. [verb]:v.tr.Physics To induce.
	delegate	英文： [n.]:Abbr. del.A person authorized to act as representative for another; a deputy or an agent. [n.]:A representative to a conference or convention. [n.]:A member of a House of Delegates, the lower house of the Maryland, Virginia, or West Virginia legislature. [n.]:An elected or appointed representative of a U.S. territory in the House of Representatives who is entitled to speak but not vote. [verb]:v.tr.To authorize and send (another person) as one's representative. [verb]:v.tr.To commit or entrust to another. [verb]:v.tr.Law To appoint (one's debtor) as a debtor to one's creditor in place of oneself.
	assign	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To set apart for a particular purpose; designate. [verb]:v.tr.To select for a duty or office; appoint. [verb]:v.tr.To give out as a task; allot. [verb]:v.tr.To ascribe; attribute. [verb]:v.tr.Law To transfer (property, rights, or interests) from one to another. [verb]:v.tr.To place (a person or a military unit) under a specific command. [n.]:Law An assignee.
	place	英文： [n.]:An area with definite or indefinite boundaries; a portion of space. [n.]:Room or space, especially adequate space. [n.]:The particular portion of space occupied by or allocated to a person or thing. [n.]:A building or an area set aside for a specified purpose. [n.]:A dwelling; a house. [n.]:A business establishment or office. [n.]:A locality, such as a town or a city. [n.]:Often Place Abbr. pl.,Pl.A public square or street with houses in a town. [n.]:A space in which one person, such as a passenger or a spectator, can sit or stand. [n.]:A setting for one person at a table. [n.]:A position regarded as belonging to someone or something else; stead. [n.]:A particular point that one has reached, as in a book. [n.]:A particular spot, as on the body. [n.]:The proper or designated role or function. [n.]:The proper or customary position or order. [n.]:A suitable setting or occasion. [n.]:The appropriate right or duty. [n.]:Social station. [n.]:A particular situation or circumstance. [n.]:High rank or status. [n.]:A job, post, or position. [n.]:Relative position in a series; standing. [n.]:Games Second position for betting purposes, as in a horserace. [n.]:The specified stage in a list of points to be made, as in an argument. [n.]:Mathematics The position of a figure in a numeral or series. [verb]:v.tr.To put in or as if in a particular place or position; set. [verb]:v.tr.To put in a specified relation or order. [verb]:v.tr.To offer for consideration. [verb]:v.tr.To find accommodation or employment for. [verb]:v.tr.To put into a particular condition. [verb]:v.tr.To arrange for the publication or display of. [verb]:v.tr.To appoint to a post. [verb]:v.tr.To rank in an order or a sequence. [verb]:v.tr.To estimate. [verb]:v.tr.To identify or classify in a particular context. [verb]:v.tr.To give an order for. [verb]:v.tr.To apply or arrange for. [verb]:v.tr.To adjust (one's voice) for the best possible effects. [verb]:v.intr.Sports Games To arrive among the first three finishers in a race, especially to finish second.
	denominate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To issue or express in terms of a given monetary unit. [verb]:v.tr.To give a name to; designate. [adj.]:Of or relating to a quantity as a multiple of a unit.
	install	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To set in position and connect or adjust for use. [verb]:v.tr.To induct into an office, a rank, or a position. [verb]:v.tr.To settle in an indicated place or condition; establish.
	ordain	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To invest with ministerial or priestly authority; confer holy orders on. [verb]:v.tr.To authorize as a rabbi. [verb]:v.tr.To order by virtue of superior authority; decree or enact. [verb]:v.tr.To prearrange unalterably; predestine.
	select	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To take as a choice from among several; pick out. [verb]:v.intr.To make a choice or selection.See Synonyms at choose [adj.]:Abbr. sel.Singled out in preference; chosen. [adj.]:Of special quality or value; choice. [adj.]:Of or relating to a lean grade of beef. [n.]:(used with a sing. or pl. verb)One that is preferred or chosen in preference to others or because of special value. Often used with the.
	designate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To indicate or specify; point out. [verb]:v.tr.To give a name or title to; characterize. [verb]:v.tr.To select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose.See Synonyms at allocate See Synonyms at appoint [adj.]:Appointed but not yet installed in office.
注释：“任命，指定”释义下的同义词：instate, appoint, inaugurate, name, induct, delegate, assign, place, denominate, install, ordain, select, designate.

提名	nominate	英文： 同上
	suggest	英文： 同上
	offer	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To present for acceptance or rejection; proffer. [verb]:v.tr.To put forward for consideration; propose. [verb]:v.tr.To present in order to meet a need or satisfy a requirement. [verb]:v.tr.To present for sale. [verb]:v.tr.To provide; furnish. [verb]:v.tr.To propose as payment; bid. [verb]:v.tr.To present as an act of worship. [verb]:v.tr.To exhibit readiness or desire to do; volunteer. [verb]:v.tr.To put up; mount. [verb]:v.tr.To threaten. [verb]:v.tr.To produce or introduce on the stage. [verb]:v.intr.To present an offering in worship or devotion. [verb]:v.intr.To make an offer or a proposal, especially of marriage. [verb]:v.intr.To present itself. [n.]:The act of offering. [n.]:Something, such as a suggestion, proposal, bid, or recommendation, that is offered. [n.]:Law A proposal that if accepted constitutes a legally binding contract. [n.]:The condition of being offered, especially for sale. [n.]:An attempt; a try. [n.]:A show of intention.
	name	英文： 同上
注释： “提名”释义下的同义词：propose, suggest, election, offer, name.

使窘困迷惑	nonplus	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder. [n.]:A state of perplexity, confusion, or bewilderment.
	addle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To muddle; confuse. See Synonyms at confuse [verb]:v.intr.To become confused. [verb]:v.intr.To become rotten; spoil.
	muddy	英文： [adj.]:Full of or covered with mud. [adj.]:Not bright or pure. [adj.]:Not clear; cloudy, as with sediment. [adj.]:Lacking luster; dull. [adj.]:Confused or vague. [verb]:v.tr.To make dirty or muddy. [verb]:v.tr.To make dull or cloudy. [verb]:v.tr.To make obscure or confused.
	surprise	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To encounter suddenly or unexpectedly; take or catch unawares. [verb]:v.tr.To attack or capture suddenly and without warning. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to feel wonder, astonishment, or amazement, as at something unanticipated. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (someone) to do or say something unintended. [verb]:v.tr.To elicit or detect through surprise. [n.]:The act of surprising or the condition of being surprised. [n.]:Something, such as an unexpected encounter, event, or gift, that surprises.
	embarrass	英文： 同上
	obfuscate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand. [verb]:v.tr.To render indistinct or dim; darken.
注释：①nonplus：v.使窘困迷惑；n.迷惑，窘境 ②obfuscate：v.使困惑，使迷惑

以符号表示	notate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put into notation.
	annotate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss. [verb]:v.intr.To gloss a text.
注释：

使成核	nucleate	英文： [adj.]:Nucleated. [verb]:v.tr.To bring together into a nucleus. [verb]:v.tr.To act as a nucleus for. [verb]:v.tr.To provide a nucleus for. [verb]:v.intr.To form a nucleus.
注释：nucleate：v.使成核；a.有核的

抚育，给…营养物，教养	nurture	英文： [n.]:Something that nourishes; sustenance. [n.]:The act of bringing up. [n.]:Biology The sum of environmental influences and conditions acting on an organism. [verb]:v.tr.To nourish; feed. [verb]:v.tr.To educate; train. [verb]:v.tr.To help grow or develop; cultivate.
	feed	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give food to; supply with nourishment. [verb]:v.tr.To provide as food or nourishment. [verb]:v.tr.To serve as food for. [verb]:v.tr.To produce food for. [verb]:v.tr.To provide for consumption, utilization, or operation. [verb]:v.tr.To supply with something essential for growth, maintenance, or operation. [verb]:v.tr.To distribute (a local radio or television broadcast) to a larger audience or group of receivers by way of a network or satellite. [verb]:v.tr.To minister to; gratify. [verb]:v.tr.To support or promote; encourage. [verb]:v.tr.To supply as a cue. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To pass a ball or puck to (a teammate), especially in order to score. [verb]:v.intr.To eat. [verb]:v.intr.To be nourished or supported. [verb]:v.intr.To move steadily, as into a machine for processing. [verb]:v.intr.To be channeled; flow. [n.]:Food for animals or birds. [n.]:The amount of such food given at one time. [n.]:Informal A meal, especially a large one. [n.]:The act of eating. [n.]:Material or an amount of material supplied, as to a machine or furnace. [n.]:The act of supplying such material. [n.]:An apparatus that supplies material to a machine. [n.]:The aperture through which such material enters a machine. [n.]:Distribution of a locally broadcast radio or television program by way of a network or satellite to a larger audience or group of receivers.
	foster	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bring up; nurture. See Synonyms at nurture [verb]:v.tr.To promote the growth and development of; cultivate. See Synonyms at advance [verb]:v.tr.To nurse; cherish. [adj.]:Providing parental care and nurture to children not related through legal or blood ties. [adj.]:Receiving parental care and nurture from those not related to one through legal or blood ties.
	mind	英文： [n.]:The human consciousness that originates in the brain and is manifested especially in thought, perception, emotion, will, memory, and imagination. [n.]:The collective conscious and unconscious processes in a sentient organism that direct and influence mental and physical behavior. [n.]:The principle of intelligence; the spirit of consciousness regarded as an aspect of reality. [n.]:The faculty of thinking, reasoning, and applying knowledge. [n.]:A person of great mental ability. [n.]:Individual consciousness, memory, or recollection. [n.]:A person or group that embodies certain mental qualities. [n.]:The thought processes characteristic of a person or group; psychological makeup. [n.]:Opinion or sentiment. [n.]:Desire or inclination. [n.]:Focus of thought; attention. [n.]:A healthy mental state; sanity. [n.]:Mind Christian Science The Deity regarded as the perfect intelligence ruling over all of divine creation. [verb]:v.tr.To bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember. [verb]:v.tr.To become aware of; notice. [verb]:v.tr.Upper Southern U.S.To have in mind as a goal or purpose; intend. [verb]:v.tr.To heed in order to obey. [verb]:v.tr.To attend to. [verb]:v.tr.To be careful about. [verb]:v.tr.To care about; be concerned about. [verb]:v.tr.To object to; dislike. [verb]:v.tr.To take care or charge of; look after. [verb]:v.intr.To take notice; give heed. [verb]:v.intr.To behave obediently. [verb]:v.intr.To be concerned or troubled; care. [verb]:v.intr.To be cautious or careful.
	nourish	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth; feed. [verb]:v.tr.To foster the development of; promote. [verb]:v.tr.To keep alive; maintain.
	nurse	英文： [n.]:A person educated and trained to care for the sick or disabled. [n.]:A woman employed to suckle children other than her own; a wet nurse. [n.]:A woman employed to take care of a child; a nursemaid. [n.]:One that serves as a nurturing or fostering influence or means. [n.]:Zoology A worker ant or bee that feeds and cares for the colony's young. [verb]:v.tr.To serve as a nurse for. [verb]:v.tr.To feed at the breast; suckle. [verb]:v.tr.To try to cure by special care or treatment. [verb]:v.tr.To treat carefully, especially in order to prevent pain. [verb]:v.tr.To manage or guide carefully; look after with care; foster. See Synonyms at nurture [verb]:v.tr.To bear privately in the mind. [verb]:v.tr.To consume slowly, especially in order to conserve. [verb]:v.intr.To serve as a nurse. [verb]:v.intr.To take nourishment from the breast; suckle.
	raise	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To move to a higher position; elevate. See Synonyms at lift [verb]:v.tr.To set in an upright or erect position. [verb]:v.tr.To erect or build. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to arise, appear, or exist. [verb]:v.tr.To increase in size, quantity, or worth. [verb]:v.tr.To increase in intensity, degree, strength, or pitch. [verb]:v.tr.To improve in rank or dignity; promote. [verb]:v.tr.To grow, especially in quantity; cultivate. [verb]:v.tr.To breed and care for to maturity. [verb]:v.tr.To bring up; rear. [verb]:v.tr.To put forward for consideration. See Synonyms at broach [verb]:v.tr.To voice; utter. [verb]:v.tr.To awaken; arouse. [verb]:v.tr.To stir up; instigate. [verb]:v.tr.To bring about; provoke. [verb]:v.tr.To make contact with by radio. [verb]:v.tr.To gather together; collect. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (dough) to puff up. [verb]:v.tr.To end (a siege) by withdrawing troops or forcing the enemy troops to withdraw. [verb]:v.tr.To remove or withdraw (an order). [verb]:v.tr.Games [verb]:v.tr.To increase (a poker bet). [verb]:v.tr.To bet more than (a preceding bettor in poker). [verb]:v.tr.To increase the bid of (one's bridge partner). [verb]:v.tr.Nautical To bring into sight by approaching nearer. [verb]:v.tr.To alter and increase fraudulently the written value of (a check, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To cough up (phlegm). [verb]:v.tr.Scots To make angry; enrage. [verb]:v.intr.Games To increase a poker bet or a bridge bid. [n.]:The act of raising or increasing. [n.]:An increase in salary.
	rear	英文： [n.]:A hind part. [n.]:The point or area farthest from the front. [n.]:The part of a military deployment usually farthest from the fighting front. [n.]:Informal The buttocks. [adj.]:Of, at, or located in the rear. [verb]:v.tr.To care for (children or a child) during the early stages of life; bring up. [verb]:v.tr.To lift upright; raise. [verb]:v.tr.To build; erect.See Synonyms at lift [verb]:v.tr.To tend (growing plants or animals). [verb]:v.intr.To rise on the hind legs, as a horse. [verb]:v.intr.To rise high in the air; tower.
	tend	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To have a tendency. [verb]:v.intr.To be disposed or inclined. [verb]:v.intr.To move or extend in a certain direction [verb]:v.tr.To have the care of; watch over; look after. [verb]:v.tr.To manage the activities and transactions of; run. [verb]:v.intr.To be an attendant or a servant. [verb]:v.intr.To apply one's attention; attend.
	train	英文： [n.]:Abbr. tn.A series of connected railroad cars pulled or pushed by one or more locomotives. [n.]:A long line of moving people, animals, or vehicles. [n.]:The personnel, vehicles, and equipment following and providing supplies and services to a combat unit. [n.]:A part of a gown that trails behind the wearer. [n.]:A staff of people following in attendance; a retinue. [n.]:An orderly succession of related events or thoughts; a sequence.See Synonyms at series [n.]:A series of consequences wrought by an event; aftermath. [n.]:A set of linked mechanical parts. [n.]:A string of gunpowder that acts as a fuse for exploding a charge. [verb]:v.tr.To coach in or accustom to a mode of behavior or performance. [verb]:v.tr.To make proficient with specialized instruction and practice.See Synonyms at teach [verb]:v.tr.To prepare physically, as with a regimen. [verb]:v.tr.train athletes for track-and-field competition. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (a plant or one's hair) to take a desired course or shape, as by manipulating. [verb]:v.tr.To focus on or aim at (a goal, mark, or target); direct.See Synonyms at aim [verb]:v.tr.To let drag behind; trail. [verb]:v.intr.To give or undergo a course of training. [verb]:v.intr.To travel by railroad train.
注释：①nurture：v.抚育，给…营养物，教养；n.养育，营养物；(总称)环境因素 ②同义短语：bring up, care for.

束缚，强迫；为…效力	oblige	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means. [verb]:v.tr.To make indebted or grateful. [verb]:v.tr.To do a service or favor for. [verb]:v.intr.To do a service or favor.
	clamour	英文： [n.][verb]:Chiefly British Variant of clamor
	clamor	英文： [n.]:A loud outcry; a hubbub. [n.]:A vehement expression of discontent or protest. [n.]:A loud, sustained noise.See Synonyms at noise [verb]:v.intr.To make a loud, sustained noise or outcry. [verb]:v.intr.To make insistent demands or complaints. [verb]:v.tr.To exclaim insistently and noisily. [verb]:v.tr.To influence or force by clamoring.
	make	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to exist or happen; bring about; create. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into existence by shaping, modifying, or putting together material; construct. [verb]:v.tr.To form by assembling individuals or constituents. [verb]:v.tr.To change from one form or function to another. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be or become. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to assume a specified function or role. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to act in a specified manner. [verb]:v.tr.To compel. [verb]:v.tr.To form in the mind. [verb]:v.tr.To compose. [verb]:v.tr.To prepare; fix. [verb]:v.tr.To get ready or set in order for use. [verb]:v.tr.To gather and light the materials for (a fire). [verb]:v.tr.To engage in. [verb]:v.tr.To carry out; perform. [verb]:v.tr.To achieve, produce, or attain. [verb]:v.tr.To institute or establish; enact. [verb]:v.tr.To draw up and execute in a suitable form. [verb]:v.tr.To arrive at; reach. [verb]:v.tr.To reach in time. [verb]:v.tr.To attain the rank or position of. [verb]:v.tr.To acquire a place in or on. [verb]:v.tr.To gain or earn, as by working. [verb]:v.tr.To behave so as to acquire. [verb]:v.tr.To score or achieve, as in a sport. [verb]:v.tr.To assure the success of. [verb]:v.tr.To favor the development of. [verb]:v.tr.To be suited for. [verb]:v.tr.To develop into. [verb]:v.tr.To draw a conclusion as to the significance or nature of. [verb]:v.tr.To calculate as being; estimate. [verb]:v.tr.To consider as being. [verb]:v.tr.To constitute. [verb]:v.tr.To add up to. [verb]:v.tr.To amount to. [verb]:v.tr.To constitute the essence or nature of. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be especially enjoyable or rewarding. [verb]:v.tr.To appear to begin (an action). [verb]:v.tr.Slang To persuade to have sexual intercourse. [verb]:v.intr.To act or behave in a specified manner. [verb]:v.intr.To begin or appear to begin an action. [verb]:v.intr.To cause something to be as specified. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed in a certain direction. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To pretend to be; imitate. Used with like . [verb]:v.intr.To undergo fabrication or manufacture. [verb]:v.intr.To rise or accumulate. [n.]:The act or process of making; manufacturing. [n.]:The style or manner in which a thing is made. [n.]:The amount produced, especially the output of a factory. [n.]:A specific line of manufactured goods, identified by the manufacturer's name or the registered trademark. [n.]:The physical or moral nature of a person; character or disposition. [n.]:Slang Identification of a person or thing, often from information in police record.
	compel	英文： 同上
	cry	英文： 同上
	necessitate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make necessary or unavoidable. [verb]:v.tr.To require or compel.
	press	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To exert steady weight or force against; bear down on. [verb]:v.tr.To squeeze the juice or other contents from. [verb]:v.tr.To extract (juice, for example) by squeezing or compressing. [verb]:v.tr.To reshape or make compact by applying steady force; compress. [verb]:v.tr.To iron (clothing, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To clasp in fondness or politeness. [verb]:v.tr.To try to influence, as by insistent arguments; importune or entreat. [verb]:v.tr.To urge or force to action; impel. [verb]:v.tr.To place in trying or distressing circumstances; harass or oppress.See Synonyms at urge [verb]:v.tr.To move (keys on a computer keyboard, for example) by applying pressure. [verb]:v.tr.To lay stress on; emphasize. [verb]:v.tr.To advance or carry on vigorously. [verb]:v.tr.To put forward importunately or insistently. [verb]:v.tr.To make (a phonograph record or videodisk) from a mold or matrix. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To lift (a weight) to a position above the head without moving the legs. [verb]:v.intr.To exert force or pressure. [verb]:v.intr.To weigh heavily, as on the mind. [verb]:v.intr.To advance eagerly; push forward. [verb]:v.intr.To require haste; be urgent. [verb]:v.intr.To iron clothes or other material. [verb]:v.intr.To assemble closely and in large numbers; crowd. [verb]:v.intr.To employ urgent persuasion or entreaty. [verb]:v.intr.Sports To raise or lift a weight in a press. [verb]:v.intr.Basketball To employ a press. [n.]:Any of various machines or devices that apply pressure. [n.]:Any of various machines used for printing; a printing press. [n.]:A place or an establishment where matter is printed. [n.]:The art, method, or business of printing. [n.]:The collecting and publishing or broadcasting of news; journalism in general. [n.]:The entirety of media and agencies that collect, publish, transmit, or broadcast the news. [n.]:The people involved in the media, as news reporters, photographers, publishers, and broadcasters. [n.]:Commentary or coverage especially in newspapers or periodicals. [n.]:The act of gathering in large numbers or of pushing forward. [n.]:A large gathering; a throng.See Synonyms at crowd [n.]:The act of applying pressure. [n.]:The state of being pressed. [n.]:The haste or urgency of business or matters. [n.]:The set of proper creases in a garment or fabric, formed by ironing. [n.]:Chiefly Northeastern U.S. An upright closet or case used for storing clothing, books, or other articles. [n.]:A viselike device for keeping a racket from warping. [n.]:Sports A lift in weightlifting in which the weight is raised to shoulder level and then steadily pushed straight overhead without movement of the legs. [n.]:Basketball An aggressive defense tactic in which players guard opponents closely, often over the entire court. [verb]:v.tr.To force into service in the army or navy; impress. [verb]:v.tr.To take arbitrarily or by force, especially for public use. [verb]:v.tr.To use in a manner different from the usual or intended, especially in an emergency. [n.]:Conscription or impressment into service, especially into the army or navy. [n.]:Obsolete An official warrant for impressing men into military service.
	command	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To direct with authority; give orders to. [verb]:v.tr.To have control or authority over; rule. [verb]:v.tr.To have at one's disposal. [verb]:v.tr.To deserve and receive as due; exact. [verb]:v.tr.To exercise dominating, authoritative influence over. [verb]:v.tr.To dominate by physical position; overlook. [verb]:v.intr.To give orders. [verb]:v.intr.To exercise authority or control as or as if one is a commander. [n.]:The act of commanding. [n.]:An order given with authority. [n.]:Computer Science A signal that initiates an operation defined by an instruction. [n.]:The authority to command. [n.]:Possession and exercise of the authority to command. [n.]:Ability to control or use; mastery. [n.]:Dominance by location; extent of view. [n.]:Abbr. cmd. [n.]:The jurisdiction of a commander. [n.]:A military unit, post, district, or region under the control of one officer. [n.]:A unit of the U.S. Air Force that is larger than an air force. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or constituting a command. [adj.]:Done or performed in response to a command.
	demand	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ask for urgently or peremptorily. [verb]:v.tr.To claim as just or due. [verb]:v.tr.To ask to be informed of. [verb]:v.tr.To require as useful, just, proper, or necessary; call for. [verb]:v.tr.Law [verb]:v.tr.To summon to court. [verb]:v.tr.To claim formally; lay legal claim to. [verb]:v.intr.To make a demand. [n.]:The act of demanding. [n.]:Something demanded. [n.]:An urgent requirement or need. [n.]:The state of being sought after. [n.]:Economics [n.]:The desire to possess a commodity or make use of a service, combined with the ability to purchase it. [n.]:The amount of a commodity or service that people are ready to buy for a given price. [n.]:Computer Science A coding technique in which a command to read or write is initiated as the need for a new block of data occurs, thus eliminating the need to store data. [n.]:Law A formal claim. [n.]:Archaic An emphatic question or inquiry.
	obligate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bind, compel, or constrain by a social, legal, or moral tie.See Synonyms at force [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be grateful or indebted; oblige. [verb]:v.tr.To commit (money, for example) in order to fulfill an obligation. [adj.]:Biology Able to exist or survive only in a particular environment or by assuming a particular role. [adj.]:Absolutely indispensable; essential.
	pressure	英文： [n.]:The act of pressing. [n.]:The condition of being pressed. [n.]:The application of continuous force by one body on another that it is touching; compression. [n.]:Abbr. P Physics Force applied uniformly over a surface, measured as force per unit of area. [n.]:Meteorology Atmospheric pressure. [n.]:A compelling or constraining influence, such as a moral force, on the mind or will. [n.]:Urgent claim or demand. [n.]:An oppressive condition of physical, mental, social, or economic distress. [n.]:A physical sensation produced by compression of a part of the body. [n.]:Archaic A mark made by application of force or weight; an impression. [verb]:v.tr.To force, as by overpowering influence or persuasion. [verb]:v.tr.To pressurize. [verb]:v.tr.To pressure-cook.
	exact	英文： [adj.]:Strictly and completely in accord with fact; not deviating from truth or reality. [adj.]:Characterized by accurate measurements or inferences with small margins of error; not approximate. [adj.]:Characterized by strict adherence to standards or rules. [verb]:v.tr.To force the payment or yielding of; extort. [verb]:v.tr.To demand and obtain by or as if by force or authority.
	require	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have as a requisite; need. [verb]:v.tr.To call for as obligatory or appropriate; demand.See Synonyms at demand [verb]:v.tr.To impose an obligation on; compel.
	constrain	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To compel by physical, moral, or circumstantial force; oblige. See Synonyms at force [verb]:v.tr.To keep within close bounds; confine. [verb]:v.tr.To inhibit or restrain; hold back. [verb]:v.tr.To produce in a forced or inhibited manner.
	coerce	英文： 同上
	dragoon	英文： [n.]:A heavily armed trooper in some European armies of the 17th and 18th centuries. [verb]:v.tr.To subjugate or persecute by the imposition of troops. [verb]:v.tr.To compel by violent measures or threats; coerce.
	bind	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To tie or secure, as with a rope or cord. [verb]:v.tr.To fasten or wrap by encircling, as with a belt or ribbon. [verb]:v.tr.To bandage. [verb]:v.tr.To hold or restrain with or as if with bonds. [verb]:v.tr.To compel, obligate, or unite. [verb]:v.tr.Law To place under legal obligation by contract or oath. [verb]:v.tr.To make certain or irrevocable. [verb]:v.tr.To apprentice or indenture. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to cohere or stick together in a mass. [verb]:v.tr.To enclose and fasten (a book or other printed material) between covers. [verb]:v.tr.To furnish with an edge or border for protection, reinforcement, or ornamentation. [verb]:v.tr.To constipate. [verb]:v.tr.To form a chemical bond with. [verb]:v.intr.To tie up or fasten something. [verb]:v.intr.To stick or become stuck. [verb]:v.intr.To be uncomfortably tight or restricting, as clothes. [verb]:v.intr.To become compact or solid; cohere. [verb]:v.intr.To be compelling or unifying. [verb]:v.intr.To form a chemical bond. [n.]:The act of binding. [n.]:The state of being bound. [n.]:Something that binds. [n.]:A place where something binds. [n.]:Informal A difficult, restrictive, or unresolvable situation. [n.]:Music A tie, slur, or brace.
	call	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To say in a loud voice; announce. [verb]:v.tr.To demand or ask for the presence of. [verb]:v.tr.To demand or ask for a meeting of; convene or convoke. [verb]:v.tr.To order or request to undertake a particular activity or work; summon. [verb]:v.tr.To give the command for; order. [verb]:v.tr.To communicate or try to communicate with by telephone. [verb]:v.tr.To lure (prey) by imitating the characteristic cry of an animal. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to come to the mind or to attention. [verb]:v.tr.To name. [verb]:v.tr.To consider or regard as being of a particular type or kind; characterize. [verb]:v.tr.To designate; label. [verb]:v.tr.To demand payment of. [verb]:v.tr.To require the presentation of (a bond) for redemption before maturity. [verb]:v.tr.Sports [verb]:v.tr.To stop or postpone (a game) because of bad weather, darkness, or other adverse conditions. [verb]:v.tr.To declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee:. [verb]:v.tr.To indicate a decision in regard to. [verb]:v.tr.To give the orders or signals for. [verb]:v.tr.Games [verb]:v.tr.To describe the intended outcome of (one's billiard shot) before playing. [verb]:v.tr.To equal the bet of (the preceding bet or bettor) in a poker game. [verb]:v.tr.To indicate or characterize accurately in advance; predict. See Synonyms at predict [verb]:v.tr.To challenge the truthfulness or genuineness of. [verb]:v.tr.To shout directions in rhythm for (a square dance). [verb]:v.intr.To speak loudly; shout. [verb]:v.intr.To utter a characteristic cry. Used of an animal. [verb]:v.intr.To communicate or try to communicate with someone by telephone. [verb]:v.intr.To pay a short visit. [n.]:A loud cry; a shout. [n.]:The characteristic cry of an animal. [n.]:A sound or an instrument made to imitate such a cry, used as a lure. [n.]:A telephone communication or connection. [n.]:Need or occasion. [n.]:Demand. [n.]:A claim on a person's time or life. [n.]:A short visit, especially one made as a formality or for business or professional purposes. [n.]:A summons or an invitation. [n.]:A signal, such as that made by a horn or bell. [n.]:The sounding of a horn to encourage hounds during a hunt. [n.]:A strong inner urge or prompting; a vocation. [n.]:The strong attraction or appeal of a given activity or environment. [n.]:A roll call. [n.]:A notice of rehearsal times posted in a theater. [n.]:Sports A decision made by an umpire or a referee. [n.]:A direction or series of directions rhythmically called out to square dancers. [n.]:A demand for payment of a debt. [n.]:A demand to submit bonds to the issuer for redemption before the maturity date. [n.]:An option to buy a certain quantity of a stock or commodity for a specified price within a specified time. [n.]:A demand for payment due on stock bought on margin when the value has shrunk.
	force	英文： 同上
	impel	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To urge to action through moral pressure; drive. [verb]:v.tr.To drive forward; propel.
	high-pressure	英文： [adj.]:Of or relating to pressures higher than normal, especially higher than atmospheric pressure. [adj.]:Informal [adj.]:Using aggressive, persistent persuasive tactics. [adj.]:Full of or imposing great stress or tension. [verb]:v.tr.To attempt to sell (something) or persuade (someone) by using aggressive, persistent tactics.
注释：

涂掉，擦掉	obliterate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To do away with completely so as to leave no trace.See Synonyms at abolish [verb]:v.tr.To wipe out, rub off, or erase (writing or other markings). [verb]:v.tr.Medicine To remove completely (a body organ or part), as by surgery, disease, or radiation.
	delete	英文： [verb]:v.tr.Abbr. del.To remove by striking out or canceling.
	demolish	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To tear down completely; raze. [verb]:v.tr.To do away with completely; put an end to. [verb]:v.tr.To damage (someone's reputation, for example) severely.See Synonyms at ruin
	destroy	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ruin completely; spoil. [verb]:v.tr.To tear down or break up; demolish.See Synonyms at ruin [verb]:v.tr.To do away with; put an end to. [verb]:v.tr.To kill. [verb]:v.tr.To subdue or defeat completely; crush. [verb]:v.tr.To render useless or ineffective. [verb]:v.intr.To be destructive; cause destruction.
	erase	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To remove (something written, for example) by rubbing, wiping, or scraping. [verb]:v.tr.To remove (recorded material) from a magnetic tape or other storage medium. [verb]:v.tr.To remove recorded material from (a magnetic tape or disk, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To remove all traces of. [verb]:v.tr.To remove or destroy as if by wiping out.
注释：同义短语：blot out, wipe out.

隐藏，使…模糊，使…不分明	obscure	英文： [adj.]:Deficient in light; dark. [adj.]:So faintly perceptible as to lack clear delineation; indistinct.See Synonyms at dark [adj.]:Indistinctly heard; faint. [adj.]:Linguistics Having the reduced, neutral sound represented by schwa. [adj.]:Far from centers of human population. [adj.]:Out of sight; hidden. [adj.]:Not readily noticed or seen; inconspicuous. [adj.]:Of undistinguished or humble station or reputation. [adj.]:Not clearly understood or expressed; ambiguous or vague. [verb]::v.tr.To make dim or indistinct. See Synonyms block [verb]::v.tr.To conceal in obscurity; hide. [verb]::v.tr.Linguistics To reduce (a vowel) to the neutral sound represented by schwa . [n.]:Something obscure or unknown.
	dim	英文： [adj.]:Lacking in brightness. [adj.]:Emitting only a small amount of light; faint. [adj.]:Lacking luster; dull and subdued. [adj.]:Faintly outlined; indistinct. [adj.]:Obscure to the mind or the senses. [adj.]:Lacking sharpness or clarity of understanding or perception.See Synonyms at dark [adj.]:Lacking keenness or vigor. [adj.]:Negative, unfavorable, or disapproving. [v.tr.intr.]: To make or become dim. [n.]:A parking light on a motor vehicle. [n.]:Low beam. [n.]:Archaic Dusk.
	faint	英文： [adj.]:Lacking strength or vigor; feeble. [adj.]:Lacking conviction, boldness, or courage; timid. [adj.]:Lacking brightness. [adj.]:Lacking clarity or distinctness. [adj.]:Likely to fall into a faint; dizzy and weak. [n.]:An abrupt, usually brief loss of consciousness, generally associated with failure of normal blood circulation.See Synonyms at blackout [verb]:v.intr.To fall into a usually brief state of unconsciousness. [verb]:v.intr.Archaic To weaken in purpose or spirit.
注释：obscure：a.难理解的；不清楚的，不分明的；v.隐藏，使…模糊，使…不分明

迷住；使…困窘，使…烦扰	obsess	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To preoccupy the mind of excessively. [verb]:v.intr.To have the mind excessively preoccupied with a single emotion or topic.
	ghost	英文： [n.]:The spirit of a dead person, especially one believed to appear in bodily likeness to living persons or to haunt former habitats. [n.]:The center of spiritual life; the soul. [n.]:A demon or spirit. [n.]:A returning or haunting memory or image. [n.]:A slight or faint trace. [n.]:The tiniest bit. [n.]:A faint, false image, as. [n.]:A secondary image on a television or radar screen caused by reflected waves. [n.]:A displaced image in a photograph caused by the optical system of the camera. [n.]:A false spectral line caused by imperfections in the diffraction grating. [n.]:A displaced image in a mirror caused by reflection from the front of the glass. [n.]:Informal A ghostwriter. [n.]:A nonexistent publication listed in bibliographies. [n.]:A fictitious employee or business. [n.]:Physiology A red blood cell having no hemoglobin. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To engage in ghostwriting. [verb]:v.intr.To move noiselessly like a ghost. [verb]:v.tr.To haunt. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To ghostwrite.
	haunt	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To inhabit, visit, or appear to in the form of a ghost or other supernatural being. [verb]:v.tr.To visit often; frequent. [verb]:v.tr.To come to mind continually; obsess. [verb]:v.tr.To be continually present in; pervade. [verb]:v.intr.To recur or visit often, especially as a ghost. [n.]:A place much frequented. [n.]:Chiefly Southern U.S. A ghost or other supernatural being.
注释：

阻塞，截断	obstruct	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To block or fill (a passage) with obstacles or an obstacle.See Synonyms at block [verb]:v.tr.To impede, retard, or interfere with; hinder. See Synonyms at hinder [verb]:v.tr.To get in the way of so as to hide from sight.
	bar	英文： [n.]:A relatively long, straight, rigid piece of solid material used as a fastener, support, barrier, or structural or mechanical member. [n.]:A solid oblong block of a substance, such as soap or candy. [n.]:A rectangular block of a precious metal. [n.]:Something that impedes or prevents action or progress.See Synonyms at obstacle [n.]:A ridge, as of sand or gravel, on a shore or streambed, that is formed by the action of tides or currents. [n.]:A narrow marking, as a stripe or band. [n.]:Heraldry A pair of horizontal parallel lines drawn across a shield. [n.]:Law [n.]:The nullification, defeat, or prevention of a claim or action. [n.]:The process by which nullification, defeat, or prevention is achieved. [n.]:The railing in a courtroom enclosing the part of the room where the judges and lawyers sit, witnesses are heard, and prisoners are tried. [n.]:A place of judgment; a tribunal. [n.]:Law [n.]:Attorneys considered as a group. [n.]:The profession of law. [n.]:Music [n.]:A vertical line dividing a staff into equal measures. [n.]:A measure. [n.]:A counter at which drinks, especially alcoholic drinks, and sometimes food, are served. [n.]:An establishment or room having such a counter. [verb]:v.tr.To fasten securely with a long, straight, rigid piece of material. [verb]:v.tr.To shut in or out with or as if with bars. [verb]:v.tr.To obstruct or impede; block. [verb]:v.tr.To keep out; exclude.See Synonyms at hinder [verb]:v.tr.To rule out; except. [verb]:v.tr.To mark with stripes or bands. [verb]:v.tr.Law To stop (a claim or action) by objection. [prep.]:Except for; excluding.
	block	英文： [n.]:Abbr. blk. A solid piece of a hard substance, such as wood, having one or more flat sides. [n.]:Such a piece used as a construction member or as a support. [n.]:Such a piece upon which chopping or cutting is done. [n.]:Such a piece upon which persons are beheaded. [n.]:A small wooden or plastic cube used as a building toy. [n.]:Printing A large amount of text. [n.]:Sports A starting block. [n.]:A stand from which articles are displayed and sold at an auction. [n.]:A mold or form on which an item is shaped or displayed. [n.]:A substance, such as wood or stone, that has been prepared for engraving. [n.]:A pulley or a system of pulleys set in a casing. [n.]:An engine block. [n.]:A bloc. [n.]:A set of like items, such as shares of stock, sold or handled as a unit. [n.]:A group of four or more unseparated postage stamps forming a rectangle. [n.]:Canadian A group of townships in an unsurveyed area. [n.]:A usually rectangular section of a city or town bounded on each side by consecutive streets. [n.]:A segment of a street bounded by consecutive cross streets and including its buildings and inhabitants. [n.]:A large building divided into separate units, such as apartments. [n.]:A length of railroad track controlled by signals. [n.]:The act of obstructing. [n.]:Something that obstructs; an obstacle. [n.]:Sports An act of bodily obstruction, as of a player or ball. [n.]:Football Legal interference with an opposing player to clear the path of the ball carrier. [n.]:Medicine Interruption, especially obstruction, of a normal physiological function. [n.]:Psychology Sudden cessation of speech or a thought process without an immediate observable cause, sometimes considered a consequence of repression. [n.]:Slang The human head. [n.]:A blockhead. [verb]:v.tr.To shape into a block or blocks. [verb]:v.tr.To support, strengthen, or retain in place by means of a block. [verb]:v.tr.To shape, mold, or form with or on a block. [verb]:v.tr.To stop or impede the passage of or movement through; obstruct. [verb]:v.tr.To shut out from view. [verb]:v.tr.To indicate broadly without great detail; sketch. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To impede the movement of (an opponent or the ball) by physical interference. [verb]:v.tr.Medicine To interrupt the proper functioning of (a nervous, muscular, or other physiological process), especially by the use of anesthesia. [verb]:v.tr.Psychology To fail to remember. [verb]:v.tr.To run (trains) on a block system. [verb]:v.intr.Sports To obstruct the movement of an opponent.
	clog	英文： [n.]:An obstruction or hindrance. [n.]:A weight, such as a block, attached to the leg of an animal to hinder movement. [n.]:A heavy, usually wooden-soled shoe. [verb]:v.tr.To obstruct movement on or in; block up. [verb]:v.tr.To hamper the function or activity of; impede. [verb]:v.intr.To become obstructed or choked up. [verb]:v.intr.To thicken or stick together; clot. [verb]:v.intr.To do a clog dance.
	delay	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To postpone until a later time; defer. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be later or slower than expected or desired. [verb]:v.intr.To act or move slowly; put off an action or a decision. [n.]:The act of delaying; postponement. [n.]:The condition of being delayed; detainment. [n.]:The period of time during which one is delayed. [n.]:The interval of time between two events.
	hamper	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To prevent the free movement, action, or progress of. [n.]:Nautical Necessary but encumbering equipment on a ship. [n.]:A large basket, usually with a cover.
	hinder	英文： 同上
	impede	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To retard or obstruct the progress of.See Synonyms at hinder
	retard	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move or proceed slowly; delay or impede. [verb]:v.intr.To be delayed.See Synonyms at delay [n.]:A slowing down or hindering of progress; a delay. [n.]:Music A slackening of tempo. [n.]:Offensive Slang Used as a disparaging term for a mentally retarded person.
注释：

突出；强加	obtrude	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To impose (oneself or one's ideas) on others with undue insistence or without invitation.See Synonyms at intrude [verb]:v.tr.To thrust out; push forward. [verb]:v.intr.To impose oneself on others.
	intrude	英文： 同上
注释：同义短语：push out, thrust out.

排除（困难）	obviate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To anticipate and dispose of effectively; render unnecessary. See Synonyms at prevent
	avert	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To turn away. [verb]:v.tr.To ward off (something about to happen); prevent。
	avoid	英文： 同上
	debar	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To exclude or shut out; bar. [verb]:v.tr.To forbid, hinder, or prevent.
	eliminate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To get rid of; remove. [verb]:v.tr.To leave out or omit from consideration; reject. [verb]:v.tr.To remove from consideration by defeating, as in a contest. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To remove (an unknown quantity) by combining equations. [verb]:v.tr.Physiology To excrete (bodily wastes).
注释：同义短语：fend off, head off, rid of, stave off, ward off.

使闭塞	occlude	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to become closed; obstruct. [verb]:v.tr.To prevent the passage of. [verb]:v.tr.Chemistry To absorb or adsorb and retain (a substance). [verb]:v.tr.Meteorology To force (air) upward from Earth's surface, as when a cold front overtakes and undercuts a warm front. [verb]:v.tr.Dentistry To bring together (the upper and lower teeth) in proper alignment for chewing. [verb]:v.intr.Dentistry To close so that the cusps fit together. Used of the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
	shut	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To move (a door or lid, for example) so as to block passage through an opening. [verb]:v.tr.To block entrance to or exit from; close. [verb]:v.tr.To fasten with a lock, catch, or latch. [verb]:v.tr.To confine in or as if in a closed space. [verb]:v.tr.To exclude from or as if from a closed space. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to stop operating. [verb]:v.intr.To move or become moved so as to block passage; close. [verb]:v.intr.To stop operating, especially automatically. [n.]:The act or time of shutting. [n.]:The line of connection between welded pieces of metal.
	obstruct	英文： 同上
	obturate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To close or obstruct.
	impede	英文： 同上
	jam	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To drive or wedge forcibly into a tight position. [verb]:v.tr.To activate or apply suddenly. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (moving parts, for example) to lock into an unworkable position. [verb]:v.tr.To pack (items, for example) to excess; cram. [verb]:v.tr.To fill (something) to excess. [verb]:v.tr.To block, congest, or clog. [verb]:v.tr.To crush or bruise. [verb]:v.tr.Electronics To interfere with or prevent the clear reception of (broadcast signals) by electronic means. [verb]:v.intr.To become wedged or stuck. [verb]:v.intr.To become inoperable. [verb]:v.intr.To force one's way into or through a limited space. [verb]:v.intr.Music To play improvisations. [n.]:The act of jamming or the condition of being jammed. [n.]:A crush or congestion of people or things in a limited space. [n.]:A trying situation; a predicament.See Synonyms at predicament [n.]:A preserve made from whole fruit boiled to a pulp with sugar.
	block	英文： 同上
注释：同义短语：close up

得罪，冒犯	offend	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause displeasure, anger, resentment, or wounded feelings in. [verb]:v.tr.To be displeasing or disagreeable to. [verb]:v.tr.To transgress; violate. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to sin. [verb]:v.intr.To result in displeasure. [verb]:v.intr.To violate a moral or divine law; sin. [verb]:v.intr.To violate a rule or law.
	affront	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To insult intentionally, especially openly.See Synonyms at offend [verb]:v.tr.To meet defiantly; confront. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To meet or encounter face to face. [n.]:An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult. [n.]:Obsolete A hostile encounter or meeting.
	disgust	英文： 同上
	displease	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause annoyance or vexation to. [verb]:v.intr.To cause annoyance or displeasure.
	grieve	英文： 同上
	horrify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to feel horror. See Synonyms at dismay [verb]:v.tr.To cause unpleasant surprise to; shock.
	hurt	英文： 同上
	insult	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To treat with gross insensitivity, insolence, or contemptuous rudeness.See Synonyms at offend [verb]:v.tr.To affront or demean. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To make an attack on. [verb]:v.intr.Archaic To behave arrogantly. [verb]:v.intr.To give offense; offend. [n.]:An offensive action or remark. [n.]:Medicine A bodily injury, irritation, or trauma.
	pain	英文： 同上
	sicken	英文： 同上
	wound	英文： 同上
注释：

补偿，抵消	offset	英文： [n.]:An agent, an element, or a thing that balances, counteracts, or compensates for something else. [n.]:One thing set off or developed from something else. [n.]:The start or initial stage; the outset. [n.]:Architecture A ledge or recess in a wall formed by a reduction in thickness above; a setoff. [n.]:Botany A shoot that develops laterally at the base of a plant, often rooting to form a new plant. [n.]:Geology A spur of a mountain range or hills. [n.]:A bend in a pipe, bar, or other straight continuous piece made to allow it to pass around an obstruction. [n.]:A short distance measured perpendicularly from the main line in surveying, used to help in calculating the area of an irregular plot. [n.]:A descendant of a race or family; an offshoot. [n.]:Printing [n.]:An unintentional or faulty transfer of wet ink from a printed sheet to another surface in contact with it. Also called  setoff [n.]:Offset printing. [verb]:v.tr.To counterbalance, counteract, or compensate for. [verb]:v.tr.Printing [verb]:v.tr.To cause (printed matter) to transfer or smear on another surface. [verb]:v.tr.To produce by offset printing. [verb]:v.tr.To make or form an offset in (a wall, bar, or pipe). [verb]:v.intr.To develop, project, or be situated as an offset. [verb]:v.intr.Printing To become marked by or cause an unintentional transfer of ink.
	balance	英文： [n.]:A weighing device, especially one consisting of a rigid beam horizontally suspended by a low-friction support at its center, with identical weighing pans hung at either end, one of which holds an unknown weight while the effective weight in the other is increased by known amounts until the beam is level and motionless. [n.]:A state of equilibrium or parity characterized by cancellation of all forces by equal opposing forces. [n.]:The power or means to decide. [n.]:A state of bodily equilibrium. [n.]:A stable mental or psychological state; emotional stability. [n.]:A harmonious or satisfying arrangement or proportion of parts or elements, as in a design. [n.]:An influence or force tending to produce equilibrium; counterpoise. [n.]:The difference in magnitude between opposing forces or influences. [n.]:Accounting [n.]:Equality of totals in the debit and credit sides of an account. [n.]:The difference between such totals, either on the credit or the debit side. [n.]:Something that is left over; a remainder. [n.]:Chemistry Equality of mass and net electric charge of reacting species on each side of an equation. [n.]:Mathematics Equality with respect to the net number of reduced symbolic quantities on each side of an equation. [n.]:A balance wheel. [verb]:v.tr.To determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a weighing device. [verb]:v.tr.To compare by or as if by turning over in the mind. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into or maintain in a state of equilibrium. [verb]:v.tr.To act as an equalizing weight or force to; counterbalance. [verb]:v.tr.Accounting [verb]:v.tr.To compute the difference between the debits and credits of (an account). [verb]:v.tr.To reconcile or equalize the sums of the debits and credits of (an account). [verb]:v.tr.To settle (an account, for example) by paying what is owed. [verb]:v.tr.To bring into or keep in equal or satisfying proportion or harmony. [verb]:v.tr.Mathematics To bring (an equation) into balance. [verb]:v.tr.Chemistry To bring (an equation) into balance. [verb]:v.tr.To move toward and then away from (a dance partner). [verb]:v.intr.To be in or come into equilibrium. [verb]:v.intr.To be equal or equivalent. [verb]:v.intr.To sway or waver as if losing or regaining equilibrium. [verb]:v.intr.To move toward and then away from a dance partner.
	compensate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To offset; counterbalance. [verb]:v.tr.To make satisfactory payment or reparation to; recompense or reimburse. [verb]:v.tr.To stabilize the purchasing power of (a monetary unit) by changing the gold content in order to counterbalance price variations. [verb]:v.intr.To serve as or provide a substitute or counterbalance.
	counteract	英文： 同上
	cushion	英文： 同上
	neutralize	英文： 同上
	soften	英文： 同上
注释：

送秋波，色迷迷地看(女子)	ogle	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To stare at. [verb]:v.tr.To stare at impertinently, flirtatiously, or amorously. [verb]:v.intr.To stare in an impertinent, flirtatious, or amorous manner.See Synonyms at gaze [n.]:An impertinent, flirtatious, or amorous stare.
	gaze	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To look steadily, intently, and with fixed attention. [n.]:A steady, fixed look.
注释：ogle：v.送秋波，色迷迷地看(女子)；n.媚眼

省略，排除，删除；疏忽，忘记做，遗漏	omit	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To fail to include or mention; leave out. [verb]:v.tr.To pass over; neglect. [verb]:v.tr.To desist or fail in doing; forbear.
	bar	英文： 同上
	exclude	英文： 同上
	miss	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To fail to hit, reach, catch, meet, or otherwise make contact with. [verb]:v.tr.To fail to perceive, understand, or experience. [verb]:v.tr.To fail to accomplish, achieve, or attain (a goal). [verb]:v.tr.To fail to attend or perform. [verb]:v.tr.To leave out; omit. [verb]:v.tr.To let go by; let slip. [verb]:v.tr.To escape or avoid. [verb]:v.tr.To discover the absence or loss of. [verb]:v.tr.To feel the lack or loss of. [verb]:v.intr.To fail to hit or otherwise make contact with something. [verb]:v.intr.To be unsuccessful; fail. [verb]:v.intr.To misfire, as an internal-combustion engine. [n.]:A failure to hit, succeed, or find. [n.]:The misfiring of an engine. [n.]:Miss Used as a courtesy title before the surname or full name of a girl or single woman.See Usage Note at Ms. [n.]:Used as a form of polite address for a girl or young woman. [n.]:A young unmarried woman. [n.]:Miss Used as a prefix to the name of that which a usually young woman is held to represent. [n.]:mis.ses A series of clothing sizes for women and girls of average height and proportions.
	neglect	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To pay little or no attention to; fail to heed; disregard. [verb]:v.tr.To fail to care for or attend to properly. [verb]:v.tr.To fail to do or carry out, as through carelessness or oversight. [n.]:The act or an instance of neglecting something. [n.]:The state of being neglected. [n.]:Habitual lack of care.
	skip	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To move by hopping on one foot and then the other. [verb]:v.intr.To leap lightly about. [verb]:v.intr.To bounce over or be deflected from a surface; skim or ricochet. [verb]:v.intr.To pass from point to point, omitting or disregarding what intervenes. [verb]:v.intr.To be promoted in school beyond the next regular class or grade. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To leave hastily; abscond. [verb]:v.intr.To misfire. Used of an engine. [verb]:v.tr.To leap or jump lightly over. [verb]:v.tr.To pass over without mentioning; omit. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to bounce lightly over a surface; skim. [verb]:v.tr.To be promoted beyond (the next grade or level). [verb]:v.tr.Informal To leave hastily. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To fail to attend. [n.]:A leaping or jumping movement, especially a gait in which hops and steps alternate. [n.]:An act of passing over something; an omission.
注释：同义短语：leave out

慢慢地流，渗出；（勇气）逐渐消失	ooze	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To flow or leak out slowly, as through small openings. [verb]:v.intr.To disappear or ebb slowly. [verb]:v.intr.To progress slowly but steadily. [verb]:v.intr.To exude moisture. [verb]:v.intr.To emit a particular essence or quality. [verb]:v.tr.To give off; exude. [verb]:v.tr.To emit or radiate in abundance. [n.]:The act of oozing. [n.]:Something that oozes. [n.]:An infusion of vegetable matter, as from oak bark, used in tanning. [n.]:Soft mud or slime. [n.]:A layer of mudlike sediment on the floor of oceans and lakes, composed chiefly of remains of microscopic sea animals. [n.]:Muddy ground.
	drip	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To fall in drops. [verb]:v.intr.To shed drops. [verb]:v.intr.To ooze or be saturated with or as if with liquid. [verb]:v.tr.To let fall in or as if in drops. [n.]:The process of forming and falling in drops. [n.]:Liquid or moisture that falls in drops. [n.]:A slight intermittent flow or leak. [n.]:The sound made by liquid falling in drops. [n.]:A projection on a cornice or sill that protects the area below from rainwater. [n.]:Slang A tiresome or annoying person.
	filter	英文： [n.]:A porous material through which a liquid or gas is passed in order to separate the fluid from suspended particulate matter. [n.]:A device containing such a substance. [n.]:Any of various electric, electronic, acoustic, or optical devices used to reject signals, vibrations, or radiations of certain frequencies while passing others. [verb]:v.tr.To pass (a liquid or gas) through a filter. [verb]:v.tr.To remove by passing through a filter. [verb]:v.intr.To pass through or as if through a filter. [verb]:v.intr.To come or go gradually and in small groups.
	flow	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To move or run smoothly with unbroken continuity, as in the manner characteristic of a fluid. [verb]:v.intr.To issue in a stream; pour forth. [verb]:v.intr.To circulate, as the blood in the body. [verb]:v.intr.To move with a continual shifting of the component particles. [verb]:v.intr.To proceed steadily and easily. [verb]:v.intr.To exhibit a smooth or graceful continuity. [verb]:v.intr.To hang loosely and gracefully. [verb]:v.intr.To rise. Used of the tide. [verb]:v.intr.To arise; derive. [verb]:v.intr.To abound or teem. [verb]:v.intr.To stream copiously; flood. [verb]:v.intr.To menstruate. [verb]:v.intr.To undergo plastic deformation without cracking or breaking. Used of rocks, metals, or minerals. [verb]:v.tr.To release as a flow. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to flow. [n.]:The act of flowing. [n.]:The smooth motion characteristic of fluids. [n.]:A stream or current. [n.]:A flood or an overflow. [n.]:A residual mass that has stopped flowing. [n.]:A continuous output or outpouring. [n.]:A continuous movement or circulation. [n.]:The amount that flows in a given period of time. [n.]:The rising of the tide. [n.]:Continuity and smoothness of appearance. [n.]:A general movement or tendency. [n.]:The sequence in which operations are performed. [n.]:An apparent ease or effortlessness of performance. [n.]:Menstrual discharge.
	leak	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To permit the escape, entry, or passage of something through a breach or flaw. [verb]:v.intr.To escape or pass through a breach or flaw. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To become publicly known through a breach of secrecy. [verb]:v.tr.To permit (a substance) to escape or pass through a breach or flaw. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To disclose without authorization or official sanction. [n.]:A crack or flaw that permits something to escape from or enter a container or conduit. [n.]:The act or instance of leaking. [n.]:An amount leaked. [n.]:Informal An unauthorized or a deliberate disclosure of confidential information. [n.]:Loss of electric current as a result of faulty insulation. [n.]:The path or place at which this loss takes place.
	seep	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To pass slowly through small openings or pores; ooze. [verb]:v.intr.To enter, depart, or become diffused gradually. [n.]:A spot where water or petroleum trickles out of the ground to form a pool. [n.]:Seepage.
注释：

想，以为	opine	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To hold or state as an opinion.
	think	英文： 同上
	suppose	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To assume to be true or real for the sake of argument or explanation. [verb]:v.tr.To believe, especially on uncertain or tentative grounds. [verb]:v.tr.To consider to be probable or likely. [verb]:v.tr.To imply as an antecedent condition; presuppose. [verb]:v.tr.To consider as a suggestion. [verb]:v.intr.To imagine; conjecture.
	imagine	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To form a mental picture or image of. [verb]:v.tr.To think; conjecture. [verb]:v.tr.To have a notion of or about without adequate foundation; fancy. [verb]:v.intr.To employ the imagination. [verb]:v.intr.To make a guess; conjecture.
	reckon	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To count or compute. See Synonyms at calculate [verb]:v.tr.To consider as being; regard as.See Synonyms at consider [verb]:v.tr.Informal To think or assume. [verb]:v.intr.To make a calculation; figure. [verb]:v.intr.To rely with confident expectancy. See Synonyms at rely
	guess	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To predict (a result or an event) without sufficient information. [verb]:v.tr.To assume, presume, or assert (a fact) without sufficient information. [verb]:v.tr.To form a correct estimate or conjecture of. [verb]:v.tr.To suppose; think. [verb]:v.intr.To make an estimate or conjecture. [verb]:v.intr.To estimate or conjecture correctly.See Synonyms at conjecture [n.]:An act or instance of guessing. [n.]:A conjecture arrived at by guessing.
注释：

反对	oppose	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To be in contention or conflict with. [verb]:v.tr.To be resistant to. [verb]:v.tr.To place opposite in contrast or counterbalance. [verb]:v.tr.To place so as to be opposite something else. [verb]:v.intr.To act or be in opposition.
	contradict	英文： 同上
	counteract	英文： 同上
	cross	英文： 同上
	dispute	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To argue about; debate. [verb]:v.tr.To question the truth or validity of; doubt. [verb]:v.tr.To strive to win (a prize, for example); contest for. [verb]:v.tr.To strive against; resist. [verb]:v.intr.To engage in discussion or argument; debate.See Synonyms at discuss [verb]:v.intr.To quarrel angrily. [n.]:A verbal controversy; a debate. [n.]:An angry altercation; a quarrel. See Synonyms at argument
	fight	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To attempt to harm or gain power over an adversary by blows or with weapons. [verb]:v.intr.Sports To engage in boxing or wrestling. [verb]:v.intr.To engage in a quarrel; argue. [verb]:v.intr.To strive vigorously and resolutely. [verb]:v.tr.To contend with physically or in battle. [verb]:v.tr.To wage or carry on (a battle). [verb]:v.tr.To contend for, by or as if by combat. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To box or wrestle against in a ring. [verb]:v.tr.To participate in (a boxing match, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To set (a boxer, for example) in combat with another.See Synonyms at oppose [verb]:v.tr.To contend with or struggle against. [verb]:v.tr.To try to prevent the development or success of. [verb]:v.tr.To gain by struggle or striving. [n.]:A confrontation between opposing groups in which each attempts to harm or gain power over the other, as with bodily force or weapons. [n.]:A quarrel or conflict. [n.]:A physical conflict between two or more individuals. [n.]:Sports A boxing or wrestling match. [n.]:A struggle to achieve an objective.See Synonyms at conflict [n.]:The power or inclination to fight; pugnacity.
	hinder	英文： 同上
	refute	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof. [verb]:v.tr.To deny the accuracy or truth of.
	resist	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To strive to fend off or offset the actions, effects, or force of. [verb]:v.tr.To remain firm against the actions, effects, or force of; withstand. [verb]:v.tr.To keep from giving in to or enjoying. [verb]:v.intr.To offer resistance.See Synonyms at oppose [n.]:A substance that can cover and protect a surface, as from corrosion.
	struggle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To exert muscular energy, as against a material force or mass. [verb]:v.intr.To be strenuously engaged with a problem, a task, or an undertaking. [verb]:v.intr.To make a strenuous effort; strive. [verb]:v.intr.To contend or compete. [verb]:v.intr.To progress with difficulty. [verb]:v.tr.To move or place (something) with an effort. [n.]:The act of struggling. [n.]:Strenuous effort; striving. [n.]:Combat; strife.
注释：

压迫，压制	oppress	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To keep down by severe and unjust use of force or authority. [verb]:v.tr.To weigh heavily on. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To overwhelm or crush.
	overbear	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To crush or press down on with physical force. [verb]:v.tr.To prevail over, as if by superior weight or force; dominate. [verb]:v.tr.To be more important than; outweigh. [verb]:v.intr.To bear an overabundance of fruit or offspring.
	crush	英文： 同上
	persecute	英文： 同上
	suppress	英文： 同上
注释：overbear：压倒；镇压；比…更重要

任命(神职)；颁发命令	ordain	英文： 同上
	authorize	英文： 同上
	bid	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To issue a command to; direct.See Synonyms at command [verb]:v.tr.To utter (a greeting or salutation). [verb]:v.tr.To invite to attend; summon. [verb]:v.tr.past tense and past participle bid Games To state one's intention to take (tricks of a certain number or suit in cards). [verb]:v.tr.past tense and past participle bid To offer or propose (an amount) as a price. [verb]:v.tr.past tense and past participle bid To offer (someone) membership, as in a group or club. [verb]:v.intr.past tense and past participle bid To make an offer to pay or accept a specified price. [verb]:v.intr.past tense and past participle bid To seek to win or attain something; strive. [n.]:An offer or proposal of a price. [n.]:The amount offered or proposed. [n.]:An invitation, especially one offering membership in a group or club. [n.]:Games [n.]:The act of bidding in cards. [n.]:The number of tricks or points declared. [n.]:The trump or no-trump declared. [n.]:The turn of a player to bid. [n.]:An earnest effort to win or attain something.
	command	英文： 同上
	decide	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To settle conclusively all contention or uncertainty about. [verb]:v.tr.To influence or determine the outcome of. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to make or reach a decision. [verb]:v.intr.To pronounce a judgment; announce a verdict. [verb]:v.intr.To make up one's mind.
	decree	英文： [n.]:An authoritative order having the force of law. [n.]:Law The judgment of a court of equity, admiralty, probate, or divorce. [n.]:Roman Catholic Church [n.]:A doctrinal or disciplinary act of an ecumenical council. [n.]:An administrative act applying or interpreting articles of canon law. [verb]:v.tr.To ordain, establish, or decide by decree.See Synonyms at dictate [verb]:v.intr.To issue a decree.
	dictate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To say or read aloud to be recorded or written by another. [verb]:v.tr.To prescribe with authority; impose. [verb]:v.tr.To control or command. [verb]:v.intr.To say or read aloud material to be recorded or written by another. [verb]:v.intr.To issue orders or commands. [n.]:A directive; a command. [n.]:A guiding principle.
	direct	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To manage or conduct the affairs of; regulate. [verb]:v.tr.To have or take charge of; control.See Synonyms at conduct [verb]:v.tr.To give authoritative instructions to. See Synonyms at command [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move toward a goal; aim.See Synonyms at aim [verb]:v.tr.To show or indicate the way for. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move in or follow a straight course. [verb]:v.tr.To indicate the intended recipient on (a letter, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To address or adapt (remarks, for example) to a specific person, audience, or purpose. [verb]:v.tr.To give guidance and instruction to (actors or musicians, for example) in the rehearsal and performance of a work. [verb]:v.tr.To supervise the performance of. [verb]:v.intr.To give commands or directions. [verb]:v.intr.To conduct a performance or rehearsal. [adj.]:Proceeding without interruption in a straight course or line; not deviating or swerving. [adj.]:Straightforward and candid; frank. [adj.]:Having no intervening persons, conditions, or agencies; immediate. [adj.]:Effected by action of the voters, rather than through elected representatives or delegates. [adj.]:Being of unbroken descent; lineal. [adj.]:Consisting of the exact words of the writer or speaker. [adj.]:Lacking compromising or mitigating elements; absolute. [adj.]:Mathematics Varying in the same manner as another quantity, especially increasing if another quantity increases or decreasing if it decreases. [adj.]:Astronomy Designating west-to-east motion of a planet in the same direction as the sun's movement against the stars. [adv.]:Straight; directly.
	instruct	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To provide with knowledge, especially in a methodical way. See Synonyms at teach [verb]:v.tr.To give orders to; direct. See Synonyms at command [verb]:v.intr.To serve as an instructor.
	order	英文： [n.]:Abbr. ord.,O,O.,o.A condition of logical or comprehensible arrangement among the separate elements of a group. [n.]:A condition of methodical or prescribed arrangement among component parts such that proper functioning or appearance is achieved. [n.]:Condition or state in general. [n.]:The established system of social organization. [n.]:A condition in which freedom from disorder or disruption is maintained through respect for established authority. [n.]:A sequence or an arrangement of successive things. [n.]:The prescribed form or customary procedure. [n.]:An authoritative indication to be obeyed; a command or direction. [n.]:A command given by a superior military officer requiring obedience, as in the execution of a task. [n.]:orders Formal written instructions to report for military duty at a specified time and place. [n.]:A commission or an instruction to buy, sell, or supply something. [n.]:That which is supplied, bought, or sold. [n.]:A request made by a customer at a restaurant for a portion of food. [n.]:The food requested. [n.]:Law A direction or command delivered by a court or other adjudicative body and entered into the record but not necessarily included in the final judgment or verdict. [n.]:Ecclesiastical [n.]:Any of several grades of the Christian ministry. [n.]:Often orders The rank of an ordained Christian minister or priest. [n.]:Often orders The sacrament or rite of ordination. [n.]:Any of the nine grades or choirs of angels. [n.]:A group of persons living under a religious rule. [n.]:An organization of people united by a common fraternal bond or social aim. [n.]:A group of people upon whom a government or sovereign has formally conferred honor for unusual service or merit, entitling them to wear a special insignia. [n.]:The insignia worn by such people. [n.]:Often orders A social class. [n.]:A class defined by the common attributes of its members; a kind. [n.]:Degree of quality or importance; rank. [n.]:Architecture [n.]:Any of several styles of classical architecture characterized by the type of column employed. [n.]:A style of building. [n.]:Biology A taxonomic category of organisms ranking above a family and below a class.See table at taxonomy [n.]:Mathematics [n.]:The sum of the exponents to which the variables in a term are raised; degree. [n.]:An indicated number of successive differentiations to be performed. [n.]:The number of elements in a finite group. [n.]:The number of rows or columns in a determinant or matrix. [verb]:v.tr.To issue a command or an instruction to.See Synonyms at command [verb]:v.tr.To give a command or an instruction for. [verb]:v.tr.To direct to proceed as specified. [verb]:v.tr.To give an order for; request to be supplied with. [verb]:v.tr.To put into a methodical, systematic arrangement.See Synonyms at arrange [verb]:v.tr.To predestine; ordain. [verb]:v.intr.To give an order or orders; request that something be done or supplied.
	rule	英文： [n.]:Governing power or its possession or use; authority. [n.]:The duration of such power. [n.]:An authoritative, prescribed direction for conduct, especially one of the regulations governing procedure in a legislative body or a regulation observed by the players in a game, sport, or contest. [n.]:The body of regulations prescribed by the founder of a religious order for governing the conduct of its members. [n.]:A usual, customary, or generalized course of action or behavior. [n.]:A generalized statement that describes what is true in most or all cases. [n.]:Mathematics A standard method or procedure for solving a class of problems. [n.]:Law [n.]:A court order limited in application to a specific case. [n.]:A subordinate regulation governing a particular matter. [n.]:See  ruler [n.]:Printing A thin metal strip of various widths and designs, used to print borders or lines, as between columns. [verb]:v.tr.To exercise control, dominion, or direction over; govern. [verb]:v.tr.To dominate by powerful influence. [verb]:v.tr.To decide or declare authoritatively or judicially; decree.See Synonyms at decide [verb]:v.tr.To mark with straight parallel lines. [verb]:v.tr.To mark (a straight line), as with a ruler. [verb]:v.intr.To be in total control or command; exercise supreme authority. [verb]:v.intr.To formulate and issue a decree or decision. [verb]:v.intr.To prevail at a particular level or rate.
	sanction	英文： [n.]:Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid.See Synonyms at permission [n.]:Support or encouragement, as from public opinion or established custom. [n.]:A consideration, an influence, or a principle that dictates an ethical choice. [n.]:A law or decree. [n.]:The penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree. [n.]:A penalty, specified or in the form of moral pressure, that acts to ensure compliance or conformity. [n.]:A coercive measure adopted usually by several nations acting together against a nation violating international law. [verb]:v.tr.To give official authorization or approval to. [verb]:v.tr.To encourage or tolerate by indicating approval.See Synonyms at approve
注释：

确定方向；使熟悉情况	orient	英文： [n.]:Orient The countries of Asia, especially of eastern Asia. [n.]:The luster characteristic of a pearl of high quality. [n.]:A pearl having exceptional luster. [n.]:Archaic The place on the horizon where the sun rises; the east. [adj.]:Having exceptional luster. [adj.]:Archaic Eastern; oriental. [adj.]:Archaic Rising in the sky; ascending. [verb]:v.tr.To locate or place in a particular relation to the points of the compass. [verb]:v.tr.To locate or place (something) so as to face the east, especially to build (a church) with the nave laid out west to east and the main altar at the eastern end. [verb]:v.tr.To align or position with respect to a point or system of reference. [verb]:v.tr.To determine the bearings of. [verb]:v.tr.To make familiar with or adjusted to facts, principles, or a situation. [verb]:v.tr.To focus (the content of a story or film, for example) toward the concerns and interests of a specific group. [verb]:v.intr.To turn toward the east. [verb]:v.intr.To become adjusted or aligned.
	orientate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To orient. [verb]:v.intr.To face or turn to the east.
	point	英文： [n.]:Abbr. pt.A sharp or tapered end. [n.]:An object having a sharp or tapered end. [n.]:A tapering extension of land projecting into water; a peninsula, cape, or promontory. [n.]:A mark formed by or as if by a sharp end. [n.]:A mark or dot used in printing or writing for punctuation, especially a period. [n.]:A decimal point. [n.]:Linguistics A vowel point. [n.]:One of the protruding marks used in certain methods of writing and printing for the sightless. [n.]:Mathematics A dimensionless geometric object having no properties except location. [n.]:A place or locality considered with regard to its position. [n.]:A narrowly particularized and localized position or place; a spot. [n.]:A specified degree, condition, or limit, as in a scale or course. [n.]:Any of the 32 equal divisions marked at the circumference of a mariner's compass card that indicate direction. [n.]:The interval between any two adjacent markings. [n.]:A distinct condition or degree. [n.]:The interval of time immediately before a given occurrence; the verge. [n.]:A specific moment in time. [n.]:An objective or a purpose to be reached or achieved, or one that is worth reaching or achieving. [n.]:The major idea or essential part of a concept or narrative. [n.]:A significant, outstanding, or effective idea, argument, or suggestion. [n.]:A separate, distinguishing item or element; a detail. [n.]:A quality or characteristic that is important or distinctive, especially a standard characteristic used to judge an animal. [n.]:A single unit, as in counting, rating, or measuring. [n.]:A unit of academic credit usually equal to one hour of class work per week during one semester. [n.]:A numerical unit of academic achievement equal to a letter grade. [n.]:Sports Games A unit of scoring or counting. [n.]:A unit equal to one dollar, used to quote or state variations in the current prices of stocks or commodities. [n.]:A unit equal to one percent, used to quote or state interest rates or shares in gross profits. [n.]:One percent of the total principal of a loan, paid up front to the lender and considered separately from the interest. [n.]:Music A phrase, such as a fugue subject, in contrapuntal music. [n.]:Printing A unit of type size equal to 0.01384 inch, or approximately 1/72 of an inch. [n.]:A jeweler's unit of weight equal to 2 milligrams or 0.01 carat. [n.]:The act or an instance of pointing. [n.]:The stiff and attentive stance taken by a hunting dog. [n.]:Needlepoint. [n.]:See  bobbin lace [n.]:A reconnaissance or patrol unit that moves ahead of an advance party or guard, or that follows a rear guard. [n.]:The position occupied by such a unit or guard. [n.]:An electrical contact, especially one in the distributor of an automobile engine. [n.]:Chiefly British An electrical socket or outlet. [n.]:points The extremities of an animal, such as a horse or dog. [n.]:A movable rail, tapered at the end, such as that used in a railroad switch. [n.]:The vertex of the angle created by the intersection of rails in a frog or switch. [n.]:A ribbon or cord with a metal tag at the end, used to fasten clothing in the 16th and 17th centuries. [verb]:v.tr.To direct or aim. See Synonyms at aim [verb]:v.tr.To bring (something) to notice. [verb]:v.tr.To indicate the position or direction of. [verb]:v.tr.To sharpen (a pencil, for example); provide with a point. [verb]:v.tr.To separate with decimal points. [verb]:v.tr.To mark (text) with points; punctuate. [verb]:v.tr.Linguistics To mark (a consonant) with a vowel point. [verb]:v.tr.To give emphasis to; stress. [verb]:v.tr.To indicate the presence and position of (game) by standing immobile and directing the muzzle toward it. Used of a hunting dog. [verb]:v.tr.To fill and finish the joints of (masonry) with cement or mortar. [verb]:v.intr.To direct attention or indicate position with or as if with the finger. [verb]:v.intr.To turn the mind or thought in a particular direction or to a particular conclusion. [verb]:v.intr.To be turned or faced in a given direction; aim. [verb]:v.intr.To indicate the presence and position of game. Used of a hunting dog. [verb]:v.intr.Nautical To sail close to the wind.
注释：orient：a.上升的；v.确定方向；使熟悉情况

摆动；(思想、想法、感情)摇摆不定	oscillate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To swing back and forth with a steady, uninterrupted rhythm. [verb]:v.intr.To waver, as between conflicting opinions or courses of action; vacillate. See Synonyms at swing [verb]:v.intr.Physics To vary between alternate extremes, usually within a definable period of time.
	hover	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To remain floating, suspended, or fluttering in the air. [verb]:v.intr.To remain or linger in or near a place. See Synonyms at flutter [verb]:v.intr.To remain in an uncertain state; wave. [n.]:The act or state of hovering.
	vacillate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To sway from one side to the other; oscillate. [verb]:v.intr.To swing indecisively from one course of action or opinion to another.See Synonyms at hesitate
	vibrate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To move back and forth or to and fro, especially rhythmically and rapidly.See Synonyms at swing [verb]:v.intr.To feel a quiver of emotion. [verb]:v.intr.To shake or move with or as if with a slight quivering or trembling motion. [verb]:v.intr.To produce a sound; resonate. [verb]:v.intr.To fluctuate or waver in making choices; vacillate. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to tremble or quiver. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to move back and forth rapidly. [verb]:v.tr.To produce (sound) by vibration.
注释：

硬化，骨化；（贬）使（传统）僵化	ossify	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To change into bone; become bony. [verb]:v.intr.To become set in a rigidly conventional pattern. [verb]:v.tr.To convert (a membrane or cartilage, for example) into bone. [verb]:v.tr.To mold into a rigidly conventional pattern.
	petrify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To convert (wood or other organic matter) into a stony replica by petrifaction. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to become stiff or stonelike; deaden. [verb]:v.tr.To stun or paralyze with terror; daze. [verb]:v.intr.To become stony, especially by petrifaction.
	rigidify	英文： [verb]:v.intr.tr.To become or cause to become rigid.
注释：

放逐，排斥（出某集团）	ostracize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To exclude from a group. See Synonyms at blackball [verb]:v.tr.To banish by ostracism, as in ancient Greece.
	ban	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To prohibit, especially by official decree.See Synonyms at forbid [verb]:v.tr.South African To deprive (a person suspected of illegal activity) of the right of free movement and association with others. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To curse. [n.]:An excommunication or condemnation by church officials. [n.]:A prohibition imposed by law or official decree. [n.]:Censure, condemnation, or disapproval expressed especially by public opinion. [n.]:A curse; an imprecation. [n.]:A summons to arms in feudal times. [n.]:A unit of currency in Romania.See table at currency.
	banish	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To force to leave a country or place by official decree; exile. [verb]:v.tr.To drive away; expel.
	blackball	英文： [n.]:A negative vote, especially one that blocks the admission of an applicant to an organization. [n.]:A small black ball used as a negative ballot. [verb]:v.tr.To vote against, especially to veto the admission of. [verb]:v.tr.To shut out from social or commercial participation; ostracize or boycott.
	shun	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To avoid deliberately; keep away from.See Synonyms at escape
	ostracise	英文： [verb]:British variant ofostracize.
注释：①放逐，排斥（出某集团）：n. ostracism; v. Ostracize ②同义短语：cast out

驱逐；把…赶走	oust	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To eject from a position or place; force out. [verb]:v.tr.To take the place of, especially by force; supplant.See Synonyms at eject
	remove	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To move from a place or position occupied. [verb]:v.tr.To transfer or convey from one place to another. [verb]:v.tr.To take off. [verb]:v.tr.To take away; withdraw. [verb]:v.tr.To do away with; eliminate. [verb]:v.tr.To dismiss from office. [verb]:v.intr.To change one's place of residence or business; move. [verb]:v.intr.To go away; depart. [verb]:v.intr.To be removable. [n.]:The act of removing; removal. [n.]:Distance or degree of separation or remoteness.
	eject	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To throw out forcefully; expel. [verb]:v.tr.To compel to leave. [verb]:v.tr.To evict. [verb]:v.intr.To make an emergency exit from an aircraft by deployment of an ejection seat or capsule.
	evict	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To put out (a tenant, for example) by legal process; expel. [verb]:v.tr.To force out; eject.See Synonyms at eject [verb]:v.tr.Law To recover (property, for example) by a superior claim or legal process.
	dispossess	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deprive (another) of the possession or occupancy of something, such as real property.
	depose	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To remove from office or power. [verb]:v.tr.To dethrone. [verb]:v.tr.Law [verb]:v.tr.To state or affirm in a deposition or by affidavit. [verb]:v.tr.To take a deposition from. [verb]:v.tr.To put or lay down; deposit. [verb]:v.intr.Law To give a deposition; testify.
	expel	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To force or drive out. [verb]:v.tr.To discharge from or as if from a receptacle. [verb]:v.tr.To force to leave; deprive of membership.
注释：同义短语：boot out, drum out, kick out, throw out.

生长速度超过…，长得比…快	outgrow	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To grow too large for. [verb]:v.tr.To lose or discard in the course of maturation. [verb]:v.tr.To surpass in growth.
	overgrow	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To grow over with herbage or foliage. [verb]:v.tr.To grow beyond or too large for. [verb]:v.intr.To grow beyond normal or usual size. [verb]:v.intr.To become grown over, as with unwanted vegetation or weeds.
注释：

比…持久	outlast	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To last longer than.See Synonyms at outlive
	outlive	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To live longer than. [verb]:v.tr.To continue in use or existence long enough to survive (something else).
	survive	英文： [verb]:v.intr.活着，继续存在 [verb]:v.tr.To live longer than; outlive. [verb]:v.tr.To live or persist through.
注释：

以策略制胜	outmaneuver	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To surpass in intelligence.
	outwit	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To surpass in intelligence.
	outdo	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To do more or better than in performance or action.See Synonyms at excel
	outsmart	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To gain the advantage over by cunning; outwit.
注释：outwit：以机智胜过

比…更好，比…更出色	outshine	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To shine brighter than. [verb]:v.tr.To be more beautiful, splendid, or flamboyant than. [verb]:v.tr.To surpass in obvious excellence; outdo. [verb]:v.intr.To shine forth.
	outdo	英文： 同上
	tower	英文： [n.]:A building or part of a building that is exceptionally high in proportion to its width and length. [n.]:A tall, slender structure used for observation, signaling, or pumping. [n.]:One that conspicuously embodies strength, firmness, or another virtue. [verb]:v.intr.To appear at or rise to a conspicuous height; loom. See Synonyms at rise [verb]:v.intr.To fly directly upward before swooping or falling. Used of certain birds. [verb]:v.intr.To demonstrate great superiority; be preeminent.
注释：

超越，超过；比…跑得快	outstrip	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To leave behind; outrun. [verb]:v.tr.To exceed or surpass.
	distance	英文： [n.]:Abbr. dist.,dis.The extent of space between two objects or places; an intervening space. [n.]:The fact or condition of being apart in space; remoteness. [n.]:Mathematics The length or numerical value of a straight line or curve. [n.]:The extent of space between points on a measured course. [n.]:The length of a race, especially of a horserace. [n.]:A point or an area that is far away. [n.]:A depiction of a point or an area that is far away. [n.]:A stretch of space without designation of limit; an expanse. [n.]:The extent of time between two events; an intervening period. [n.]:A point removed in time. [n.]:The period or length of a contest. [n.]:An amount of progress. [n.]:Difference or disagreement. [n.]:Chillness of manner; aloofness. [verb]:v.tr.To place or keep at or as if at a distance. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to appear at a distance. [verb]:v.tr.To leave far behind; outrun.
	exceed	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To be greater than; surpass. [verb]:v.tr.To go beyond the limits of.
	outdistance	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To outrun, especially in a long-distance race. [verb]:v.tr.To surpass by a wide margin, especially through superior skill or endurance.
	outdo	英文： 同上
	outgo	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To go beyond; exceed or surpass. [n.]:Something that goes out, especially an expenditure or a cost. [n.]:The act or process of going out.
	outmatch	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To prove greater or better than; surpass.
	outperform	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To surpass (another) in performance.
	surmount	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To overcome (an obstacle, for example); conquer. [verb]:v.tr.To ascend to the top of; climb. [verb]:v.tr.To place something above; top. [verb]:v.tr.To be above or on top of. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To surpass or exceed in amount.
	surpass	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of; transcend. [verb]:v.tr.To be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed.See Synonyms at excel.
注释：

比…重，比…更重要	outweigh	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To weigh more than. [verb]:v.tr.To be more significant than; exceed in value or importance.
	overbear	英文： 同上
	outbalance	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To exceed in influence or significance; outweigh.
	overbalance	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have greater weight or importance than. [verb]:v.tr.To throw off balance. [verb]:v.intr.To lose one's balance. [n.]:An excess in weight or quantity. [n.]:Something that overbalances or more than equals something else.
	preponderate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To exceed something else in weight. [verb]:v.intr.To be greater than something else, as in power, force, quantity, or importance; predominate. [adj.]:Preponderant.
	overwhelm	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To surge over and submerge; engulf. [verb]:v.tr.To defeat completely and decisively. [verb]:v.tr.To affect deeply in mind or emotion. [verb]:v.tr.To present with an excessive amount. [verb]:v.tr.To turn over; upset.
注释：overbear：压倒；镇压；比…更重要

威慑	overawe	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To control or subdue by inspiring awe.
	terrorize	英文： 同上
	deter	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt. See Synonyms at dissuade [verb]:v.intr.To prevent or discourage the occurrence of an action, as by means of fear or doubt.
注释：

使失去平衡	overbalance	英文： 同上
	preponderate	英文： 同上
	outweigh	英文： 同上
	outbalance	英文： 同上
注释：

使过度拥挤	overcrowd	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to be excessively crowded。 [verb]:v.intr.To crowd together excessively.
注释：

透支；夸大	overdraw	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To draw against (a bank account) in excess of credit. [verb]:v.tr.To pull back too far。 [verb]:v.tr.To spoil the effect of by exaggeration in telling or describing. [verb]:v.intr.To make an overdraft.
	amplify	英文： 同上
	exaggerate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To represent as greater than is actually the case; overstate. [verb]:v.tr.To enlarge or increase to an abnormal degree. [verb]:v.intr.To make overstatements.
	overstate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To state in exaggerated terms. See Synonyms at exaggerate
注释：

过分强调	overemphasize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.intr.To place too much emphasis on or employ too much emphasis.
	emphasize	英文： 同上
注释：

评价过高	overestimate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To estimate too highly. [verb]:v.tr.To esteem too greatly.
	overrate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To overestimate the merits of; rate too highly.
	overpraise	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To praise excessively.
	overvalue	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To assign too high a value to.
	overprize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To value too highly.
注释：overrate：对…评价过高

溢出；充满，洋溢	overflow	英文： 同上
	cascade	英文： 同上
	flood	英文： 同上
	inundate	英文： 同上
	spill	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause or allow (a substance) to run or fall out of a container. [verb]:v.tr.To scatter (objects) from containment. [verb]:v.tr.To shed (blood). [verb]:v.tr.Nautical [verb]:v.tr.To relieve the pressure of wind on (a sail). [verb]:v.tr.To cause or allow (wind) to be lost from a sail. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to fall. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To disclose (something previously unknown); divulge. [verb]:v.intr.To run or fall out of a container or containment. [verb]:v.intr.To come to the ground suddenly and involuntarily. [verb]:v.intr.To pour out or spread beyond limits. [n.]:The act of spilling. [n.]:An amount spilled. [n.]:A fall, as from a horse. [n.]:A spillway. [n.]:A piece of wood or rolled paper used to light a fire. [n.]:A small peg or rod, especially one used as a plug; a spile.
注释：同义短语：run over

彻底检查；大修	overhaul	英文： 同上
	condition	英文： [n.]:Abbr. cond.A mode or state of being. [n.]:A state of health. [n.]:A state of readiness or physical fitness.See Synonyms at state [n.]:A disease or physical ailment. [n.]:Social position; rank. [n.]:One that is indispensable to the appearance or occurrence of another; prerequisite. [n.]:One that restricts or modifies another; a qualification. [n.]:conditions Existing circumstances. [n.]:Grammar The dependent clause of a conditional sentence. [n.]:Logic A proposition on which another proposition depends; the antecedent of a conditional proposition. [n.]:Law [n.]:A provision making the effect of a legal instrument contingent on the occurrence of an uncertain future event. [n.]:The event itself. [n.]:An unsatisfactory grade given to a student, serving notice that deficiencies can be made up by the completion of additional work. [n.]:Obsolete Disposition; temperament. [verb]:v.tr.To make dependent on a condition or conditions. [verb]:v.tr.To stipulate as a condition. [verb]:v.tr.To render fit for work or use. [verb]:v.tr.To accustom (oneself or another) to; adapt. [verb]:v.tr.To air-condition. [verb]:v.tr.To give the unsatisfactory grade of condition to. [verb]:v.tr.Psychology To cause an organism to respond in a specific manner to a conditioned stimulus in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus. [verb]:v.tr.To replace moisture or oils in (hair, for example) by use of a therapeutic product.
	fix	英文： 同上
	mend	英文： 同上
	repair	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To restore to sound condition after damage or injury; fix. [verb]:v.tr.To set right; remedy. [verb]:v.tr.To renew or revitalize. [verb]:v.tr.To make up for or compensate for (a loss or wrong, for example). [verb]:v.intr.To make repairs. [n.]:Abbr. rep.The work, act, or process of repairing. [n.]:An instance of repairing. [n.]:General condition after use or repairing. [n.]:Something that has been repaired. [verb]:v.intr.To betake oneself; go. [verb]:v.intr.To go frequently or habitually. [n.]:An act of going or sojourning. [n.]:A place to which one goes frequently or habitually; a haunt.
	service	英文： [n.]:Abbr. serv.,svc Employment in duties or work for another, especially for a government. [n.]:A government branch or department and its employees. [n.]:The armed forces of a nation. [n.]:A branch of the armed forces of a nation. [n.]:Work or duties performed for a superior. [n.]:The occupation or duties of a servant. [n.]:Work done for others as an occupation or a business. [n.]:A department or branch of a hospital staff that provides specified patient care. [n.]:Installation, maintenance, or repairs provided or guaranteed by a dealer or manufacturer. [n.]:A facility providing the public with the use of something, such as water or transportation. [n.]:Acts of devotion to God; witness. [n.]:A religious rite. [n.]:An act of assistance or benefit to another or others; a favor. [n.]:The serving of food or the manner in which it is served. [n.]:A set of dishes or utensils. [n.]:Sports The act, manner, or right of serving in many court games; a serve. [n.]:Copulation with a female. [n.]:Law The serving of a writ or summons. [n.]:The material, such as cord, used in binding or wrapping rope. [verb]:v.tr.To make fit for use; adjust, repair, or maintain. [verb]:v.tr.To provide services to. [verb]:v.tr.To make interest payments on (a debt). [verb]:v.tr.To copulate with. [adj.]:Abbr. serv. Of or relating to the armed forces of a country. [adj.]:Intended for use in supplying or serving. [adj.]:Offering repairs or maintenance. [adj.]:Offering services to the public in response to need or demand.
注释：

部分重叠	overlap	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To lie or extend over and cover part of. [verb]:v.tr.To have an area or a range in common with. [verb]:v.intr.To lie over and partly cover something. [verb]:v.intr.To correspond in character or function. [verb]:v.intr.Mathematics To have one or more elements in common. Used of sets. [n.]:A part or portion that overlaps or is overlapped. [n.]:An instance of overlapping.
	lap	英文： [n.]:The front area from the waist to the knees of a seated person. [n.]:The portion of a garment that covers the lap. [n.]:A hanging or flaplike part, especially of a garment. [n.]:An area of responsibility, interest, or control. [verb]:v.tr.To place or lay (something) so as to overlap another. [verb]:v.tr.To lie partly over or on. [verb]:v.tr.To fold (something) over onto itself. [verb]:v.tr.To wrap or wind around (something); encircle. [verb]:v.tr.To envelop in something; swathe. [verb]:v.tr.To join (pieces, as of wood) by means of a scarf or lap joint. [verb]:v.tr.To get ahead of (an opponent) in a race by one or more complete circuits of the course. [verb]:v.tr.To convert (cotton or other fibers) into a sheet or layer. [verb]:v.tr.To polish (a surface) until smooth. [verb]:v.tr.To hone (two mating parts) against each other until closely fitted. [verb]:v.intr.To lie partly on or over something; overlap. [verb]:v.intr.To form a lap or fold. [verb]:v.intr.To wind around or enfold something. [n.]:A part that overlaps. [n.]:The amount by which one part overlaps another. [n.]:One complete round or circuit, especially of a racetrack. [n.]:One complete length of a straight course, as of a swimming pool. [n.]:A segment or stage, as of a trip. [n.]:A length, as of rope, required to make one complete turn around something. [n.]:The act of lapping or encircling. [n.]:A continuous band or layer of cotton, flax, or other fiber. [n.]:A wheel, disk, or slab of leather or metal, either stationary or rotating, used for polishing and smoothing. [verb]:v.tr.To take in (a liquid or food) by lifting it with the tongue. [verb]:v.tr.To wash or slap against with soft liquid sounds. [verb]:v.intr.To take in a liquid or food with the tongue. [verb]:v.intr.To wash against something with soft liquid sounds. [n.]:The act or an instance of lapping. [n.]:The amount taken in by lapping. [n.]:The sound of lapping. [n.]:A watery food or drink.
注释：

使超载	overload	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To load too heavily. [n.]:An excessive load.
	clog	英文： 同上
	overburden	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To burden with too much weight; overload. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to an excessive burden or strain; overtax. [n.]:An excessive burden; an overload. [n.]:Geology [n.]:Material overlying a useful mineral deposit. [n.]:Sedimentary rock covering older crystalline layers. [n.]:Archaeology A sterile stratum overlying a stratum bearing traces of the culture being studied.
	overcharge	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To charge (a party) an excessive price for something. [verb]:v.tr.To fill too full; overload. [verb]:v.tr.To overstate or exaggerate. [verb]:v.intr.To charge too much. [n.]:Abbr. o/c An excessive charge or price. [n.]:A load or burden that is too full or heavy.
	surcharge	英文： [n.]:An additional sum added to the usual amount or cost. [n.]:An overcharge, especially when unlawful. [n.]:An additional or excessive burden; an overload. [n.]:A new value or denomination overprinted on a postage or revenue stamp. [n.]:The stamp to which a new value has been applied. [n.]:Law The act of surcharging. [verb]:v.tr.To charge (a person) an additional sum. [verb]:v.tr.To overcharge (a person). [verb]:v.tr.To place an excessive burden on; overload. [verb]:v.tr.To fill beyond usual capacity; overfill. [verb]:v.tr.To print a surcharge on (a postage or revenue stamp). [verb]:v.tr.Law To show an omission of a credit in (an account). [verb]:v.tr.To require (a person) to reimburse funds spent without authorization.
注释：

忽视	overlook	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To look over or at from a higher place. [verb]:v.tr.To rise above, especially so as to afford a view over. [verb]:v.tr.To fail to notice or consider; miss. [verb]:v.tr.To ignore deliberately or indulgently; disregard. [verb]:v.tr.To look over; examine. [verb]:v.tr.To watch over; oversee.See Synonyms at supervise [n.]:An elevated place that affords an extensive view.
	disregard	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To pay no attention or heed to; ignore. [verb]:v.tr.To treat without proper respect or attentiveness. [n.]:Lack of thoughtful attention or due regard.
	ignore	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To refuse to pay attention to; disregard.See Regional Note at igg
	igg	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ignore.
	miss	英文： 同上
	neglect	英文： 同上
	skip	英文： 同上
注释：①“忽视”释义下的同义词：pass over, skip, let slip, neglect, disregard, miss, ignore. ②“眺望；俯瞰”释义下的同义词：face, view, watch.

俯视，从上往下看	overlook	英文： 同上
	face	英文： [n.]:The surface of the front of the head from the top of the forehead to the base of the chin and from ear to ear. [n.]:A person. [n.]:A person's countenance. [n.]:A contorted facial expression; a grimace. [n.]:Outward appearance. [n.]:Value or standing in the eyes of others; prestige. [n.]:Self-assurance; confidence. [n.]:Effrontery; impudence. [n.]:The most significant or prominent surface of an object, especially. [n.]:The surface presented to view; the front. [n.]:A façade. [n.]:Outer surface. [n.]:A marked side. [n.]:The right side, as of fabric. [n.]:Geometry A planar surface of a geometric solid. [n.]:Any of the surfaces of a rock or crystal. [n.]:The end, as of a mine or tunnel, at which work is advancing. [n.]:The appearance and geologic surface features of an area of land; topography. [n.]:Printing A typeface or range of typefaces. [verb]:v.tr.To occupy a position with the face toward. [verb]:v.tr.To front on. [verb]:v.tr.To confront with complete awareness. [verb]:v.tr.To overcome by confronting boldly or bravely. [verb]:v.tr.To confront with impudence. [verb]:v.tr.To be certain to encounter; have in store. [verb]:v.tr.To bring or to be brought face to face with. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (troops) to change direction by giving a command. [verb]:v.tr.Games To turn (a playing card) so that the face is up. [verb]:v.tr.To furnish with a surface or cover of a different material. [verb]:v.tr.To line or trim the edge of, especially with contrasting material. [verb]:v.tr.To treat the surface of so as to smooth. [verb]:v.intr.To be turned or placed with the front toward a specified direction. [verb]:v.intr.To turn the face in a specified direction.
	view	英文： [n.]:An examination or inspection. [n.]:A systematic survey; coverage. [n.]:An individual and personal perception, judgment, or interpretation; an opinion. See Synonyms at opinion [n.]:Field of vision. [n.]:A scene or vista. [n.]:A picture of a landscape. [n.]:A way of showing or seeing something, as from a particular position or angle. [n.]:Something kept in sight as an aim or intention. [n.]:Expectation; chance. [verb]:v.tr.To look at; watch. [verb]:v.tr.To examine or inspect. [verb]:v.tr.To survey or study mentally; consider. [verb]:v.tr.To think of in a particular way; regard.
	watch	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To look or observe attentively or carefully; be closely observant. [verb]:v.intr.To look and wait expectantly or in anticipation. [verb]:v.intr.To act as a spectator; look on. [verb]:v.intr.To stay awake at night while serving as a guard, sentinel, or watcher. [verb]:v.intr.To stay alert as a devotional or religious exercise; keep vigil. [verb]:v.tr.To look at steadily; observe carefully or continuously. [verb]:v.tr.To keep a watchful eye on; guard. [verb]:v.tr.To observe the course of mentally; keep up on or informed about. [verb]:v.tr.To tend (a flock, for example).See Synonyms at tend [n.]:The act or process of keeping awake or mentally alert, especially for the purpose of guarding. [n.]:The act of observing closely or the condition of being closely observed; surveillance. [n.]:A period of close observation, often in order to discover something. [n.]:A person or group of people serving, especially at night, to guard or protect. [n.]:The post or period of duty of a guard, sentinel, or watcher. [n.]:Any of the periods into which the night is divided; a part of the night. [n.]:Nautical [n.]:Any of the periods of time into which the day aboard ship is divided and during which a part of the crew is assigned to duty. [n.]:The members of a ship's crew on duty during a specific watch. [n.]:A chronometer on a ship. [n.]:A period of wakefulness, especially one observed as a religious vigil. [n.]:A funeral wake. [n.]:A small portable timepiece, especially one worn on the wrist or carried in the pocket. [n.]:A flock of nightingales.See Synonyms at flock
注释：“眺望；俯瞰”释义下的同义词：face, view, watch.

压倒	overpower	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To overcome or vanquish by superior force; subdue. [verb]:v.tr.To affect so strongly as to make helpless or ineffective; overwhelm. [verb]:v.tr.To supply with excessive mechanical power.
	overbear	英文： 同上
	overwhelm	英文： 同上
	conquer	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To defeat or subdue by force, especially by force of arms. [verb]:v.tr.To gain or secure control of by or as if by force of arms。 [verb]:v.tr.To overcome or surmount by physical, mental, or moral force. See Synonyms at defeat [verb]:v.intr.To be victorious; win.
	crush	英文： 同上
	defeat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To win victory over; beat. [verb]:v.tr.To prevent the success of; thwart. [verb]:v.tr.Law To make void; annul. [n.]:The act of defeating or state of being defeated. [n.]:Failure to win. [n.]:A coming to naught; frustration. [n.]:Law The act of making null and void.
	master	英文： [n.]:Abbr. M. One that has control over another or others. [n.]:The owner of a slave or an animal. [n.]:One who has control over or ownership of something. [n.]:The captain of a merchant ship.Also called  master mariner [n.]:An employer. [n.]:The man who serves as the head of a household. [n.]:One who defeats another; a victor. [n.]:One whose teachings or doctrines are accepted by followers. [n.]:Master Jesus. [n.]:A male teacher, schoolmaster, or tutor. [n.]:One who holds a master's degree. [n.]:An artist or a performer of great and exemplary skill. [n.]:An old master. [n.]:A worker qualified to teach apprentices and carry on the craft independently. [n.]:An expert. [n.]:Used formerly as a title for a man holding a naval office ranking next below a lieutenant on a warship. [n.]:Used as a title for a man who serves as the head or presiding officer of certain societies, clubs, orders, or institutions. [n.]:Chiefly British Used as a title for any of various male law court officers. [n.]:Master Used as a title for any of various male officers having specified duties concerning the management of the British royal household. [n.]:Master Used as a courtesy title before the given or full name of a boy not considered old enough to be addressed as Mister. [n.]:Archaic Used as a form of address for a man; mister. [n.]:Master A man who owns a pack of hounds or is the chief officer of a hunt. [n.]:An original, especially an original audio recording, from which copies can be made. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or characteristic of a master. [adj.]:Principal or predominant. [adj.]:Controlling all other parts of a mechanism. [adj.]:Highly skilled or proficient. [adj.]:Being an original from which copies are made. [verb]:v.tr.To act as or be the master of. [verb]:v.tr.To make oneself a master of. [verb]:v.tr.To overcome or defeat. [verb]:v.tr.To reduce to subjugation; break or tame (an animal, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To produce a master audio recording for. [verb]:v.tr.To season or age (dyed goods).
	surmount	英文： 同上
	vanquish	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To defeat or conquer in battle; subjugate. [verb]:v.tr.To defeat in a contest, conflict, or competition. [verb]:v.tr.To overcome or subdue (an emotion, for example); suppress.
注释：①overbear：压倒；镇压；比…更重要 ②overwhelm：泛滥，压倒

做事过头（而失败）	overreach	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reach or extend over or beyond. [verb]:v.tr.To miss by reaching too far or attempting too much. [verb]:v.tr.To defeat (oneself) by going too far or by doing or trying to gain too much. [verb]:v.tr.To get the better of, especially by deceitful cleverness; outwit. [verb]:v.intr.To reach or go too far. [verb]:v.intr.To overreach oneself. [verb]:v.intr.To outwit or cheat others. [verb]:v.intr.To strike the front part of a hind foot against the rear or side part of a forefoot or foreleg on the same side of the body. Used of a horse.
	beat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To strike repeatedly. [verb]:v.tr.To punish by hitting or whipping; flog. [verb]:v.tr.To strike against repeatedly and with force; pound. [verb]:v.tr.To flap, especially wings. [verb]:v.tr.To strike so as to produce music or a signal. [verb]:v.tr.Music To mark or count (time or rhythm) with the hands or with a baton. [verb]:v.tr.To shape or break by repeated blows; forge. [verb]:v.tr.To make by pounding or trampling. [verb]:v.tr.To mix rapidly with a utensil. [verb]:v.tr.To defeat or subdue, as in a contest. [verb]:v.tr.To force to withdraw or retreat. [verb]:v.tr.To dislodge from a position. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To be superior to or better than. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To perplex or baffle. [verb]:v.tr.Informal [verb]:v.tr.To avoid or counter the effects of, often by thinking ahead; circumvent. [verb]:v.tr.To arrive or finish before (another). [verb]:v.tr.To deprive, as by craft or ability. [verb]:v.intr.To inflict repeated blows. [verb]:v.intr.To pulsate; throb. [verb]:v.intr.Physics To cause beating by superposing waves of different frequencies. [verb]:v.intr.To emit sound when struck. [verb]:v.intr.To strike a drum. [verb]:v.intr.To flap repeatedly. [verb]:v.intr.To be victorious or successful; win. [verb]:v.intr.To hunt through woods or underbrush in search of game. [verb]:v.intr.Nautical To sail in the direction from which the wind blows. [n.]:A stroke or blow, especially one that produces a sound or serves as a signal. [n.]:A pulsation or throb. [n.]:Physics A pulsation produced by beating. [n.]:Music [n.]:A regular, rhythmical unit of time. [n.]:The gesture used by a conductor to indicate this unit of time. [n.]:The symbol representing this unit of time. [n.]:The measured, rhythmical sound of verse; meter. [n.]:The area regularly covered by a reporter, a police officer, or a sentry. [n.]:The reporting of a news item obtained ahead of one's competitors. [adj.]:Informal Worn-out; fatigued. [adj.]:Of, relating to, or being a beatnik.
	circumvent	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To surround (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap. [verb]:v.tr.To go around; bypass. [verb]:v.tr.To avoid or get around by artful maneuvering.
	outfox	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To surpass (another) in cleverness or cunning; outsmart.
	outsmart	英文： 同上
	outwit	英文： 同上
注释：

不理会；蹂躏，践踏	override	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ride across. [verb]:v.tr.To ride beyond. [verb]:v.tr.To trample on. [verb]:v.tr.To ride (a horse) too hard. [verb]:v.tr.To prevail over; conquer. [verb]:v.tr.To declare null and void; set aside. [verb]:v.tr.To counteract the normal operation of (an automatic control). [verb]:v.tr.To extend over; overlap. [n.]:A sales commission collected by an executive in addition to the commission received by a subordinate salesperson. [n.]:See  royalty [n.]:A mechanism or system used to counteract an automatic control. [n.]:The act or an instance of nullifying.
	overrule	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To disallow the action or arguments of, especially by virtue of higher authority. [verb]:v.tr.To decide or rule against. [verb]:v.tr.To declare null and void; reverse. [verb]:v.tr.To rule over. [verb]:v.tr.To dominate by strong influence; prevail over.
	overthrow	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To throw over; overturn. [verb]:v.tr.To bring about the downfall or destruction of, especially by force or concerted action. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To throw an object over and beyond (an intended mark). [n.]:An instance of overthrowing, especially one that results in downfall or destruction. [n.]:Sports The throwing of a ball over and beyond a target, especially in baseball.
	overturn	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to turn over or capsize; upset. [verb]:v.tr.To cause the ruin or destruction of; overthrow.See Synonyms at overthrow [verb]:v.tr.Law To invalidate or reverse (a decision) by legal means. [verb]:v.intr.To turn over or capsize. [n.]:The act or process of overturning. [n.]:The state of having been overturned.
	reverse	英文： [adj.]:Abbr. rev.Turned backward in position, direction, or order. [adj.]:Having the back showing or in view of the observer. [adj.]:Moving, acting, or organized in a manner contrary to the usual. [adj.]:Causing backward movement. [adj.]:Printing Printed in such a way that the normally colored part appears white against a colored or black background. [n.]:Abbr. rev.The opposite or contrary. [n.]:The back or rear part. [n.]:The side of a coin or medal that does not carry the principal design; the verso. [n.]:A change to an opposite position, condition, or direction. [n.]:A change in fortune from better to worse; a setback. [n.]:A mechanism, such as a gear in a motor vehicle, that is used to reverse movement. [n.]:The position or operating condition of such a mechanism. [n.]:Movement in an opposite direction. [n.]:Football An offensive play in which a back running in one direction executes a handoff to a back running in the opposite direction. [verb]:v.tr.To turn around to the opposite direction. [verb]:v.tr.To turn inside out or upside down. [verb]:v.tr.To exchange the positions of; transpose. [verb]:v.tr.Law To revoke or annul (a decision or decree, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To cause to adopt a contrary viewpoint. [verb]:v.tr.To change to the opposite. [verb]:v.tr.To cause (an engine or a mechanism) to function in reverse. [verb]:v.intr.To turn or move in the opposite direction. [verb]:v.intr.To reverse the action of an engine.
注释：

（高位的人）否决（低位的人或事）	overrule	英文： 同上
	override	英文： 同上
	overthrow	英文： 同上
	overturn	英文： 同上
	reverse	英文： 同上
注释：

监督	oversee	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To watch over and direct; supervise.See Synonyms at supervise [verb]:v.tr.To subject to scrutiny; examine or inspect.
	administer	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have charge of; manage. [verb]:v.tr.To give or apply in a formal way. [verb]:v.tr.To apply as a remedy. [verb]:v.tr.To mete out; dispense. [verb]:v.tr.To manage or dispose of (a trust or an estate) under a will or an official appointment. [verb]:v.tr.To impose, offer, or tender (an oath, for example). [verb]:v.intr.To manage as an administrator. [verb]:v.intr.To minister.
	boss	英文： [n.]:An employer or a supervisor. [n.]:One who makes decisions or exercises authority. [n.]:A professional politician who controls a party or a political machine. [verb]:v.tr.To supervise or control.See Synonyms at supervise [verb]:v.tr.To give orders to, especially in an arrogant or domineering manner. [verb]:v.intr.To be or act as a supervisor or controlling element. [adj.]:Slang First-rate; topnotch. [n.]:A circular protuberance or knoblike swelling, as on the horns of certain animals. [n.]:A raised area used as ornamentation. [n.]:Architecture A raised ornament, such as one at the intersection of the ribs in a vaulted roof. [n.]:An enlarged part of a shaft to which another shaft is coupled or to which a wheel or gear is keyed. [n.]:A hub, especially of a propeller. [verb]:v.tr.To emboss. [n.]:A cow or calf.
	direct	英文： 同上
	manage	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To direct or control the use of; handle. [verb]:v.tr.To exert control over. [verb]:v.tr.To make submissive to one's authority, discipline, or persuasion. [verb]:v.tr.To direct the affairs or interests of. See Synonyms at conduct [verb]:v.tr.To succeed in accomplishing or achieving, especially with difficulty; contrive or arrange. [verb]:v.intr.To direct or conduct business affairs. [verb]:v.intr.To continue to get along; carry on.
	inspect	英文： 同上
	preside	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To hold the position of authority; act as chairperson or president. [verb]:v.intr.To possess or exercise authority or control. [verb]:v.intr.Music To be the featured instrumental performer.
	superintend	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To oversee and direct; supervise.See Synonyms at supervise
	supervise	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To have the charge and direction of; superintend.
注释：“监督”释义下的同义词：control, supervise, inspect.

遮蔽；使失色，使相形见绌	overshadow	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cast a shadow over; darken or obscure. [verb]:v.tr.To make insignificant by comparison; dominate.
	dwarf	英文： [n.]:An abnormally small person, often having limbs and features not properly proportioned or formed. [n.]:An atypically small animal or plant. [n.]:A small creature resembling a human being, often ugly, appearing in legends and fairy tales. [n.]:A dwarf star. [n.]:attributive.Often used to modify another noun. [verb]:v.tr.To check the natural growth or development of; stunt. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to appear small by comparison. [verb]:v.intr.To become stunted or grow smaller.
	eclipse	英文： [n.]:The partial or complete obscuring, relative to a designated observer, of one celestial body by another. [n.]:The period of time during which such an obscuration occurs. [n.]:A temporary or permanent dimming or cutting off of light. [n.]:A fall into obscurity or disuse; a decline. [n.]:A disgraceful or humiliating end; a downfall. [verb]:v.tr.To cause an eclipse of. [verb]:v.tr.To obscure; darken. [verb]:v.tr.To obscure or diminish in importance, fame, or reputation. [verb]:v.tr.To surpass; outshine.
	shadow	英文： [n.]:An area that is not or is only partially irradiated or illuminated because of the interception of radiation by an opaque object between the area and the source of radiation. [n.]:The rough image cast by an object blocking rays of illumination.See Synonyms at shade [n.]:An imperfect imitation or copy. [n.]:shadows The darkness following sunset. [n.]:A feeling of gloom or unhappiness. [n.]:A cause of gloom or unhappiness. [n.]:A shaded area in a picture or photograph. [n.]:A mirrored image or reflection. [n.]:A phantom; a ghost. [n.]:One, such as a detective or spy, that follows or trails another. [n.]:A constant companion. [n.]:A faint indication; a premonition. [n.]:A vestige or remnant. [n.]:An insignificant portion or amount; a trace. [n.]:Shelter; protection. [verb]:v.tr.To cast a shadow on; shade. [verb]:v.tr.To make gloomy or dark; cloud. [verb]:v.tr.To represent vaguely, mysteriously, or prophetically. [verb]:v.tr.To darken in a painting or drawing; shade in. [verb]:v.tr.To follow, especially in secret; trail. [verb]:v.intr.To change by gradual degrees. [verb]:v.intr.To become clouded over as if with shadows. [adj.]:Not having official status.
注释：

夸张，对…言过其实	overstate	英文： 同上
	embellish	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make beautiful, as by ornamentation; decorate. [verb]:v.tr.To add ornamental or fictitious details to.
	aggrandize	英文： 同上
	embroider	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To ornament with needlework. [verb]:v.tr.To make by means of needlework. [verb]:v.tr.To add embellishments or fanciful details to. [verb]:v.intr.To make needlework. [verb]:v.intr.To add embellishments or fanciful details.
	exaggerate	英文： 同上
	amplify	英文： 同上
注释：

课税过重	overtax	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To subject to an excessive burden or strain. [verb]:v.tr.To tax in excess of what is considered appropriate or just.
注释：

推翻；终止	overthrow	英文： 同上
	defeat	英文： 同上
	destroy	英文： 同上
	dethrone	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To remove from the throne; depose. [verb]:v.tr.To remove from a prominent or powerful position.
	overcome	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To defeat (another) in competition or conflict; conquer.See Synonyms at defeat [verb]:v.tr.To prevail over; surmount。 [verb]:v.tr.To overpower, as with emotion; affect deeply. [verb]:v.intr.To surmount opposition; be victorious.
	overpower	英文： 同上
	overturn	英文： 同上
	unseat	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To remove from a seat, especially from a saddle. [verb]:v.tr.To dislodge from a location or position, especially to remove from office.
	upset	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause to turn or tip over; capsize. [verb]:v.tr.To disturb the functioning, order, or course of. [verb]:v.tr.To distress or perturb mentally or emotionally. [verb]:v.tr.To overthrow; overturn. See Synonyms at overthrow [verb]:v.tr.To defeat unexpectedly (an opponent favored to win). [verb]:v.tr.To make (a heated metal bolt, for example) shorter and thicker by hammering on the end. [verb]:v.intr.To become overturned; capsize. [verb]:v.intr.To become disturbed. [n.]:The act of upsetting or the condition of being upset. [n.]:A disturbance, disorder, or state of agitation. [n.]:Sports Games A game or contest in which the favorite is defeated. [n.]:A tool used for upsetting; a swage. [n.]:An upset part or piece. [adj.]:Having been overturned; capsized. [adj.]:Exhibiting signs and symptoms of indigestion. [adj.]:In a state of emotional or mental distress; distraught.
注释：overthrow：v./n.推翻；终止

使过度疲劳	overtire	英文： [verb]: tire excessively.
	overweary	英文： [adj.]:So weary as to be totally exhausted. [verb]:v.tr.To tire out utterly; exhaust.
注释：

翻到；推翻，使垮台（尤指政府）	overturn	英文： 同上
	annul	英文： 同上
	countermand	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or order). [verb]:v.tr.To recall by a contrary order. [n.]:An order or command reversing another one. [n.]:Cancellation of an order or command.
	lift	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To direct or carry from a lower to a higher position; raise. [verb]:v.tr.To transport by air. [verb]:v.tr.To revoke by taking back; rescind. [verb]:v.tr.To bring an end to (a blockade or siege) by removing forces. [verb]:v.tr.To cease (artillery fire) in an area. [verb]:v.tr.To raise in condition, rank, or esteem. [verb]:v.tr.To uplift; elate. [verb]:v.tr.To remove (plants) from the ground for transplanting. [verb]:v.tr.To project or sound in loud, clear tones. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To steal; pilfer. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To copy from something already published; plagiarize. [verb]:v.tr.To pay off or clear (a debt or mortgage, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To perform cosmetic surgery on (the face), especially in order to remove wrinkles or sagging skin. [verb]:v.tr.Sports To hit (a golf ball) very high into the air. [verb]:v.tr.To pick up (a golf ball) to place it in a better lie. [verb]:v.intr.To rise; ascend. [verb]:v.intr.To yield to upward pressure. [verb]:v.intr.To disappear or disperse by or as if by rising. [verb]:v.intr.To stop temporarily. [verb]:v.intr.To become elevated; soar. [n.]:The act or process of rising or raising to a higher position. [n.]:Power or force available for raising. [n.]:An amount or a weight raised or capable of being raised at one time; a load. [n.]:The extent or height to which something is raised or rises; the amount of elevation. [n.]:The distance or space through which something is raised or rises. [n.]:A rise or an elevation in the level of the ground. [n.]:An elevation of the spirits. [n.]:A raised, high, or erect position, as of a part of the body. [n.]:A machine or device designed to pick up, raise, or carry something. [n.]:One of the layers of leather, rubber, or other material making up the heel of a shoe. [n.]:Chiefly British A passenger or cargo elevator. [n.]:A ride in a vehicle given to help someone reach a destination. [n.]:Assistance or help. [n.]:A set of pumps used in a mine. [n.]:The component of the total aerodynamic force acting on an airfoil or on an entire aircraft or winged missile perpendicular to the relative wind and normally exerted in an upward direction, opposing the pull of gravity.
	override	英文： 同上
	overrule	英文： 同上
	overthrow	英文： 同上
	repeal	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act. [verb]:v.tr.Obsolete To summon back or recall, especially from exile. [n.]:The act or process of repealing.
	rescind	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make void; repeal or annul.
	reverse	英文： 同上
	revoke	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To void or annul by recalling, withdrawing, or reversing. [verb]:v.intr.Games To fail to follow suit in cards when required and able to do so. [n.]:Games Failure to follow suit in a card game.
	revolutionise	英文： [verb]:British variant of revolutionize.
	revolutionize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bring about a radical change in. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to a political or social revolution. [verb]:v.tr.To fill with revolutionary principles.
	subvert	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To destroy completely; ruin. [verb]:v.tr.To undermine the character, morals, or allegiance of; corrupt. [verb]:v.tr.To overthrow completely.
	upset	英文： 同上
	vacate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cease to occupy or hold; give up. [verb]:v.tr.To empty of occupants or incumbents. [verb]:v.tr.Law To make void or annul; countermand. [verb]:v.intr.To leave a job, an office, or a lodging.
注释：同义短语：tip over, tump over, turn over.

氧化	oxidize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To combine with oxygen; make into an oxide. [verb]:v.tr.To increase the positive charge or valence of (an element) by removing electrons. [verb]:v.tr.To coat with oxide. [verb]:v.intr.To become oxidized.
	oxidate	英文： [verb]:enter into a combination with oxygen or become converted into an oxide. [verb]:add oxygen to or combine with oxygen.
	oxidise	英文： [verb]:chiefly British variant ofoxidize, oxidizer.
注释：

生锈	oxidize	英文： 同上
	rust	英文： [n.]:Any of various powdery or scaly reddish-brown or reddish-yellow hydrated ferric oxides formed on iron and iron-containing materials by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water. [n.]:Any of various metallic coatings, especially oxides, formed by corrosion. [n.]:A stain or coating resembling iron rust. [n.]:Deterioration, as of ability, resulting from inactivity or neglect. [n.]:Botany [n.]:Rust fungus. [n.]:A plant disease caused by a rust fungus, characterized by reddish or brownish spots on leaves, stems, and other parts. [n.]:Color A strong brown. [verb]:v.intr.To become corroded. [verb]:v.intr.To deteriorate or degenerate through inactivity or neglect. [verb]:v.intr.To become the color of rust. [verb]:v.intr.Botany To develop a disease caused by a rust fungus. [verb]:v.tr.To corrode or subject (a metal) to rust formation. [verb]:v.tr.To impair or spoil, as by misuse or inactivity. [verb]:v.tr.To color (something) a strong brown.
注释：

使安静，抚慰	pacify	英文： 同上
	appease	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe. [verb]:v.tr.To satisfy or relieve。 [verb]:v.tr.To pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting concessions, often at the expense of principle.See Synonyms at pacify
	calm	英文： [adj.]:Nearly or completely motionless; undisturbed. [adj.]:Not excited or agitated; composed. [n.]:An absence or cessation of motion; stillness. [n.]:Serenity; tranquillity; peace. [n.]:A condition of no wind or a wind with a speed of less than 1 mile (2 kilometers) per hour, according to the Beaufort scale. [verb]:v.tr.intr.To make or become calm or quiet.
	mollify	英文： 同上
	placate	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease.See Synonyms at pacify
	quiet	英文： [adj.]:Making no noise; silent. [adj.]:Free of noise; hushed. [adj.]:Calm and unmoving; still. [adj.]:Free of turmoil and agitation; untroubled.See Synonyms at still [adj.]:Restful; soothing. [adj.]:Tranquil; serene. [adj.]:Not showy or garish; restrained. [n.]:The quality or condition of being quiet. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to become quiet. [verb]:v.tr.Law To make (a title) secure by freeing from all questions or challenges. [verb]:v.intr.To become quiet.
	soothe	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To calm or placate. [verb]:v.tr.To ease or relieve (pain, for example). [verb]:v.intr.To bring comfort, composure, or relief.
	tranquilize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make tranquil; pacify. [verb]:v.tr.To sedate or relieve of anxiety or tension by the administration of a drug. [verb]:v.intr.To become tranquil; relax. [verb]:v.intr.To have a calming or soothing effect.
注释：

空谈;奉承	palaver	英文： 同上
	blab	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To reveal (secret matters) especially through indiscreet or unreserved talk. [verb]:v.intr.To reveal secret matters. [verb]:v.intr.To chatter thoughtlessly or indiscreetly.See Synonyms at gossip [n.]:An incessant or indiscreet talker. [n.]:Lengthy chatter.
	blabber	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To chatter; babble. [n.]:Idle chatter. [n.]:A blabbermouth.
	cajole	英文： 同上
	chatter	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To talk rapidly, incessantly, and on trivial subjects; jabber. [verb]:v.intr.To utter a rapid series of short, inarticulate, speechlike sounds. [verb]:v.intr.To click quickly and repeatedly. [verb]:v.intr.To vibrate or rattle while in operation. [verb]:v.tr.To utter in a rapid, usually thoughtless way. [n.]:Idle, trivial talk. [n.]:The sharp, rapid sounds made by some birds and animals. [n.]:A series of quick rattling or clicking sounds.
	clack	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To make an abrupt, sharp sound, as in the collision of two hard surfaces. [verb]:v.intr.To chatter thoughtlessly or at length. [verb]:v.intr.To cackle or cluck, as a hen. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to make an abrupt, sharp sound. [n.]:A clacking sound. [n.]:Something that makes a clacking sound. [n.]:Thoughtless, prolonged talk; chatter.
	coax	英文： 同上
	gabble	英文： 同上
	gibber	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To prattle and chatter unintelligibly. [n.]:Unintelligible or foolish talk.
	inveigle	英文： 同上
	maunder	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To talk incoherently or aimlessly. [verb]:v.intr.To move or act aimlessly or vaguely; wander.
	piffle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To talk or act in a feeble or futile way. [n.]:Foolish or futile talk or ideas; nonsense.
	prate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To talk idly and at length; chatter. [verb]:v.tr.To utter idly or to little purpose. [n.]:Empty, foolish, or trivial talk; idle chatter.
	prattle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To talk or chatter idly or meaninglessly; babble or prate. [verb]:v.tr.To utter or express by chattering foolishly or babbling. [n.]:Idle or meaningless chatter; babble. [n.]:A sound suggestive of such chattering; a babbling noise.
	sweet-talk	英文： 同上
	tattle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To reveal the plans or activities of another; gossip.See Synonyms at gossip [verb]:v.intr.To chatter aimlessly; prate. [verb]:v.tr.To reveal through gossiping. [n.]:Aimless chatter; prattle. [n.]:Gossip; talebearing. [n.]:A tattletale.
	tittle-tattle	英文： [n.]:Petty gossip; trivial talk. [verb]:v.intr.To talk idly or foolishly; gossip.
	twaddle	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To talk foolishly; prate. [n.]:Foolish, trivial, or idle talk or chatter.
	wheedle	英文： 同上
注释：①palaver：n.空谈 /v. 空谈;奉承 ②同义短语：empty talk, empty words, hot air.

（因过多或过久而）令人发腻，失去吸引力	pall	英文： [n.]:A cover for a coffin, bier, or tomb, often made of black, purple, or white velvet. [n.]:A coffin, especially one being carried to a grave or tomb. [n.]:A covering that darkens or obscures. [n.]:A gloomy effect or atmosphere. [n.]:Ecclesiastical [n.]:A linen cloth or a square of cardboard faced with cloth used to cover the chalice. [n.]:See  pallium [verb]:v.tr.To cover with or as if with a pall. [verb]:v.intr.To become insipid, boring, or wearisome. [verb]:v.intr.To have a dulling, wearisome, or boring effect. [verb]:v.intr.To become cloyed or satiated. [verb]:v.tr.To cloy; satiate. [verb]:v.tr.To make vapid or wearisome.
	chill	英文： [n.]:A moderate but penetrating coldness. [n.]:A sensation of coldness, often accompanied by shivering and pallor of the skin. [n.]:A checking or dampening of enthusiasm, spirit, or joy. [n.]:A sudden numbing fear or dread. [adj.]:Moderately cold; chilly. [adj.]:Not warm and friendly; distant. [adj.]:Discouraging; dispiriting. [verb]:v.tr.To affect with or as if with cold. [verb]:v.tr.To lower in temperature; cool. [verb]:v.tr.To make discouraged; dispirit. [verb]:v.tr.Metallurgy To harden (a metallic surface) by rapid cooling. [verb]:v.intr.To be seized with cold. [verb]:v.intr.To become cold or set. [verb]:v.intr.Metallurgy To become hard by rapid cooling.
	cloy	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To cause distaste or disgust by supplying with too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit. [verb]:v.intr.To cause to feel surfeited.See Synonyms at satiate
	dash	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To break or smash by striking violently. [verb]:v.tr.To hurl, knock, or thrust with sudden violence. [verb]:v.tr.To splash; bespatter. [verb]:v.tr.To perform or complete hastily. [verb]:v.tr.To add an enlivening or altering element to. [verb]:v.tr.To affect by adding another element or ingredient to. [verb]:v.tr.To destroy or wreck. See Synonyms at blast [verb]:v.tr.To confound; abash. [verb]:v.intr.To strike violently; smash. [verb]:v.intr.To move with haste; rush. [n.]:A swift, violent blow or stroke. [n.]:A splash. [n.]:A small amount of an added ingredient. [n.]:A quick stroke, as with a pencil or brush. [n.]:A sudden movement; a rush. [n.]:Sports A footrace, usually less than a quarter-mile long, run at top speed from the outset. [n.]:A spirited quality in action or style; verve.See Synonyms at vigor [n.]:A punctuation mark (—) used in writing and printing. [n.]:In Morse and similar codes, the long sound or signal used in combination with the dot and silent intervals to represent letters or numbers. [n.]:A dashboard. [verb]:v.tr.To damn.
	die	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To cease living; become dead; expire. [verb]:v.intr.To cease existing, especially by degrees; fade. [verb]:v.intr.To experience an agony or suffering suggestive of that of death. [verb]:v.intr.Informal To desire something greatly. [verb]:v.intr.To cease operation; stop. [verb]:v.intr.To be destroyed, as in combat. [n.]:pl.dies A device used for cutting out, forming, or stamping material, especially. [n.]:An engraved metal piece used for impressing a design onto a softer metal, as in coining money. [n.]:One of several component pieces that are fitted into a diestock to cut threads on screws or bolts. [n.]:A part on a machine that punches shaped holes in, cuts, or forms sheet metal, cardboard, or other stock. [n.]:A metal block containing small conical holes through which plastic, metal, or other ductile material is extruded or drawn. [n.]:pl.dies Architecture The dado of a pedestal, especially when cube-shaped. [n.]:pl.dice Games [n.]:A small cube marked on each side with from one to six dots, usually used in pairs in gambling and in various other games. [n.]:dice (used with a sing. verb)A game of chance using dice. [verb]:v.tr.To cut, form, or stamp with or as if with a die.
	dull	英文： 同上
	fatigue	英文： 同上
	jade	英文： [n.]:Either of two distinct minerals, nephrite and jadeite, that are generally pale green or white and are used mainly as gemstones or in carving. [verb]:v.tr.To wear out, as by overuse or overindulgence.See Synonyms at tire [verb]:v.intr.To become weary or spiritless. [n.]:A broken-down or useless horse; a nag. [n.]:A woman regarded as disreputable or shrewish.
	tire	英文： 同上
	weary	英文： 同上
注释：同义短语：become flat, frighten away, frighten off.

掩饰（罪行）	palliate	英文： 同上
	alleviate	英文： 同上
	assuage	英文： 同上
	extenuate	英文： 同上
	mitigate	英文： 同上
	relieve	英文： 同上
注释：palliate：v.减轻(痛苦)；掩饰(罪行)

（心脏）急速而不规则地跳动	palpitate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To move with a slight tremulous motion; tremble, shake, or quiver. [verb]:v.intr.To beat with excessive rapidity; throb.See Synonyms at pulsate
	beat	英文： 同上
	flutter	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To wave or flap rapidly in an irregular manner. [verb]:v.intr.To fly by a quick, light flapping of the wings. [verb]:v.intr.To flap the wings without flying. [verb]:v.intr.To move or fall in a manner suggestive of tremulous flight. [verb]:v.intr.To vibrate or beat rapidly or erratically. [verb]:v.intr.To move quickly in a nervous, restless, or excited fashion; flit. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to flutter. [n.]:The act of fluttering. [n.]:A condition of nervous excitement or agitation. [n.]:A commotion; a stir. [n.]:Pathology Abnormally rapid pulsation, especially of the atria or ventricles of the heart. [n.]:Rapid fluctuation in the pitch of a sound reproduction resulting from variations in the speed of the recording or reproducing equipment. [n.]:Chiefly British A small bet; a gamble.
	pulsate	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To expand and contract rhythmically; beat. [verb]:v.intr.To quiver; vibrate.
	quiver	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To shake with a slight, rapid, tremulous movement.See Synonyms at shake [n.]:The act or motion of quivering. [n.]:A portable case for holding arrows. [n.]:A case full of arrows.
	throb	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To beat rapidly or violently, as the heart; pound. [verb]:v.intr.To vibrate, pulsate, or sound with a steady pronounced rhythm. See Synonyms at pulsate [n.]:The act of throbbing; a beating, palpitation, or vibration.
	tremble	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To shake involuntarily, as from excitement, weakness, or anger; quake.See Synonyms at shake [verb]:v.intr.To feel fear or anxiety. [verb]:v.intr.To vibrate or quiver. [n.]:The act or state of trembling. [n.]:Often trembles A convulsive fit of shaking. Often used with the.   [n.]:trembles (used with a sing. verb) [n.]:An infectious viral disease of sheep that is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus and affects the nervous system, causing galloping and trotting by little leaps and often prolonged trembling. Also called  louping ill [n.]:Poisoning of domestic animals, especially cattle and sheep, caused by eating white snakeroot or rayless goldenrod and characterized by muscular tremors and weakening.Also called  milk sickness
注释：

纵容，过分关怀	pamper	英文： 同上
	coddle	英文： 同上
	favor	英文： [n.]:A gracious, friendly, or obliging act that is freely granted. [n.]:Friendly or favorable regard; approval or support. [n.]:A state of being held in such regard. [n.]:Unfair partiality; favoritism. [n.]:A privilege or concession. [n.]:favors Sexual privileges, especially as granted by a woman. [n.]:Something given as a token of love, affection, or remembrance. [n.]:A small decorative gift given to each guest at a party. [n.]:Advantage; benefit. [n.]:Behalf; interest. [n.]:Obsolete A communication, especially a letter. [n.]:Archaic [n.]:Aspect or appearance. [n.]:Countenance; face. [n.]:Obsolete A facial feature. [verb]:v.tr.To perform a kindness or service for; oblige.See Synonyms at oblige [verb]:v.tr.To treat or regard with friendship, approval, or support. [verb]:v.tr.To be partial to; indulge a liking for. [verb]:v.tr.To be or tend to be in support of. [verb]:v.tr.To make easier or more possible; facilitate. [verb]:v.tr.To treat with care; be gentle with. [verb]:v.tr.Chiefly Southern U.S. To resemble in appearance. [verb]:v.intr.Chiefly Southern U.S. To resemble another in appearance.
	humor	英文： [n.]:The quality that makes something laughable or amusing; funniness. [n.]:That which is intended to induce laughter or amusement. [n.]:The ability to perceive, enjoy, or express what is amusing, comical, incongruous, or absurd.See Synonyms at wit [n.]:One of the four fluids of the body, blood, phlegm, choler, and black bile, whose relative proportions were thought in ancient physiology to determine a person's disposition and general health. [n.]:Physiology [n.]:A body fluid, such as blood, lymph, or bile. [n.]:Aqueous humor. [n.]:Vitreous humor. [n.]:A person's characteristic disposition or temperament. [n.]:An often temporary state of mind; a mood. [n.]:A sudden, unanticipated whim.See Synonyms at mood [n.]:Capricious or peculiar behavior. [verb]:v.tr.To comply with the wishes or ideas of; indulge. [verb]:v.tr.To adapt or accommodate oneself to.See Synonyms at pamper
	indulge	英文： 同上
	oblige	英文： 同上
	spoil	英文： 同上
注释：同义短语：cater to

严厉批评	pan	英文： [n.]:A shallow, wide, open container, usually of metal and without a lid, used for holding liquids, cooking, and other domestic purposes. [n.]:A vessel similar in form to a pan, especially: [n.]:An open, metal dish used to separate gold or other metal from gravel or waste by washing. [n.]:Either of the receptacles on a balance or pair of scales. [n.]:A vessel used for boiling and evaporating liquids. [n.]:A basin or depression in the earth, often containing mud or water. [n.]:A natural or artificial basin used to obtain salt by evaporating brine. [n.]:Hardpan. [n.]:A freely floating piece of ice that has broken off a larger floe. [n.]:The small cavity in the lock of a flintlock used to hold powder. [n.]:Slang The face.See Synonyms at face [n.]:Informal Severe criticism, especially a negative review. [verb]:v.tr.To wash (gravel, for example) in a pan for gold or other precious metal. [verb]:v.tr.To cook (food) in a pan. [verb]:v.tr.Informal To criticize or review harshly. [verb]:v.intr.To wash gravel, sand, or other sediment in a pan. [verb]:v.intr.To yield gold as a result of washing in a pan. [n.]:A leaf of the betel vine. [n.]:A chewing preparation of this leaf with betel nuts, spices, and lime, used in the Far East. [verb]:v.intr.To move a movie or television camera to follow an object or create a panoramic effect. [verb]:v.tr.To move (a camera) so as to follow a moving object or create a panoramic effect.
	trash	英文： [n.]:Worthless or discarded material or objects; refuse or rubbish. [n.]:Something broken off or removed to be discarded, especially plant trimmings. [n.]:The refuse of sugar cane after extraction of the juice. [n.]:Empty words or ideas. [n.]:Worthless or offensive literary or artistic material. [n.]:A person or group of people regarded as worthless or contemptible. [verb]:v.tr.Slang [verb]:v.tr.To throw away; discard. [verb]:v.tr.To wreck or destroy by or as if by vandalism; reduce to trash or ruins. [verb]:v.tr.To beat up; assault. [verb]:v.tr.To subject to scathing criticism or abuse; attack verbally. [verb]:v.tr.To remove twigs or branches from. [verb]:v.tr.To cut off the outer leaves of (growing sugar cane).
	criticize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To find fault with. See Usage Note at critique [verb]:v.tr.To judge the merits and faults of; analyze and evaluate. [verb]:v.intr.To act as a critic.
注释：

怂恿，迎合（不良欲望）	pander	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To act as a go-between or liaison in sexual intrigues; function as a procurer. [verb]:v.intr.To cater to the lower tastes and desires of others or exploit their weaknesses
	gratify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To please or satisfy. See Synonyms at  please [verb]:v.tr.To give what is desired to; indulge. [verb]:v.tr.Archaic To reward.
	indulge	英文： 同上
	pandar	英文： [verb]:someone who procures customers for whores (in England they call a pimp a ponce).
	pimp	英文： [n.]:One who finds customers for a prostitute; a procurer. [verb]:v.intr.To serve as a procurer of prostitutes.
	procure	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To get by special effort; obtain or acquire. [verb]:v.tr.To bring about; effect. [verb]:v.tr.To obtain for another (a person) for sex acts. [verb]:v.intr.To obtain sexual partners for others.
注释：

使瘫痪	paralyze	英文： 同上
	cripple	英文： [n.]:One that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs. [n.]:A damaged or defective object or device. [verb]:v.tr.To cause to lose the use of a limb or limbs. [verb]:v.tr.To disable, damage, or impair the functioning of.
	deaden	英文： 同上
	desensitize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To render insensitive or less sensitive. [verb]:v.tr.Immunology To make (an individual) nonreactive or insensitive to an antigen. [verb]:v.tr.To make emotionally insensitive or unresponsive, as by long exposure or repeated shocks. [verb]:v.tr.To make (a photographic film or substance) less sensitive to light.
	disable	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deprive of capability or effectiveness, especially to impair the physical abilities of. [verb]:v.tr.Law To render legally disqualified. [verb]:v.tr.Computer Science To suppress (an interrupt feature).
	numb	英文： [adj.]:Deprived of the power to feel or move normally; benumbed. [adj.]:Emotionally unresponsive; indifferent. [v.tr.intr.]:To make or become numb.
注释：paralyze：使瘫痪；使无效

（将一段文字）释义	paraphrase	英文： [n.]:A restatement of a text or passage in another form or other words, often to clarify meaning. [n.]:The restatement of texts in other words as a studying or teaching device. [verb]:v.tr.To restate in a paraphrase. [verb]:v.intr.To compose a paraphrase.
	paraphrasis	英文： [verb]:rewording for the purpose of clarification.
	rephrase	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To phrase again, especially to state in a new, clearer, or different way.
	reword	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To change the wording of. [verb]:v.tr.To state or express again in different words. [verb]:v.tr.To state or express again in the same words; repeat.
注释：

烘烤；烤焦	parch	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make extremely dry, especially by exposure to heat. See Synonyms at burn [verb]:v.tr.To make thirsty. [verb]:v.tr.To dry or roast (corn, for example) by exposing to heat. [verb]:v.intr.To become very dry.See Synonyms at dry [verb]:v.intr.To become thirsty.
	sear	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To char, scorch, or burn the surface of with or as if with a hot instrument.See Synonyms at burn [verb]:v.tr.To cause to dry up and wither. [verb]:v.intr.To become withered or dried up. [n.]:A condition, such as a scar, produced by searing. [n.]:The catch in a gunlock that keeps the hammer halfcocked or fully cocked. [adj.]:Variant of sere.
注释：

削皮；修剪；削减，缩减	pare	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To remove the outer covering or skin of with a knife or similar instrument. [verb]:v.tr.To remove by or as if by cutting, clipping, or shaving. [verb]:v.tr.To reduce as if by cutting off outer parts; trim.
	peel	英文： [n.]:The skin or rind of certain fruits and vegetables. [verb]:v.tr.To strip or cut away the skin, rind, or bark from; pare. [verb]:v.tr.To strip away; pull off. [verb]:v.intr.To lose or shed skin, bark, or other covering. [verb]:v.intr.To come off in thin strips or pieces, as bark, skin, or paint. [verb]:v.intr.Slang To remove one's clothes; undress. [n.]:A long-handled, shovellike tool used by bakers to move bread or pastries into and out of an oven. [n.]:Printing A T-shaped pole used for hanging up freshly printed sheets of paper to dry. [n.]:A fortified house or tower of a kind constructed in the borderland of Scotland and England in the 16th century.
	scrape	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To remove (an outer layer, for example) from a surface by forceful strokes of an edged or rough instrument. [verb]:v.tr.To abrade or smooth by rubbing with a sharp or rough instrument. [verb]:v.tr.To rub (a surface) with considerable pressure, as with an edged instrument or a hard object. [verb]:v.tr.To draw (a hard or abrasive object) forcefully over a surface. [verb]:v.tr.To injure the surface of by rubbing against something rough or sharp. [verb]:v.tr.To amass or produce with difficulty. [verb]:v.intr.To come into sliding, abrasive contact. [verb]:v.intr.To rub or move with a harsh grating noise. [verb]:v.intr.To give forth a harsh grating noise. [verb]:v.intr.To practice petty economies; scrimp. [verb]:v.intr.To succeed or manage with difficulty. [n.]:The act of scraping. [n.]:The sound of scraping. [n.]:An abrasion on the skin. [n.]:An embarrassing predicament. [n.]:A fight; a scuffle.
	skin	英文： [n.]:The membranous tissue forming the external covering or integument of an animal and consisting in vertebrates of the epidermis and dermis. [n.]:An animal pelt, especially the comparatively pliable pelt of a small or young animal. [n.]:A usually thin, closely adhering outer layer. [n.]:A container for liquids that is made of animal skin. [n.]:Informal One's life or physical survival. [verb]:v.tr.To remove skin from. [verb]:v.tr.To bruise, cut, or injure the skin or surface of. [verb]:v.tr.To remove (an outer covering); peel off. [verb]:v.tr.To cover with or as if with skin. [verb]:v.tr.Slang To fleece; swindle. [verb]:v.intr.To become covered with or as if with skin. [verb]:v.intr.To pass with little room to spare. [adj.]:Slang Of, relating to, or depicting pornography.
	strip	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To remove clothing or covering from. [verb]:v.tr.To deprive of (clothing or covering). [verb]:v.tr.To deprive of honors, rank, office, privileges, or possessions; divest. [verb]:v.tr.To remove all excess detail from; reduce to essentials. [verb]:v.tr.To remove equipment, furnishings, or supplementary parts or attachments from. [verb]:v.tr.To clear of a natural covering or growth; make bare. [verb]:v.tr.To remove an exterior coating, as of paint or varnish, from. [verb]:v.tr.To remove the leaves from the stalks of. Used especially of tobacco. [verb]:v.tr.To dismantle (a firearm, for example) piece by piece. [verb]:v.tr.To damage or break the threads of (a screw, for example) or the teeth of (a gear). [verb]:v.tr.To press the last drops of milk from (a cow or goat, for example) at the end of milking. [verb]:v.tr.To rob of wealth or property; plunder or despoil. [verb]:v.tr.To mount (a photographic positive or negative) on paper to be used in making a printing plate. [verb]:v.intr.To undress completely. [verb]:v.intr.To perform a striptease. [verb]:v.intr.To fall away or be removed; peel. [n.]:A striptease. [n.]:A long narrow piece, usually of uniform width. [n.]:A long narrow region of land or body of water. [n.]:A comic strip. [n.]:An airstrip. [n.]:An area, as along a busy street or highway, that is lined with a great number and variety of commercial establishments. [verb]::v.tr.To cut or tear into strips.
	trim	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make neat or tidy by clipping, smoothing, or pruning. [verb]:v.tr.To remove (excess) by cutting. [verb]:v.tr.To remove the excess from by or as if by cutting. [verb]:v.tr.To ornament; decorate. [verb]:v.tr.Informal [verb]:v.tr.To thrash; beat. [verb]:v.tr.To defeat soundly. [verb]:v.tr.To cheat. [verb]:v.tr.To rebuke; scold. [verb]:v.tr.Nautical [verb]:v.tr.To adjust (the sails and yards) so that they receive the wind properly. [verb]:v.tr.To balance (a ship) by shifting its cargo or contents. [verb]:v.tr.To balance (an aircraft) in flight by regulating the control surfaces and tabs. [verb]:v.tr.To furnish or equip. [verb]:v.intr.Nautical [verb]:v.intr.To be in or retain equilibrium. [verb]:v.intr.To make sails and yards ready for sailing. [verb]:v.intr.To affect or maintain cautious neutrality. [verb]:v.intr.To fashion one's views for momentary popularity or advantage. [n.]:State of order, arrangement, or appearance; condition. [n.]:A condition of good health or fitness. [n.]:Exterior ornamentation, such as moldings or framework, on a building or vehicle. [n.]:Decoration or ornament, as for clothing. [n.]:Material used in commercial window displays. [n.]:Dress or equipment. [n.]:Excised or rejected material, such as film that has been cut in editing. [n.]:Personal quality; character. [n.]:A cutting or clipping to make neat. [n.]:Nautical [n.]:The readiness of a vessel for sailing with regard to ballast, sails, and yards. [n.]:The balance of a ship. [n.]:The difference between the draft at the bow and at the stern. [n.]:The position of an aircraft relative to its horizontal axis. [adj.]:In good or neat order. [adj.]:In good physical condition; fit; slim. [adj.]:Having lines, edges, or forms of neat and pleasing simplicity.See Synonyms at neat [adv.]:In a trim manner.
注释：

和谈；会谈	parley	英文： [n.]:A discussion or conference, especially one between enemies over terms of truce or other matters. [verb]:v.intr.To have a discussion, especially with an enemy.See Synonyms at confer
	confer	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To bestow (an honor, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To invest with (a characteristic, for example. [verb]:v.intr.To meet in order to deliberate together or compare views.
注释：parley：n./v. 和谈；会谈

挡开，避开（武器，问题等）	parry	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To deflect or ward off (a fencing thrust, for example). [verb]:v.tr.To deflect, evade, or avoid. [verb]:v.intr.To deflect or ward off a thrust or blow. [n.]:The deflecting or warding off of a thrust or blow, as in fencing. [n.]:An evasive answer or action.
	avoid	英文： 同上
	dodge	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To avoid (a blow, for example) by moving or shifting quickly aside. [verb]:v.tr.To evade (an obligation, for example) by cunning, trickery, or deceit. [verb]:v.tr.To blunt or reduce the intensity of (a section of a photograph) by shading during the printing process. [verb]:v.intr.To move aside or in a given direction by shifting or twisting suddenly. [verb]:v.intr.To practice trickery or cunning; prevaricate. [n.]:The act of dodging. [n.]:An ingenious expedient intended to evade or trick.See Synonyms at artifice
	evade	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit. [verb]:v.tr.To avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing. See Synonyms at escape [verb]:v.tr.To fail to make payment of (taxes). [verb]:v.tr.To avoid giving a direct answer to. [verb]:v.tr.To baffle or elude. [verb]:v.intr.To practice evasion. [verb]:v.intr.To use cleverness or deceit in avoiding or escaping.
	hedge	英文： [n.]:A row of closely planted shrubs or low-growing trees forming a fence or boundary. [n.]:A line of people or objects forming a barrier. [n.]:A means of protection or defense, especially against financial loss. [n.]:A securities transaction that reduces the risk on an existing investment position. [n.]:An intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement. [verb]:v.tr.To enclose or bound with or as if with hedges. [verb]:v.tr.To hem in, hinder, or restrict with or as if with a hedge. [verb]:v.tr.To minimize or protect against the loss of by counterbalancing one transaction, such as a bet, against another. [verb]:v.intr.To plant or cultivate hedges. [verb]:v.intr.To take compensatory measures so as to counterbalance possible loss. [verb]:v.intr.To avoid making a clear, direct response or statement.
	sidestep	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To step aside. [verb]:v.intr.To dodge an issue or a responsibility. [verb]:v.tr.To step out of the way of. [verb]:v.tr.To evade; skirt.
注释：同义短语：ward off

分担；参与；分享	participate	英文： 同上
	contribute	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To give or supply in common with others; give to a common fund or for a common purpose. [verb]:v.tr.To submit for publication. [verb]:v.intr.To make a contribution. [verb]:v.intr.To help bring about a result; act as a factor. [verb]:v.intr.To submit material for publication.
	partake	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To take or have a part or share; participate. [verb]:v.intr.To take or be given part or portion. [verb]:v.intr.To have part of the quality, nature, or character of something.See Synonyms at share [verb]:v.tr.To take or have a part in; share in.
注释：同义短语：enter into, join in, take part in.

详述，逐一列举	particularize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To mention, describe, or treat individually; itemize or specify. [verb]:v.tr.To make particular as opposed to general or universal. [verb]:v.intr.To go into or give details or particulars.
	localize	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To make local. [verb]:v.tr.To confine or restrict to a particular locality. [verb]:v.tr.To attribute to a particular locality. [verb]:v.intr.To become local, especially to become fixed in one area or part.
	specify	英文： [verb]:v.tr.To state explicitly or in detail. [verb]:v.tr.To include in a specification. [verb]:v.tr.To state as a condition.
	particularise	英文： [verb]:British variant of particularize.
	specialize	英文： [verb]:v.intr.To pursue a special activity, occupation, or field of study. [verb]:v.intr.Biology To develop so as to become adapted to a specific function or environment; undergo specialization. [verb]:v.intr.To concentrate on a particular activity or product. [verb]:v.tr.To make specific mention of; particularize. [verb]:v.tr.To give a particular character or function to. [verb]:v.tr.Biology To adapt to a particular function or environment; cause to undergo specialization. [verb]:v.tr.To specify the payee in endorsing (a check).
	specialise	英文： [verb]:British variant of  specialize.
注释：

连累	incriminate	英文： [verb]:to charge with or show evidence or proof of involvement in a crime or fault
	inculpate	英文： [verb]:INCRIMINATE
	implicate	英文： [verb]:to involve as a consequence, corollary, or natural inference :IMPLY [verb]:archaic:to fold or twist together :ENTWINE [verb]: a:to bring into intimate or incriminating connection b:to involve in the nature or operation of something
	involve	英文： [verb]:archaic:to enfold or envelop so as to encumber [verb]:a:to engage as a participant b :to oblige to take part c :to occupy (as oneself) absorbingly especially :to commit (as oneself) emotionally [verb]:to surround as if with a wrapping :ENVELOP [verb]:a:archaic:to wind, coil, or wreathe about b :to relate closely :CONNECT [verb]:a:to have within or as part of itself :INCLUDE b :to require as a necessary accompaniment :ENTAIL c :3AFFECT
	imply	英文： [verb]:obsolete:ENFOLD, ENTWINE [verb]:to involve or indicate by inference, association, or necessary consequence rather than by direct statement [verb]:to contain potentially [verb]:to express indirectly Synonyms see SUGGEST usage see INFER
注释：①incriminate：v.连累，牵连，使显得有罪 ②inculpate：v.连累；控告

灌输，谆谆教诲	inculcate	英文： [verb]:to teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions synonyms see IMPLANT
	infuse	英文： [verb]:a:to cause to be permeated with something (as a principle or quality) that alters usually for the better  b :INTRODUCE, INSINUATE [verb]:INSPIRE, ANIMATE [verb]:to steep in liquid (as water) without boiling so as to extract the soluble constituents or principles [verb]:to administer or inject by infusion
	instill	英文： [verb]: to cause to enter drop by drop [verb]: to impart gradually Synonyms see IMPLANT
	implant	英文： [verb]:a:to fix or set securely or deeply b :to set permanently in the consciousness or habit patterns :INCULCATE [verb]:to insert in living tissue (as for growth, slow release, or formation of an organic union) intransitive verb:to undergo implantation [n.]:something (as a graft or device) implanted in tissue
注释：同义词辨析： ①implant: implies teaching that makes for permanence of what is taught. ② inculcate:implies persistent or repeated efforts to impress on the mind. ③ instill:stresses gradual, gentle imparting of knowledge over a long period of time. ④infuse: implies a pouring in of something that gives new life or significance

控告	inculpate	英文： [verb]:同上
	incriminate	英文： [verb]:同上
	accuse	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to charge with a fault or offense :BLAME [verb]:transitive verb:to charge with an offense judicially or by a public process [verb]:intransitive verb:to bring an accusation
	fault	英文： [n.]:obsolete:LACK [n.]: a:WEAKNESS, FAILING especially :a moral weakness less serious than a vice b :a physical or intellectual imperfection or impairment :DEFECT c :an error especially in service in a net or racket game [n.]: a:MISDEMEANOR b:MISTAKE [n.]:responsibility for wrongdoing or failure [n.]:a fracture in the crust of a planet (as the earth) or moon accompanied by a displacement of one side of the fracture with respect to the other usually in a direction parallel to the fracture [n.]:–at fault: 1:unable to find the scent and continue chase 2:open to blame :RESPONSIBLE [n.]:–to a fault :to an excessive degree [verb]:intransitive verb: to commit a fault :ERR [verb]:intransitive verb: to fracture so as to produce a geologic fault [verb]:transitive verb:to find a fault in [verb]:transitive verb:to produce a geologic fault in [verb]:transitive verb:BLAME, CENSURE
	charge	英文： [n.]:a: obsolete:a material load or weight b: a figure borne on a heraldic field [n.]:a:the quantity that an apparatus is intended to receive and fitted to hold b :the quantity of explosive used in a single discharge c :a store or accumulation of impelling force d :a definite quantity of electricity especially :an excess or deficiency of electrons in a body e :THRILL, KICK [n.]:a:OBLIGATION, REQUIREMENT b:MANAGEMENT, SUPERVISION c :the ecclesiastical jurisdiction (as a parish) committed to a clergyman d :a person or thing committed to the care of another [n.]:a:INSTRUCTION, COMMAND b :instruction in points of law given by a court to a jury [n.]: a:EXPENSE, COST b :the price demanded for something c :a debit to an account d :the record of a loan (as of a book from a library) e: British :an interest in property granted as security for a loan [n.]: a:a formal assertion of illegality b :a statement of complaint or hostile criticism [n.]: a (1):a violent rush forward (as to attack)  (2) :the signal for attack b :a usually illegal rush into an opponent in various sports (as basketball) [n.]:–in charge: having control or custody of something [verb]:transitive verb: a: archaic:to lay or put a load on or in :LOAD b (1) :to place a charge (as of powder) in (2) :to load or fill to capacity c (1) :to restore the active materials in (a storage battery) by the passage of a direct current through in the opposite direction to that of discharge (2) :to give an electric charge to d (1) :to assume as a heraldic bearing (2) :to place a heraldic bearing on e :to fill or furnish fully f :ELECTRIFY [verb]:transitive verb: a:to impose a task or responsibility on b :to command, instruct, or exhort with authority  c of a judge :to give a charge to (a jury) [verb]:transitive verb: a:to make an assertion against especially by ascribing guilt or blame b :to place the guilt or blame for c :to assert as an accusation [verb]:transitive verb: a:to bring (a weapon) into position for attack :LEVEL b :to rush against :ATTACK also :to rush into (an opponent) usually illegally in various sports [verb]:transitive verb: a (1):to impose a financial burden on (2) :to impose or record as financial obligation b (1) :to fix or ask as fee or payment (2) :to ask payment of (a person) c :to record (an item) as an expense, debt, obligation, or liability [verb]:intransitive verb: to rush forward in or as if in assault :ATTACK also :to charge an opponent in sports [verb]:intransitive verb: to ask or set a price [verb]:intransitive verb: to charge an item to an account synonyms see COMMAND
	sue	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: obsolete:to make petition to or for [verb]:transitive verb: archaic:to pay court or suit to :WOO [verb]:transitive verb: a:to seek justice or right from (a person) by legal process specifically :to bring an action against b :to proceed with and follow up (a legal action) to proper termination [verb]:intransitive verb: to make a request or application :PLEAD ― usually used with for or to [verb]:intransitive verb: to pay court :WOO [verb]:intransitive verb: to take legal proceedings in court
	complain	英文： [verb]:to express grief, pain, or discontent [verb]:to make a formal accusation or charge
注释：inculpate：v.连累；控告

引起	incur	英文： [verb]to become liable or subject to :bring down upon oneself
	induce	英文： [verb]:a:to move by persuasion or influence b :to call forth or bring about by influence or stimulation [verb]:a:EFFECT, CAUSE b :to cause the formation of c :to produce (as an electric current) by induction [verb]: to determine by induction specifically :to infer from particulars
	cause	英文： [n.]:a: a reason for an action or condition :MOTIVE b :something that brings about an effect or a result c :a person or thing that is the occasion of an action or state especially :an agent that brings something about d :sufficient reason [n.]:a:a ground of legal action b :CASE [n.]:a matter or question to be decided [n.]:a:a principle or movement militantly defended or supported b :a charitable undertaking [verb]: to serve as a cause or occasion of <cause an accident> [verb]:to compel by command, authority, or force [conj.]:BECAUSE
	arouse	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to awaken from sleep [verb]:transitive verb: to rouse or stimulate to action or to physiological readiness for activity :EXCITE [verb]”intransitive verb: to awake from sleep :STIR
	impassion	英文： [verb]:to arouse the feelings or passions of
	beget	英文： [verb]: to procreate as the father :SIRE [verb]: to produce especially as an effect or outgrowth
	father	英文： [n.]:a:a man who has begotten a child also :SIRE 3 b capitalized (1) :GOD 1 (2) :the first person of the Trinity [n.]:FOREFATHER [n.]:a:one related to another in a way suggesting that of father to child b :an old man ― used as a respectful form of address [n.]:often capitalized:a pre-Scholastic Christian writer accepted by the church as an authoritative witness to its teaching and practice ― called also church father [n.]:a:one that originates or institutes b :SOURCE  c :PROTOTYPE [n.]:a priest of the regular clergy broadly :PRIEST ― used especially as a title [n.]:one of the leading men (as of a city) ― usually used in plural [verb]:transitive verb: a:BEGETb:to be the founder, producer, or author of c :to accept responsibility for [verb]:transitive verb: a:to fix the paternity or origin of b :to place responsibility for the origin or cause of [verb]:transitive verb: FOIST, IMPOSE [verb]:intransitive verb:to care for or look after someone as a father might
	incite	英文： [verb]:to move to action :stir up :spur on :urge on
	contract	英文： [n.]:a:a binding agreement between two or more persons or parties especially :one legally enforceable b :a business arrangement for the supply of goods or services at a fixed price c :the act of marriage or an agreement to marry [n.]:a document describing the terms of a contract [n.]:the final bid to win a specified number of tricks in bridge [n.]:an order or arrangement for a hired assassin to kill someone [verb]:transitive verb: a:to bring on oneself especially inadvertently :INCUR b :to become affected with [verb]:transitive verb: a:to establish or undertake by contract b :BETROTH also :to establish (a marriage) formally c (1) :to hire by contract (2) :to purchase (as goods or services) on a contract basis ― often used with out [verb]:transitive verb: a:LIMIT, RESTRICT  b :KNIT, WRINKLE c :to draw together :CONCENTRATE [verb]:transitive verb: to reduce to smaller size by or as if by squeezing or forcing together [verb]:transitive verb: to shorten (as a word) by omitting one or more sounds or letters [verb]:intransitive verb: to make a contract [verb]:intransitive verb: to draw together so as to become diminished in size also :to become less in compass, duration, or length [adj.]:hired to execute a contract
注释：①incur：v.招致，引起 ②induce：v.诱导，引起

赔偿，偿付	indemnify	英文： [verb]:to secure against hurt, loss, or damage [verb]:to make compensation to for incurred hurt, loss, or damage
	compensate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to be equivalent to :COUNTERBALANCE [verb]:transitive verb: to make an appropriate and usually counterbalancing payment to [verb]:transitive verb: a:to provide with means of counteracting variation b :to neutralize the effect of (variations) [verb]:intransitive verb: to supply an equivalent ― used with for [verb]:intransitive verb: to offset an error, defect, or undesired effect [verb]:intransitive verb: to undergo or engage in psychological or physiological compensation synonyms see PAY
	recompense	英文： [verb]: a:to give something to by way of compensation (as for a service rendered or damage incurred) b :to pay for [verb]: to return in kind :REQUITE synonyms see PAY [n.]:an equivalent or a return for something done, suffered, or given :COMPENSATION
	repair	英文： [verb]:a:to betake oneself :GO b:to come together :RALLY [verb]:obsolete:RETURN [n.]:the act of repairing :RESORT [n.]:a popular gathering place [verb]:transitive verb: a:to restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken :FIX b :to restore to a sound or healthy state :RENEW [verb]:transitive verb: to make good :compensate for :REMEDY [verb]:intransitive verb: to make repairs synonyms see MEND [n.]:a:an instance or result of repairing b :the act or process of repairing c :the replacement of destroyed cells or tissues by new formations [n.]:a:relative condition with respect to soundness or need of repairing b :the state of being in good or sound condition
	pay	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make due return to for services rendered or property delivered b :to engage for money :HIRE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to give in return for goods or service b :to discharge indebtedness for :SETTLE c :to make a disposal or transfer of (money) [verb]:transitive verb:to give or forfeit in expiation or retribution [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make compensation for b :to requite according to what is deserved [verb]:transitive verb:to give, offer, or make freely or as fitting [verb]:transitive verb:a:to return value or profit to b :to bring in as a return [verb]:transitive verb:to slacken (as a rope) and allow to run out ― used with out [verb]:intransitive verb:to discharge a debt or obligation [verb]:intransitive verb:to be worth the expense or effort [verb]:intransitive verb:to suffer the consequences of an act [n.]:something paid for a purpose and especially as a salary or wage :REMUNERATION [n.]:a:the act or fact of paying or being paid b :the status of being paid by an employer :EMPLOY [n.]:a person viewed with respect to reliability or promptness in paying debts or bills [n.]:a:ore or a natural deposit that yields metal and especially gold in profitable amounts b :an oil-yielding stratum or zone synonyms see WAGE [adj.]:containing or leading to something precious or valuable [adj.]:equipped with a coin slot for receiving a fee for use [adj.]:requiring payment [verb]:to coat with a waterproof composition
注释：同义词辨析： ①PAY: implies the discharge of an obligation incurred. ②COMPENSATE: implies a making up for services rendered or help given. ③INDEMNIFY: implies making good a loss suffered through accident, disaster, warfare. ④RECOMPENSE: suggests due return in amends, friendly repayment, or reward.

诱导	induce	英文： [verb]:同上
	cause	英文： [verb]:同上
	elicit	英文： [verb]:to draw forth or bring out (something latent or potential) [verb]:to call forth or draw out (as information or a response) Synonyms see EDUCE
	evoke	英文： [verb]: to call forth or up: as a :CONJURE 2A b :to cite especially with approval or for support :INVOKE c :to bring to mind or recollection [verb]:to re-create imaginatively synonyms see EDUCE
	influence	英文： [n.]: a:an ethereal fluid held to flow from the stars and to affect the actions of humans b :an emanation of occult power held to derive from stars [n.]: an emanation of spiritual or moral force [n.]: a:the act or power of producing an effect without apparent exertion of force or direct exercise of command b :corrupt interference with authority for personal gain [n.]: the power or capacity of causing an effect in indirect or intangible ways :SWAY [n.]: one that exerts influence [n.]:to affect or alter by indirect or intangible means :SWAY 2:to have an effect on the condition or development of :MODIFY synonyms see AFFECT
	persuade	英文： [verb]:to move by argument, entreaty, or expostulation to a belief, position, or course of action [verb]:to plead with :URGE
	prompt	英文： [verb]: to move to action :INCITE [verb]: to assist (one acting or reciting) by suggesting or saying the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned :CUE [verb]: to serve as the inciting cause of [adj.]:of or relating to prompting actors [adj.]:being ready and quick to act as occasion demands [adj.]:performed readily or immediately [n.]:something that prompts :REMINDER [n.]:a limit of time given for payment of an account for goods purchased also :the contract by which this time is fixed
	sway	英文： [n.]:the action or an instance of swaying or of being swayed :an oscillating, fluctuating, or sweeping motion [n.]:an inclination or deflection caused by or as if by swaying [n.]:a:a controlling influence b :sovereign power :DOMINION c :the ability to exercise influence or authority :DOMINANCE synonyms see POWER [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to swing slowly and rhythmically back and forth from a base or pivot b :to move gently from an upright to a leaning position [verb]:intransitive verb: to hold sway :act as ruler or governor [verb]:intransitive verb: to fluctuate or veer between one point, position, or opinion and another [verb]:transitive verb: a:to cause to sway :set to swinging, rocking, or oscillating b :to cause to bend downward to one side c :to cause to turn aside :DEFLECT, DIVERT [verb]:transitive verb: archaic a:WIELD b:GOVERN, RULE [verb]:transitive verb: a:to cause to vacillate b :to exert a guiding or controlling influence on 4:to hoist in place synonyms see SWING, AFFECT
注释：induce：v.诱导，引起

使就职	induct	英文： [verb]: to put in formal possession (as of a benefice or office) :INSTALL [verb]: a:to admit as a member b :INTRODUCE, INITIATE c :to enroll for military training or service (as under a selective service act) 3:LEAD, CONDUCT
	inaugurate	英文： [verb]:to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies [verb]:a:to dedicate ceremoniously :observe formally the beginning of b :to bring about the beginning of synonyms see BEGIN
	install	英文： [verb]:a:to place in an office or dignity by seating in a stall or official seat b :to induct into an office, rank, or order [verb]:to establish in an indicated place, condition, or status [verb]:to set up for use or service
	place	英文： [n.]:a:physical environment :SPACE b :a way for admission or transit c :physical surroundings :ATMOSPHERE [n.]:a:an indefinite region or expanse b :a building or locality used for a special purpose c archaic :the three-dimensional compass of a material object [n.]:a:a particular region, center of population, or location b :a building, part of a building, or area occupied as a home [n.]:a particular part of a surface or body :SPOT [n.]:relative position in a scale or series: as a :position in a social scale b :a step in a sequence c :a position at the conclusion of a competition [n.]:a:a proper or designated niche or setting b :an appropriate moment or point c :a distinct condition, position, or state of mind [n.]:a:an available seat or accommodation b :an empty or vacated position [n.]:the position of a figure in relation to others of a row or series especially :the position of a digit within a numeral [n.]:a:remunerative employment :JOB b :prestige accorded to one of high rank :STATUS [n.]:a public square :PLAZA [n.]:a small street or court [n.]:second place at the finish (as of a horse race) [verb]:transitive verb: a:to put in or as if in a particular place or position :SET b :to present for consideration c :to put in a particular state d :to direct to a desired spot e :to cause (the voice) to produce free and well resonated singing or speaking tones [verb]:transitive verb: a:to assign to a position in a series or category :RANK b :ESTIMATE c :to identify by connecting with an associated context [verb]:transitive verb: to distribute in an orderly manner :ARRANGE [verb]:transitive verb: to appoint to a position [verb]:transitive verb: to find a place (as a home or employment) for [verb]:transitive verb: a:to give (an order) to a supplier b :to give an order for c :to try to establish a connection for [verb]:intransitive verb:to earn a given spot in a competition specifically :to come in second (as in a horse race)
注释：

使入伍	induct	英文： [verb]: 同上
	enlist	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: a:to secure the support and aid of :employ in advancing an interest b :to win over :ATTRACT [verb]:transitive verb: to engage (a person) for duty in the armed forces [verb]:intransitive verb: to enroll oneself in the armed forces [verb]:intransitive verb: to participate heartily (as in a cause, drive, or crusade)
	enroll	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to insert, register, or enter in a list, catalog, or roll [verb]:transitive verb: to prepare a final perfect copy of (a bill passed by a legislature) in written or printed form [verb]:transitive verb: to roll or wrap up [verb]:intransitive verb: to enroll oneself or cause oneself to be enrolled
注释：

使…醉	inebriate	英文： [verb]:to exhilarate or stupefy as if by liquor [verb]:to make drunk :INTOXICATE [adj.]:affected by alcohol :DRUNK 2:addicted to excessive drinking [n.]:one who is drunk especially :DRUNKARD
	intoxicate	英文： [adj.]:archaic:INTOXICATED [verb]:POISON [verb]:a:to excite or stupefy by alcohol or a drug especially to the point where physical and mental control is markedly diminished b :to excite or elate to the point of enthusiasm or frenzy
	souse	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: PICKLE [verb]:transitive verb: a:to plunge in liquid :IMMERSE b :DRENCH, SATURATE [verb]:transitive verb: to make drunk :INEBRIATE [verb]:intransitive verb: to become immersed or drenched [n.]:something pickled especially :seasoned and chopped pork trimmings, fish, or shellfish [n.]:an act of sousing :WETTING [n.]:a:a habitual drunkard b :a drinking spree :BINGE [verb]:intransitive verb: archaic:to swoop down :PLUNGE [verb]:transitive verb: archaic:to swoop down on
注释：inebriate：v.使…醉 n.酒鬼，酒徒

使迷恋，使糊涂	infatuate	英文： [adj.]:being in an infatuated state or condition [verb]:to cause to be foolish :deprive of sound judgment [verb]:to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admiration
注释：

使燃烧	inflame	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: a:to excite to excessive or uncontrollable action or feeling especially :to make angry b :to make more heated or violent :INTENSIFY [verb]:transitive verb: to set on fire :KINDLE [verb]:transitive verb: to cause to redden or grow hot from anger or excitement [verb]:transitive verb: to cause inflammation in (bodily tissue) [verb]:intransitive verb: to burst into flame [verb]:intransitive verb: to become excited or angered [verb]:intransitive verb: to become affected with inflammation
	burn	英文： [n.]:British:CREEK [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to consume fuel and give off heat, light, and gases b :to undergo combustion also :to undergo nuclear fission or nuclear fusion c :to contain a fired :to give off light :SHINE, GLOW [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to be hot b :to produce or undergo discomfort or pain c :to become emotionally excited or agitated: as (1) :to yearn ardently (2) :to be or become very angry or disgusted [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to undergo alteration or destruction by the action of fire or heat b :to die in the electric chair [verb]:intransitive verb: to force or make a way by or as if by burning [verb]:intransitive verb: to suffer sunburn [verb]:transitive verb: a:to cause to undergo combustion especially :to destroy by fire b :to use as fuel c :to use up :CONSUME [verb]:transitive verb: a:to transform by exposure to heat or fire b :to produce by burning c :to record digital data or music on (an optical disk) using a laser also :to record (data or music) in this way [verb]:transitive verb: a:to injure or damage by or as if by exposure to fire, heat, or radiation :SCORCH b :to execute by burning  also :ELECTROCUTE [verb]:transitive verb: a:IRRITATE, ANNOY ― often used with up b :to subject to misfortune, mistreatment, or deception ― often used in passive c :to beat or score on [n.]: an act, process, instance, or result of burning: as a :injury or damage resulting from exposure to fire, heat, caustics, electricity, or certain radiations b :a burned area c :an abrasion (as of the skin) having the appearance of a burn d :a burning sensation [n.]:the firing of a rocket engine in flight [n.]:ANGERespecially:increasing fury ― used chiefly in the phrase slow burn
	kindle	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to start (a fire) burning :LIGHT [verb]:transitive verb: a:to stir up :AROUSE b :to bring into being :START [verb]:transitive verb: to cause to glow :ILLUMINATE [verb]:intransitive verb: to catch fire [verb]:intransitive verb:  a:to flare up b :to become animated [verb]:intransitive verb: to become illuminated [verb]:transitive verb:BEAR― used especially of a rabbit [verb]:intransitive verb:to bring forth young ― used especially of a rabbit
注释：inflame：v.使燃烧；激怒（某人）

激怒（某人）	inflame	英文： [verb]：同上
	provoke	英文： [verb]: a: archaic:to arouse to a feeling or action b :to incite to anger [verb]: a:to call forth (as a feeling or action) :EVOKE b :to stir up purposely c :to provide the needed stimulus for
注释：

违反，侵害（法规，协议）	infringe	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to encroach upon in a way that violates law or the rights of another [verb]:transitive verb: obsolete:DEFEAT, FRUSTRATE [verb]:intransitive verb: ENCROACH― used with on or upon synonyms see TRESPASS
	trespass	英文： [n.]:a:a violation of moral or social ethics :TRANSGRESSION especially :SIN b :an unwarranted infringement [n.]:a:an unlawful act committed on the person, property, or rights of another especially :a wrongful entry on real property b :the legal action for injuries resulting from trespass [verb]:intransitive verb: a:ERR, SIN b :to make an unwarranted or uninvited incursion [verb]:intransitive verb: to commit a trespass especially :to enter unlawfully upon the land of another [verb]:transitive verb:VIOLATE
	violate	英文： [verb]: BREAK, DISREGARD [verb]: to do harm to the person or especially the chastity of specifically :RAPE [verb]: to fail to show proper respect for :PROFANE [verb]: INTERRUPT, DISTURB [adj.]:archaic:subjected to violation
注释：

逢迎，讨好	ingratiate	英文： [verb]:to gain favor or favorable acceptance for by deliberate effort ― usually used with with
	fawn	英文： [verb]:to show affection ― used especially of a dog [verb]:to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner [n.]: a young deer especially :one still unweaned or retaining a distinctive baby coat [n.]:KID [n.]:a light grayish brown
注释：

占据	inhabit	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to occupy as a place of settled residence or habitat :live in [verb]:transitive verb: to be present in or occupy in any manner or form [verb]:intransitive verb: archaic:to have residence in a place :DWELL
	occupy	英文： [verb]:
注释：inhabit：v.栖息于，占据

栖息于	inhabit	英文： [verb]:同上
	perch	英文： [n.]:a bar or peg on which something is hung [n.]:a:a roost for a bird b :a resting place or vantage point :SEAT c :a prominent position [n.]:chiefly British:ROD [verb]:intransitive verb: to alight, settle, or rest on a perch, a height, or a precarious spot [verb]:transitive verb:to place on a perch, a height, or a precarious spot [n.]:a:a small European freshwater bony fish (Perca fluviatilis of the family Percidae, the perch family) b :YELLOW PERCH [n.]:any of numerous bony fishes (as of the families Percidae, Centrarchidae, and Serranidae)
注释：

吸气，吸入	inhale	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to draw in by breathing [verb]:transitive verb: to take in eagerly or greedily [verb]:intransitive verb:to breathe in
	gasp	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb: to catch the breath convulsively and audibly (as with shock) [verb]:intransitive verb: to breathe laboriously transitive verb:to utter in a gasping manner
	smell	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to perceive the odor or scent of through stimuli affecting the olfactory nerves :get the odor or scent of with the nose [verb]:transitive verb: to detect or become aware of as if by the sense of smell [verb]:transitive verb: to emit the odor of [verb]:intransitive verb: to exercise the sense of smell [verb]:intransitive verb: a (1):to have an odor or scent (2) :to have a characteristic aura or atmosphere :SMACK also :SEEM, APPEAR b (1) :to have an offensive odor :STINK (2) :to be of bad or questionable quality [n.]:the property of a thing that affects the olfactory organs :ODOR [n.]:a:the process, function, or power of smelling b :the sense concerned with the perception of odor [n.]:a:a very small amount :TRACE b :a pervading or characteristic quality :AURA [n.]:an act or instance of smelling
	sniff	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb: to draw air audibly up the nose especially for smelling [verb]:intransitive verb: to show or express disdain or scorn [verb]:intransitive verb: SNOOP, NOSE [verb]:transitive verb:to smell or take by inhalation through the nose [verb]:transitive verb::to utter contemptuously [verb]:transitive verb:to recognize or detect by or as if by smelling [n.]:an act or sound of sniffing [n.]:a quantity that is sniffed
注释：

继承	inherit	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to come into possession of or receive especially as a right or divine portion [verb]:transitive verb: a:to receive from an ancestor as a right or title descendible by law at the ancestor's death b :to receive as a devise or legacy [verb]:transitive verb: to receive from a parent or ancestor by genetic transmission [verb]:transitive verb: to have in turn or receive as if from an ancestor [verb]:intransitive verb: to take or hold a possession or rights by inheritance
	succeed	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to come next after another in office or position or in possession of an estate especially :to inherit sovereignty, rank, or title b :to follow after another in order [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to turn out well b :to attain a desired object or end [verb]:intransitive verb: obsolete:to pass to a person by inheritance [verb]:transitive verb:to follow in sequence and especially immediately [verb]:transitive verb:to come after as heir or successor
注释：

抑制	inhibit	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to prohibit from doing something [verb]:transitive verb: a:to hold in check :RESTRAIN b :to discourage from free or spontaneous activity especially through the operation of inner psychological or external social constraints [verb]:intransitive verb:to cause inhibition synonyms see FORBID
	curb	英文： [n.]: a bit that exerts severe pressure on a horse's jaws also :the chain or strap attached to it ― see BIT illustration [n.]:an enclosing frame, border, or edging [n.]:CHECK, RESTRAINT [n.]:a raised edge or margin to strengthen or confine [n.]:an edging (as of concrete) built along a street to form part of a gutter [n.]:a market for trading in securities not listed on a stock exchange [verb]:to furnish with a curb [verb]:to check or control with or as if with a curb [verb]:to lead (a dog) to a suitable place (as a gutter) for defecation synonyms see RESTRAIN
	suppress	英文： [verb]:to put down by authority or force :SUBDUE [verb]:to keep from public knowledge: as a :to keep secret b :to stop or prohibit the publication or revelation of [verb]:a:to exclude from consciousness b :to keep from giving vent to :CHECK [verb]:obsolete:to press down [verb]:a:to restrain from a usual course or action b :to inhibit the growth or development of [verb]:to inhibit the genetic expression of
	subdue	英文： [verb]:to conquer and bring into subjection :VANQUISH [verb]:to bring under control especially by an exertion of the will :CURB [verb]:to bring (land) under cultivation [verb]:to reduce the intensity or degree of :tone down synonyms see CONQUER
注释：

发起，创始	initiate	英文： [verb]:to cause or facilitate the beginning of :set going [verb]:to induct into membership by or as if by special rites [verb]:to instruct in the rudiments or principles of something :INTRODUCE synonyms see BEGIN [adj.]:a:initiated or properly admitted (as to membership or an office) b :instructed in some secret knowledge [adj.]:obsolete:relating to an initiate [n.]:a person who is undergoing or has undergone an initiation [n.]:a person who is instructed or adept in some special field
	begin	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb: to do the first part of an action :go into the first part of a process :START [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to come into existence :ARISE b :to have a starting point [verb]:intransitive verb: to do or succeed in the least degree [verb]:transitive verb: to set about the activity of :START [verb]:transitive verb: a:to bring into being :FOUND b :ORIGINATE, INVENT
	institute	英文： [verb]:to establish in a position or office [verb]:a:to originate and get established :ORGANIZE b: to set going :INAUGURATE
	launch	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: a:to throw forward :HURL b :to release, catapult, or send off (a self-propelled object) [verb]:transitive verb: a:to set (a boat or ship) afloat b :to give (a person) a start c (1) :to put into operation or set in motion :INITIATE, INTRODUCE (2) :to get off to a good start d :to load into a computer's memory and run [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to spring forward :TAKE OFF b :to enter energetically [verb]:intransitive verb:  a:archaic:to slide down the ways b :to make a start [n.]:an act or instance of launching [n.]:a large boat that operates from a ship [n.]:a small motorboat that is open or that has the forepart of the hull covered
	originate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to give rise to :INITIATE [verb]:intransitive verb:to take or have origin :BEGIN synonyms see SPRING
	pioneer	英文： [n.]:a member of a military unit usually of construction engineers [n.]:a:a person or group that originates or helps open up a new line of thought or activity or a new method or technical development b :one of the first to settle in a territory [n.]:a plant or animal capable of establishing itself in a bare, barren, or open area and initiating an ecological cycle [verb]:intransitive verb: to act as a pioneer [verb]:transitive verb:to open or prepare for others to follow also :SETTLE [verb]:transitive verb:to originate or take part in the development of [adj.]:ORIGINAL, EARLIEST [adj.]:relating to or being a pioneer especially :of, relating to, or characteristic of early settlers or their time
注释：①initiate：发起，创始；接纳或介绍某人加入某团体 ②同义词辨析：BEGIN, START, and COMMENCE are often interchangeable.BEGINopposed to end, is the most general. START opposed to stop, applies especially to first actions, steps, or stages . COMMENCE can be more formal or bookish than BEGIN or START . ③INITIATE implies taking a first step in a process or series that is to continue . ④INAUGURATE suggests a beginning of some formality or notion of significance

接纳或介绍某人加入某团体	initiate	英文： [verb]:同上
	admit	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to allow scope for :PERMIT b :to concede as true or valid [verb]:transitive verb:a:to allow entry (as to a place, fellowship, or privilege) b :to accept into a hospital as an inpatient [verb]:intransitive verb:to give entrance or access [verb]:intransitive verb:a:ALLOW, PERMIT b :to make acknowledgment ― used with to synonyms see ACKNOWLEDGE
	install	英文： [verb]:同上
	introduce	英文： [verb]: to lead or bring in especially for the first time [verb]: a:to bring into play b :to bring into practice or use :INSTITUTE [verb]: to lead to or make known by a formal act, announcement, or recommendation: as a :to cause to be acquainted b :to present formally at court or into society c :to present or announce formally or officially or by an official reading d :to make preliminary explanatory or laudatory remarks about e :to bring (as an actor or singer) before the public for the first time [verb]: PLACE, INSERT [verb]: to bring to a knowledge of something
注释：

预防注射，打预防针	inoculate	英文： [verb]:a:to introduce a microorganism into b :to introduce (as a microorganism) into a suitable situation for growth c :to introduce immunologically active material (as an antibody or antigen) into especially in order to treat or prevent a disease [verb]:to introduce something into the mind of [verb]:to protect as if by inoculation synonyms see INFUSE
	immunize	英文： [verb]:to make immune
	vaccinate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to administer a vaccine to usually by injection [verb]:intransitive verb:to perform or practice vaccination
注释：

在某物上写，题（词，字）	inscribe	英文： [verb]:a:to write, engrave, or print as a lasting record b :to enter on a list :ENROLL [verb]:a:to write, engrave, or print characters upon b :to autograph or address (a book) as a gift [verb]:to dedicate to someone [verb]:to draw within a figure so as to touch in as many places as possible [verb]:British:to register the name of the holder of (a security)
	engrave	英文： [verb]:a:to impress deeply as if with a graver b :to form by incision (as on wood or metal) [verb]:a:to cut figures, letters, or designs on for printing also :to print from an engraved plate  b :PHOTOENGRAVE
	write	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to form (as characters or symbols) on a surface with an instrument (as a pen) b :to form (as words) by inscribing the characters or symbols of on a surface c :to spell in writing d :to cover, fill, or fill in by writing [verb]:transitive verb:to set down in writing: as a :DRAW UP, DRAFT b (1) :to be the author of :COMPOSE (2) :to compose in musical form c :to express in literary form d :to communicate by letter e :to use or exhibit (a specific script, language, or literary form or style) in writing f :to write contracts or orders for especially :UNDERWRITE [verb]:transitive verb:to make a permanent impression of [verb]:transitive verb:to communicate with in writing [verb]:transitive verb:ORDAIN, FATE [verb]:transitive verb:to make evident or obvious [verb]:transitive verb: to force, effect, introduce, or remove by writing [verb]:transitive verb:to take part in or bring about (something worth recording) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to introduce (information) into the storage device or medium of a computer b :to transfer (information) from the main memory of a computer to a storage or output device [verb]:transitive verb:SELL [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to make significant characters or inscriptions also :to permit or be adapted to writing b :to form or produce written letters, words, or sentences [verb]:intransitive verb:to compose, communicate by, or send a letter [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to produce a written work b :to compose music
注释：

暗指，暗示	insinuate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to introduce (as an idea) gradually or in a subtle, indirect, or covert way b :to impart or suggest in an artful or indirect way :IMPLY [verb]:transitive verb:to introduce (as oneself) by stealthy, smooth, or artful means [verb]:intransitive verb:archaic:to enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly :CREEP [verb]:intransitive verb:archaic:to ingratiate oneself synonyms see INTRODUCE, SUGGEST
	hint	英文： [n.]:archaic:OPPORTUNITY, TURN [n.]:a:a statement conveying by implication what it is preferred not to say explicitly b :an indirect or summary suggestion [n.]:a slight indication of the existence, approach, or nature of something :CLUE [n.]:a very small amount :SUGGESTION [verb]:transitive verb:to convey indirectly and by allusion rather than explicitly [verb]:intransitive verb:to give a hint ― usually used with at synonyms see SUGGEST
	imply	英文： [verb]:obsolete:ENFOLD, ENTWINE [verb]:to involve or indicate by inference, association, or necessary consequence rather than by direct statement [verb]:to contain potentially [verb]:to express indirectly synonyms see SUGGEST
	intimate	英文： [verb]:to make known especially publicly or formally :ANNOUNCE [verb]:to communicate delicately and indirectly :HINT synonyms see SUGGEST [adj.]:a:INTRINSIC, ESSENTIAL b :belonging to or characterizing one's deepest nature [adj.]:marked by very close association, contact, or familiarity [adj.]:a:marked by a warm friendship developing through long association b :suggesting informal warmth or privacy [adj.]:of a very personal or private nature [n.]:an intimate friend or confidant
注释：

浓缩	inspissate	英文： [verb]:to make thick or thicker
	concentrate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to bring or direct toward a common center or objective :FOCUS b :to gather into one body, mass, or force c :to accumulate (a toxic substance) in bodily tissues [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make less dilute b :to express or exhibit in condensed form [verb]:intransitive verb:to draw toward or meet in a common center [verb]:intransitive verb:GATHER, COLLECT [verb]:intransitive verb:to focus one's powers, efforts, or attention [n.]:something concentrated: as a :a mineral-rich product obtained after an initial processing of ore b :a food reduced in bulk by elimination of fluid [n.]:a feedstuff (as grains) relatively rich in digestible nutrients ― compare FIBER
	condense	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make denser or more compact especially :to subject to condensation [verb]:intransitive verb: to undergo condensation synonyms see CONTRACT
	enrich	英文： [verb]:to make rich or richer especially by the addition or increase of some desirable quality, attribute, or ingredient: as a :to add beauty to :ADORN b :to enhance the taste of c :to make (a soil) more fertile d :to improve the nutritive value of (a food) by adding nutrients (as vitamins or amino acids) and especially by restoring part of the nutrients lost in processing e :to process so as to add or increase the proportion of a desirable ingredient
注释：

鼓舞，激励	inspire	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to influence, move, or guide by divine or supernatural inspiration b :to exert an animating, enlivening, or exalting influence on c :to spur on :IMPEL, MOTIVATE d :AFFECT [verb]:transitive verb:a:archaic:to breathe or blow into or upon b archaic :to infuse (as life) by breathing [verb]:transitive verb:a:to communicate to an agent supernaturally b :to draw forth or bring out [verb]:transitive verb:INHALE [verb]:transitive verb:a:BRING ABOUT, OCCASION b :INCITE [verb]:transitive verb:to spread (rumor) by indirect means or through the agency of another [verb]:intransitive verb:INHALE
	encourage	英文： [verb]:a:to inspire with courage, spirit, or hope :HEARTEN b :to attempt to persuade :URGE [verb]:to spur on :STIMULATE to give help or patronage to :FOSTER
	prompt	英文： [verb]:to move to action :INCITE [verb]:to assist (one acting or reciting) by suggesting or saying the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned :CUE [verb]:to serve as the inciting cause of [adj.]:of or relating to prompting actors [n.]:something that prompts :REMINDER [n.]:a limit of time given for payment of an account for goods purchased also :the contract by which this time is fixed
注释：

安装，装置	install	英文： [verb]:同上
	fix	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make firm, stable, or stationary b :to give a permanent or final form to: as (1) :to change into a stable compound or available form (2) :to kill, harden, and preserve for microscopic study (3) :to make the image of (a photographic film) permanent by removing unused salts c :AFFIX, ATTACH [verb]:transitive verb:a:to hold or direct steadily b :to capture the attention of [verb]:transitive verb:a:to set or place definitely :ESTABLISH b :to make an accurate determination of :DISCOVER c :ASSIGN [verb]:transitive verb:to set in order :ADJUST [verb]:transitive verb:to get ready :PREPARE [verb]:transitive verb:a:REPAIR, MENDb :RESTORE, CURE c :SPAY, CASTRATE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to get even with b :to influence the actions, outcome, or effect of by improper or illegal methods [verb]:intransitive verb:to become firm, stable, or fixed [verb]:intransitive verb:to get set :be on the verge [verb]:intransitive verb:to direct one's attention or efforts :FOCUS also :DECIDE, SETTLE ― usually used with on Synonyms see FASTEN [n.]:a position of difficulty or embarrassment :PREDICAMENT [n.]:a:the position (as of a ship) determined by bearings, observations, or radio also :a determination of one's position b :an accurate determination or understanding especially by observation or analysis [n.]:an act or instance of improper or illegal fixing [n.]:a supply or dose of something strongly desired or craved especially :a shot of a narcotic [n.]:FIXATION [n.]:something that fixes or restores :SOLUTION
	instate	英文： [verb]:obsolete a:INVEST, ENDOW b :BESTOW, CONFER [verb]:to set or establish in a rank or office :INSTALL
	place	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：①install：安装，装置；使就职 ②instate：任命，安置

怂恿，鼓动，煽动	instigate	英文： [verb]:to goad or urge forward :PROVOKE synonyms see INCITE
	incite	英文： [verb]:to move to action :stir up :spur on :urge on
	prompt	英文： [verb]:同上
	inspire	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：同义词辨析：INCITE, INSTIGATE mean to spur to action. INCITE stresses a stirring up and urging on, and may or may not imply initiating. INSTIGATE definitely implies responsibility for initiating another's action and often connotes underhandedness or evil intention

滴注	instill	英文： [verb]:同上
	infuse	英文： [verb]:同上
	instil	英文： [verb]:chiefly British variant of instill
注释：instill：滴注；逐渐灌输。见“灌输”。

制定，创立（社团，规章）	institute	英文： [verb]:同上
	begin	英文： [verb]:同上
	create	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to bring into existence [verb]:transitive verb:a:to invest with a new form, office, or rank b :to produce or bring about by a course of action or behavior [verb]:transitive verb:CAUSE, OCCASION [verb]:transitive verb:a:to produce through imaginative skill b :DESIGN [verb]:intransitive verb:to make or bring into existence something new [verb]:intransitive verb:to set up a scoring opportunity in basketball [adj.]:archaic:CREATED
	establish	英文： [verb]:to institute (as a law) permanently by enactment or agreement [verb]:obsolete:SETTLE [verb]:a:to make firm or stable b :to introduce and cause to grow and multiply [verb]:a:to bring into existence :FOUND b :BRING ABOUT, EFFECT [verb]:a:to put on a firm basis :SET UP b :to put into a favorable position c :to gain full recognition or acceptance of [verb]:to make (a church) a national or state institution [verb]:to put beyond doubt :PROVE
注释：institute：v.制定，创立（社团，规章）；n.学院，协会

追忆，怀旧	reminisce	英文： [verb]:to indulge in reminiscence synonyms see REMEMBER
	recollect	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to bring back to the level of conscious awareness :REMEMBER [verb]:transitive verb:to remind (oneself) of something temporarily forgotten [verb]:intransitive verb:to call something to mind synonyms see REMEMBER
	recall	英文： [verb]: CANCEL, REVOKE [verb]: a:to call back b :to bring back to mind c :to remind one of :RESEMBLE [verb]: RESTORE, REVIVE synonyms see REMEMBER [n.]:a call to return [n.]:the right or procedure by which an official may be removed by vote of the people [n.]:remembrance of what has been learned or experienced [n.]:the act of revoking [n.]:a public call by a manufacturer for the return of a product that may be defective or contaminated
	remember	英文： [verb]: transitive verb:to bring to mind or think of again [verb]: transitive verb:archaic a:BETHINK b:REMIND [verb]: transitive verb:a:to keep in mind for attention or consideration b :REWARD [verb]: transitive verb:to retain in the memory [verb]: transitive verb:to convey greetings from [verb]: transitive verb: RECORD, COMMEMORATE [verb]:intransitive verb:to exercise or have the power of memory [verb]:intransitive verb:to have a recollection or remembrance
注释：①reminisce：v.&n.追忆，怀旧 ②同义词辨析：REMEMBER, RECOLLECT, RECALL, REMINISCE mean to bring an image or idea from the past into the mind. REMEMBER implies a keeping in memory that may be effortless or unwilled . RECOLLECT implies a bringing back to mind what is lost or scattered . RECALL suggests an effort to bring back to mind and often to re-create in speech .REMINISCE implies a casual often nostalgic recalling of experiences long past and gone

免除	remit	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to lay aside (a mood or disposition) partly or wholly b :to desist from (an activity) c :to let (as attention or diligence) slacken :RELAX [verb]:transitive verb:a:to release from the guilt or penalty of b :to refrain from exacting c :to cancel or refrain from inflicting d :to give relief from (suffering) [verb]:transitive verb:to submit or refer for consideration, judgment, decision, or action specifically :REMAND [verb]:transitive verb:to restore or consign to a former status or condition [verb]:transitive verb:POSTPONE, DEFER [verb]:transitive verb:to send (money) to a person or place especially in payment of a demand, account, or draft [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to abate in force or intensity :MODERATE b :to abate symptoms (as of a disease) for a period [verb]:intransitive verb:to send money (as in payment) [n.]:an act of remitting [n.]:something remitted to another person or authority
	prevent	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:archaic a:to be in readiness for (as an occasion) b :to meet or satisfy in advance c :to act ahead of d :to go or arrive before [verb]:transitive verb:to deprive of power or hope of acting or succeeding [verb]:transitive verb:to keep from happening or existing [verb]:transitive verb:to hold or keep back :HINDER, STOP ― often used with from [verb]:intransitive verb:to interpose an obstacle
	avoid	英文： [verb]: to make legally void :ANNUL [verb]:obsolete:VOID, EXPEL [verb]:a:to keep away from :SHUN b :to prevent the occurrence or effectiveness of c :to refrain from [verb]:archaic:to depart or withdraw from :LEAVE synonyms see ESCAPE
	excuse	英文： [verb]:a:to make apology for b :to try to remove blame from [verb]:to forgive entirely or disregard as of trivial import :regard as excusable [verb]:a:to grant exemption or release to b :to allow to leave [verb]:to serve as excuse for :JUSTIFY [n.]:the act of excusing [n.]:a:something offered as justification or as grounds for being excused b: plural :an expression of regret for failure to do something c :a note of explanation of an absence [n.]:JUSTIFICATION, REASON synonyms see APOLOGY
	relieve	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to free from a burden :give aid or help to b :to set free from an obligation, condition, or restriction c :to ease of a burden, wrong, or oppression by judicial or legislative interposition [verb]:transitive verb:a:to bring about the removal or alleviation of :MITIGATE b :ROB, DEPRIVE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to release from a post, station, or duty b :to take the place of [verb]:transitive verb:to remove or lessen the monotony of [verb]:transitive verb:a:to set off by contrast b :to raise in relief [verb]:transitive verb:to discharge the bladder or bowels of (oneself) [verb]:intransitive verb:to bring or give relief [verb]:intransitive verb:to stand out in relief [verb]:intransitive verb:to serve as a relief pitcher
	absolve	英文： [verb]:to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt [verb]:to remit (a sin) by absolution synonyms see EXCULPATE
	forgive	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to give up resentment of or claim to requital for b :to grant relief from payment of [verb]:transitive verb:to cease to feel resentment against (an offender) :PARDON [verb]:intransitive verb:to grant forgiveness synonyms see EXCUSE
注释：remit：免除；宽恕；汇款

宽恕	remit	英文： [verb]:同上
	forgive	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

汇款	remit	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

抗议	remonstrate	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to present and urge reasons in opposition :EXPOSTULATE ― usually used with with [verb]:transitive verb:to say or plead in protest, reproof, or opposition
	protest	英文： [n.]:a solemn declaration of opinion and usually of dissent: as a :a sworn declaration that payment of a note or bill has been refused and that all responsible signers or debtors are liable for resulting loss or damage b :a declaration made especially before or while paying that a tax is illegal and that payment is not voluntary [n.]:the act of objecting or a gesture of disapproval especially :a usually organized public demonstration of disapproval [n.]:a complaint, objection, or display of unwillingness usually to an idea or a course of action [n.]:an objection made to an official or a governing body of a sport [verb]:transitive verb:to make solemn declaration or affirmation of [verb]:transitive verb:to execute or have executed a formal protest against (as a bill or note) [verb]:transitive verb:to make a statement or gesture in objection to [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a protestation [verb]:intransitive verb:to make or enter a protest synonyms see ASSERT
注释：remonstrate：v.抗议；告诫

告诫	remonstrate	英文： [verb]:同上
	warn	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to give notice to beforehand especially of danger or evil b :to give admonishing advice to :COUNSEL c :to call to one's attention :INFORM [verb]:transitive verb:to order to go or stay away ― often used with off [verb]:intransitive verb:to give a warning
	admonish	英文： [verb]:a:to indicate duties or obligations to b :to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner [verb]:to give friendly earnest advice or encouragement to synonyms see REPROVE
	exhort	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to incite by argument or advice :urge strongly [verb]:intransitive verb:to give warnings or advice :make urgent appeals
注释：

酬劳，赔偿	remunerate	英文： [verb]:to pay an equivalent for [verb]:to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense :RECOMPENSE synonyms see PAY
	compensate	英文： [verb]:同上
	recompense	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

撕裂	rend	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to remove from place by violence :WREST [verb]:transitive verb:to split or tear apart or in pieces by violence [verb]:transitive verb:to tear (the hair or clothing) as a sign of anger, grief, or despair [verb]:transitive verb: a:to lacerate mentally or emotionally b :to pierce with sound c :to divide (as a nation) into contesting factions [verb]:intransitive verb:to perform an act of tearing or splitting [verb]:intransitive verb:to become torn or split synonyms see TEAR
	rip	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to tear or split apart or open b :to saw or split (wood) with the grain [verb]:transitive verb:to slash or slit with or as if with a sharp blade [verb]:transitive verb:to hit sharply [verb]:transitive verb:to utter violently :spit out [verb]:transitive verb: CRITICIZE, DISPARAGE [verb]:intransitive verb:to become ripped :REND [verb]:intransitive verb:to rush headlong synonyms see TEAR
	slit	英文： [n.]:a long narrow cut or opening [verb]:a:to make a slit in b :to cut off or away :SEVER c :to form into a slit [verb]:to cut into long narrow strips
	mangle	英文： [verb]:to injure with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting, tearing, or crushing [verb]:to spoil, injure, or make incoherent especially through ineptitude Synonyms see MAIM [n.]:a machine for ironing laundry by passing it between heated rollers [verb]:to press or smooth (as damp linen) with a mangle
注释：①rend：v. 撕裂；猛拉 ②rip:v. 撕，撕裂

猛拉	rend	英文： [verb]:同上
	pluck	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to pull or pick off or out [verb]:transitive verb:a:to remove something (as hairs) from by or as if by plucking b :ROB, FLEECE [verb]:transitive verb:to move, remove, or separate forcibly or abruptly [verb]:transitive verb:a:to pick, pull, or grasp at b :to play by sounding the strings with the fingers or a pick [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a sharp pull or twitch [n.]:an act or instance of plucking or pulling [n.]:the heart, liver, lungs, and trachea of a slaughtered animal especially as an item of food [n.]:courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds :dogged resolution
注释：rend：v. 撕裂；猛拉

呈递，表现；提供…作为报偿或交换	render	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to melt down  also :to extract by melting b :to treat so as to convert into industrial fats and oils or fertilizer [verb]:transitive verb:a:to transmit to another :DELIVER b :GIVE UP, YIELD c :to furnish for consideration, approval, or information: as (1) :to hand down (a legal judgment) (2) :to agree on and report (a verdict) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to give in return or retribution b (1) :GIVE BACK, RESTORE (2) :REFLECT, ECHO c :to give in acknowledgment of dependence or obligation :PAY d :to do (a service) for another [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to cause to be or become :MAKE (2) :IMPART b (1) :to reproduce or represent by artistic or verbal means :DEPICT (2) :to give a performance of (3) :to produce a copy or version of(4) :to execute the motions of c :TRANSLATE [verb]:transitive verb:to direct the execution of :ADMINISTER [verb]:transitive verb:to apply a coat of plaster or cement directly to [verb]:intransitive verb:to give recompense [n.]:a return especially in goods or services due from a feudal tenant to his lord
	present	英文： [n.]:something presented :GIFT [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to bring or introduce into the presence of someone especially of superior rank or status (2) :to introduce socially b :to bring (as a play) before the public [verb]:transitive verb:to make a gift to [verb]:transitive verb:to give or bestow formally [verb]:transitive verb:a:to lay (as a charge) before a court as an object of inquiry b :to bring a formal public charge, indictment, or presentment against [verb]:transitive verb:to nominate to a benefice [verb]:transitive verb:a:to offer to view :SHOW b :to bring to one's attention [verb]:transitive verb:to act the part of :PERFORM [verb]:transitive verb:to aim, point, or direct (as a weapon) so as to face something or in a particular direction [verb]:intransitive verb:to present a weapon [verb]:intransitive verb:to become manifest [verb]:intransitive verb::to come forward as a patient [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a presentation synonyms see GIVE [adj.]:now existing or in progress [adj.]:a:being in view or at hand b :existing in something mentioned or under consideration [adj.]:constituting the one actually involved, at hand, or being considered [adj.]:of, relating to, or constituting a verb tense that is expressive of present time or the time of speaking [adj.]:obsolete:ATTENTIVE [adj.]:archaic:INSTANT, IMMEDIATE [n.]:a: obsolete:present occasion or affair b plural :the present words or statements specifically :the legal instrument or other writing in which these words are used [n.]:a:the present tense of a language b :a verb form in the present tense 3:the present time
	submit	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to yield to governance or authority b :to subject to a condition, treatment, or operation [verb]:transitive verb:to present or propose to another for review, consideration, or decision also :to deliver formally [verb]:transitive verb:to put forward as an opinion or contention [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to yield oneself to the authority or will of another :SURRENDER b :to permit oneself to be subjected to something [verb]:intransitive verb:to defer to or consent to abide by the opinion or authority of another synonyms see YIELD
注释：

背信，违约	renege	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:DENY, RENOUNCE [verb]:intransitive verb:obsolete:to make a denial [verb]:intransitive verb:REVOKE [verb]:intransitive verb:to go back on a promise or commitment
注释：

修复，装修，翻新（尤指旧建筑）	renovate	英文： [verb]:to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning, repairing, or rebuilding) [verb]:to restore to life, vigor, or activity :REVIVE Synonyms see RENEW
	renew	英文： [verb]: transitive verb:to make like new :restore to freshness, vigor, or perfection to make new spiritually :REGENERATE [verb]: transitive verb:a:to restore to existence :REVIVE b :to make extensive changes in :REBUILD [verb]: transitive verb:to do again :REPEAT [verb]: transitive verb:to begin again :RESUME [verb]: transitive verb:REPLACE, REPLENISH [verb]: transitive verb:a:to grant or obtain an extension of or on  b :to grant or obtain an extension on the loan of [verb]:intransitive verb:to become new or as new [verb]:intransitive verb:to begin again :RESUME [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a renewal (as of a lease)
	recondition	英文： [verb]:to restore to good condition (as by replacing parts) [verb]:to condition (as a person or a person's attitudes) anew also :to reinstate (a response) in an organism
	redo	英文： [verb]:to do over or again [verb]:REDECORATE
	remake	英文： [verb]:to make anew or in a different form [n.]:one that is remade especially :a new version of a motion picture
注释：同义词辨析：RENEW implies a restoration of what had become faded or disintegrated so that it seems like new. RENOVATE suggests a renewing by cleansing, repairing, or rebuilding

放弃	renunciate	英文： [verb]:韦氏和美国传统都没查到释义
	abnegate	英文： [verb]:DENY, RENOUNCE [verb]:SURRENDER, RELINQUISH
	quit	英文： [adj.]:released from obligation, charge, or penalty especially :FREE [verb]:transitive verb:to make full payment of :PAY UP [verb]:transitive verb:to set free :RELIEVE, RELEASE [verb]:transitive verb:CONDUCT, ACQUIT [verb]:transitive verb:a:to depart from or out of b :to leave the company of c :GIVE UP d :GIVE UP [verb]:intransitive verb:to cease normal, expected, or necessary action [verb]:intransitive verb:to give up employment [verb]:intransitive verb:to admit defeat :GIVE UP synonyms see STOP [n.]:the act or an instance of quitting a job
	relinquish	英文： [verb]:to withdraw or retreat from :leave behind [verb]:GIVE UP [verb]:a:to stop holding physically :RELEASE b :to give over possession or control of :YIELD
	renounce	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal declaration [verb]:transitive verb:to refuse to follow, obey, or recognize any further :REPUDIATE [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a renunciation [verb]:intransitive verb:to fail to follow suit in a card game synonyms see ABDICATE, ABJURE
	resign	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:RELEGATE, CONSIGN especially :to give (oneself) over without resistance [verb]:transitive verb:to give up deliberately especially :to renounce (as a right or position) by a formal act [verb]:intransitive verb:to give up one's office or position :QUIT [verb]:intransitive verb:to accept something as inevitable :SUBMIT synonyms see RELINQUISH, ABDICATE
	vacate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb: to make legally void :ANNUL [verb]:transitive verb:a:to deprive of an incumbent or occupant b :to give up the incumbency or occupancy of [verb]:intransitive verb:to vacate an office, post, or tenancy
	waive	英文： [verb]:archaic:GIVE UP, FORSAKE [verb]:to throw away (stolen goods) [verb]:archaic:to shunt aside (as a danger or duty) :EVADE [verb]:a:to relinquish voluntarily (as a legal right) b :to refrain from pressing or enforcing (as a claim or rule) :FORGO [verb]:to put off from immediate consideration :POSTPONE [verb]:to dismiss with or as if with a wave of the hand [verb]:to place (a ball player) on waivers also :to release after placing on waivers synonyms see RELINQUISH
	abandon	英文： [verb]:a:to give up to the control or influence of another person or agent b :to give up with the intent of never again claiming a right or interest in [verb]:to withdraw from often in the face of danger or encroachment [verb]:to withdraw protection, support, or help from [verb]:to give (oneself) over unrestrainedly [verb]:a:to cease from maintaining, practicing, or using b :to cease intending or attempting to perform
	abdicate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to cast off :DISCARD [verb]:transitive verb:to relinquish (as sovereign power) formally [verb]:intransitive verb:to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function
	cede	英文： [verb]:to yield or grant typically by treaty [verb]:ASSIGN, TRANSFER
	flunk	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to fail especially in an examination or course [verb]:transitive verb:to give a failing grade to [verb]:transitive verb:to get a failing grade or result in
	forego	英文： [verb]:to go before :PRECEDE [verb]:to give up the enjoyment or advantage of :do without [verb]:archaic:FORSAKE
	depart	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to go away :LEAVE b :DIE [verb]:intransitive verb: to turn aside :DEVIATE [verb]:transitive verb:to go away from :LEAVE synonyms see SWERVE
	desert	英文： [n.]:a:arid land with usually sparse vegetation especially :such land having a very warm climate and receiving less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of sporadic rainfall annually b :an area of water apparently devoid of life [n.]:archaic:a wild uninhabited and uncultivated tract [n.]:a desolate or forbidding area [adj.]:desolate and sparsely occupied or unoccupied [adj.]:of or relating to a desert [adj.]:archaic:FORSAKEN [n.]:the quality or fact of deserving reward or punishment [n.]:deserved reward or punishment ― usually used in plural [n.]:EXCELLENCE, WORTH [verb]:transitive verb:to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return [verb]:transitive verb:a:to leave in the lurch b :to abandon (military service) without leave intransitive verb:to quit one's post, allegiance, or service without leave or justification especially :to abandon military duty without leave and without intent to return synonyms see ABANDON
	disclaim	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a disclaimer [verb]:intransitive verb:a: obsolete:to disavow all part or share b :to utter denial [verb]:transitive verb:to renounce a legal claim to [verb]:transitive verb:DENY, DISAVOW
	forgo	英文： [verb]:to give up the enjoyment or advantage of :do without [verb]:archaic:FORSAKE
	forsake	英文： [verb]:to renounce or turn away from entirely Synonyms see ABANDON
	surrender	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to yield to the power, control, or possession of another upon compulsion or demand b :to give up completely or agree to forgo especially in favor of another [verb]:transitive verb:a:to give (oneself) up into the power of another especially as a prisoner b :to give (oneself) over to something (as an influence) [verb]:intransitive verb:to give oneself up into the power of another :YIELD synonyms see RELINQUISH [n.]:a:the action of yielding one's person or giving up the possession of something especially into the power of another b :the relinquishment by a patentee of rights or claims under a patent c :the delivery of a principal into lawful custody by bail ― called also surrender by bail d :the voluntary cancellation of the legal liability of an insurance company by the insured and beneficiary for a consideration e :the delivery of a fugitive from justice by one government to another [n.]:an instance of surrendering
注释：①同义词辨析：RELINQUISH, RESIGN, ABANDON, WAIVE mean to give up completely. RELINQUISH usually does not imply strong feeling but may suggest some regret, reluctance, or weakness .RESIGN emphasizes voluntary relinquishment or sacrifice without struggle . ABANDON stresses finality and completeness in giving up. WAIVE implies conceding or forgoing with little or no compulsion. ②同义词辨析：ABDICATE, RENOUNCE, RESIGN mean to give up a position with no possibility of resuming it. ABDICATE implies a giving up of sovereign power or sometimes an evading of responsibility such as that of a parent . RENOUNCE may replace it but often implies additionally a sacrifice for a greater end. RESIGN applies to the giving up of an unexpired office or trust.

不满，抱怨	repine	英文： [verb]:to feel or express dejection or discontent :COMPLAIN [verb]:to long for something
	languish	英文： [verb]:a:to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated b :to be or live in a state of depression or decreasing vitality [verb]:a:to become dispirited b :to suffer neglect [verb]:to assume an expression of grief or emotion appealing for sympathy
注释：

谴责，责难	reprehend	英文： [verb]:to voice disapproval of :CENSURE synonyms see CRITICIZE
	denounce	英文： [verb]:to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil [verb]:archaic a:PROCLAIM b:to announce threateningly [verb]:to inform against :ACCUSE [verb]:obsolete:PORTEND [verb]:to announce formally the termination of (as a treaty) synonyms see CRITICIZE
	condemn	英文： [verb]: to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually after weighing evidence and without reservation [verb]:a:to pronounce guilty :CONVICT b :SENTENCE, DOOM [verb]:to adjudge unfit for use or consumption [verb]:to declare convertible to public use under the right of eminent domain synonyms see CRITICIZE
	criticize	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to act as a critic [verb]:transitive verb:to consider the merits and demerits of and judge accordingly :EVALUATE [verb]:transitive verb:to find fault with :point out the faults of
	censure	英文： [n.]:a judgment involving condemnation [n.]:archaic:OPINION, JUDGMENT [n.]:the act of blaming or condemning sternly [n.]:an official reprimand [verb]:obsolete:ESTIMATE, JUDGE [verb]:to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy synonyms see CRITICIZE
注释：同义词辨析：CRITICIZE, REPREHEND, CENSURE, CONDEMN, DENOUNCE mean to find fault with openly. CRITICIZE implies finding fault especially with methods or policies or intentions. REPREHEND implies both criticism and severe rebuking. CENSURE carries a strong suggestion of authority and of reprimanding. CONDEMN usually suggests an unqualified and final unfavorable judgment . DENOUNCE adds to CONDEMN the implication of a public declaration.

呈现	represent	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to bring clearly before the mind :PRESENT [verb]:transitive verb:to serve as a sign or symbol of [verb]:transitive verb:to portray or exhibit in art :DEPICT [verb]:transitive verb:to serve as the counterpart or image of :TYPIFY [verb]:transitive verb:a:to produce on the stage b :to act the part or role of [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to take the place of in some respect (2) :to act in the place of or for usually by legal right (3) :to manage the legal and business affairs of  b :to serve especially in a legislative body by delegated authority usually resulting from election [verb]:transitive verb:to describe as having a specified character or quality [verb]:transitive verb:a:to give one's impression and judgment of :state in a manner intended to affect action or judgment b :to point out in protest or remonstrance [verb]:transitive verb:to serve as a specimen, example, or instance of [verb]:transitive verb:a:to form an image or representation of in the mind b (1) :to apprehend (an object) by means of an idea (2) :to recall in memory [verb]:transitive verb:to correspond to in essence :CONSTITUTE [verb]:intransitive verb:to make representations against something :PROTEST [verb]:intransitive verb:slang:to perform a task or duty admirably :serve as an outstanding example
	appear	英文： [verb]:a:to be or come in sight b :to show up [verb]:to come formally before an authoritative body [verb]:to have an outward aspect :SEEM [verb]:to become evident or manifest [verb]:to come into public view [verb]:to come into existence
	emerge	英文： [verb]: to become manifest :become known [verb]:to rise from or as if from an enveloping fluid :come out into view [verb]:to rise from an obscure or inferior position or condition [verb]:to come into being through evolution
注释：represent：v.呈现；代表；体现

代表	represent	英文： [verb]:同上
	symbolize	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to serve as a symbol of [verb]:transitive verb:to represent, express, or identify by a symbol [verb]:intransitive verb:to use symbols or symbolism
	typify	英文： [verb]:to represent in typical fashion :to constitute a typical mark or instance of [verb]:to embody the essential or salient characteristics of :be the type of
注释：

体现	represent	英文： [verb]:同上
	embody	英文： [verb]:to give a body to (a spirit) :INCARNATE [verb]:a:to deprive of spirituality b :to make concrete and perceptible [verb]:to cause to become a body or part of a body :INCORPORATE [verb]:to represent in human or animal form :PERSONIFY
	incarnate	英文： [adj.]:a:invested with bodily and especially human nature and form b :made manifest or comprehensible :EMBODIED [adj.]:INCARNADINE [verb]:to make incarnate: as a :to give bodily form and substance to b (1) :to give a concrete or actual form to :ACTUALIZE (2) :to constitute an embodiment or type of
	reflect	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:archaic:to turn into or away from a course :DEFLECT [verb]:transitive verb:to prevent passage of and cause to change direction [verb]:transitive verb:to bend or fold back [verb]:transitive verb:to give back or exhibit as an image, likeness, or outline :MIRROR [verb]:transitive verb:to bring or cast as a result [verb]:transitive verb:to make manifest or apparent :SHOW [verb]:transitive verb:REALIZE, CONSIDER [verb]:intransitive verb:to throw back light or sound [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to think quietly and calmly b :to express a thought or opinion resulting from reflection [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to tend to bring reproach or discredit b :to bring about a specified appearance or characterization c :to have a bearing or influence synonyms see THINK
注释：

缓刑，暂时解救	reprieve	英文： [verb]:to delay the punishment of (as a condemned prisoner) [verb]:to give relief or deliverance to for a time [n.]:a:the act of reprieving :the state of being reprieved b :a formal temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence especially of death [n.]:an order or warrant for a reprieve [n.]:a temporary respite (as from pain or trouble)
	respite	英文： [n.]:a period of temporary delay [n.]:an interval of rest or relief [verb]:to grant a respite to [verb]:PUT OFF, DELAY [adj.]:providing or being temporary care in relief of a primary caregiver
注释：reprieve：v.缓刑，暂时解救；n.缓刑，暂缓

废除，取消	rescind	英文： [verb]:to take away :REMOVE [verb]:a:TAKE BACK, CANCEL b :to abrogate (a contract) and restore the parties to the positions they would have occupied had there been no contract [verb]:to make void (as an act) by action of the enacting authority or a superior authority :REPEAL
	annul	英文： [verb]:to reduce to nothing :OBLITERATE [verb]:to make ineffective or inoperative :NEUTRALIZE [verb]:to declare or make legally invalid or void synonyms see NULLIFY
	countermand	英文： [verb]:to revoke (a command) by a contrary order [verb]:to recall or order back by a superseding contrary order [n.]: a contrary order [n.]: the revocation of an order or command
	repeal	英文： [verb]:to rescind or annul by authoritative act especially :to revoke or abrogate by legislative enactment [verb]:ABANDON, RENOUNCE [verb]:obsolete:to summon to return :RECALL
	revoke	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to annul by recalling or taking back :RESCIND [verb]:transitive verb:to bring or call back [verb]:intransitive verb:to fail to follow suit when able in a card game in violation of the rules
注释：①revoke：v.撤销，废除；召回 ②rescind：v.废除，取消（法规，合同）

解救	rescue	英文： [verb]:to free from confinement, danger, or evil :SAVE, DELIVER: as a :to take (as a prisoner) forcibly from custody b :to recover (as a prize) by force c :to deliver (as a place under siege) by armed force
	extricate	英文： [verb]:a archaic:UNRAVEL b:to distinguish from a related thing [verb]:to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty
	salvage	英文： [n.]:a:compensation paid for saving a ship or its cargo from the perils of the sea or for the lives and property rescued in a wreck b :the act of saving or rescuing a ship or its cargo c :the act of saving or rescuing property in danger (as from fire) [n.]:a:property saved from destruction in a calamity (as a wreck or fire) b :something extracted (as from rubbish) as valuable or useful [verb]:to rescue or save especially from wreckage or ruin
	free	英文： [adj.]:a:having the legal and political rights of a citizen b :enjoying civil and political liberty c :enjoying political independence or freedom from outside domination d :enjoying personal freedom :not subject to the control or domination of another [adj.]: a:not determined by anything beyond its own nature or being :choosing or capable of choosing for itself b :determined by the choice of the actor or performer c :made, done, or given voluntarily or spontaneously [adj.]:a:relieved from or lacking something and especially something unpleasant or burdensome--often used in combination b :not bound, confined, or detained by force [adj.]:a:having no trade restrictions b :not subject to government regulation c of foreign exchange :not subject to restriction or official control [adj.]:a:having no obligations (as to work) or commitments b :not taken up with commitments or obligations [adj.]:having a scope not restricted by qualification [adj.]:a:not obstructed, restricted, or impeded b :not being used or occupied c :not hampered or restricted in its normal operation [adj.]:a:not fastened b :not confined to a particular position or place c :capable of moving or turning in any direction d :performed without apparatus e :done with artificial aids (as pitons) used only for protection against falling and not for support [adj.]:a:not parsimonious b :OUTSPOKEN c :availing oneself of something without stint d :FRANK, OPEN e :overly familiar or forward in action or attitude f :LICENTIOUS [adj.]:not costing or charging anything [adj.]:a (1):not united with, attached to, combined with, or mixed with something else :SEPARATE (2) :FREESTANDING b :chemically uncombined c :not permanently attached but able to move about d :capable of being used alone as a meaningful linguistic form ― compare BOUND [adj.]:a:not literal or exact b :not restricted by or conforming to conventional forms [adj.]::FAVORABLE― used of a wind blowing from a direction more than six points from dead ahead [adj.]:not allowing slavery [adj.]:open to all comers [verb]:a:to cause to be free b :to relieve or rid of what restrains, confines, restricts, or embarrasses c :DISENTANGLE, CLEAR [verb]:obsolete:BANISH [adv.]:in a free manner [adv.]:without charge [adv.]:with the wind more than six points from dead ahead
	liberate	英文： [verb]:to set at liberty :FREE specifically :to free (as a country) from domination by a foreign power [verb]:to free from combination [verb]:to take or take over illegally or unjustly synonyms see FREE
	release	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude also :to let go :DISMISS [verb]:transitive verb:to relieve from something that confines, burdens, or oppresses [verb]:transitive verb:to give up in favor of another :RELINQUISH [verb]:transitive verb:to give permission for publication, performance, exhibition, or sale of also :to make available to the public [verb]:intransitive verb:to move from one's normal position (as in football or basketball) in order to assume another position or to perform a second assignment synonyms see FREE [n.]:relief or deliverance from sorrow, suffering, or trouble [n.]:a:discharge from obligation or responsibility b (1) :relinquishment of a right or claim (2) :an act by which a legal right is discharged specifically :a conveyance of a right in lands or tenements to another having an estate in possession [n.]:a:the act or an instance of liberating or freeing (as from restraint) b :the act or manner of concluding a musical tone or phrase c :the act or manner of ending a sound :the movement of one or more vocal organs in quitting the position for a speech sound d :the action or manner of throwing a ball [n.]:an instrument effecting a legal release [n.]:the state of being freed [n.]:a device adapted to hold or release a mechanism as required [n.]:a:the act of permitting performance or publication also :PERFORMANCE, PUBLICATION b :the matter released especially :a statement prepared for the press
	save	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to deliver from sin b :to rescue or deliver from danger or harm c :to preserve or guard from injury, destruction, or loss d :to store (data) in a computer or on a storage device (as a floppy disk or CD) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to put aside as a store or reserve :ACCUMULATE b :to spend less by [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make unnecessary :AVOID b (1) :to keep from being lost to an opponent (2) :to prevent an opponent from scoring or winning [verb]:transitive verb:MAINTAIN, PRESERVE [verb]:intransitive verb:to rescue or deliver someone [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to put aside money b :to avoid unnecessary waste or expense :ECONOMIZE c :to spend less money [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a save synonyms see RESCUE
	deliver	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to set free [verb]:transitive verb:a:to take and hand over to or leave for another :CONVEY b :HAND OVER, SURRENDER [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to assist in giving birth (2) :to aid in the birth of b :to give birth to c :to cause (oneself) to produce as if by giving birth [verb]:transitive verb:SPEAK, SING, UTTER [verb]:transitive verb:to send (something aimed or guided) to an intended target or destination [verb]:transitive verb:a:to bring (as votes) to the support of a candidate or cause b :to come through with :PRODUCE [verb]:intransitive verb:to produce the promised, desired, or expected results :COME THROUGH synonyms see RESCUE
	redeem	英文： [verb]:a:to buy back :REPURCHASE b :to get or win back [verb]:to free from what distresses or harms: as a :to free from captivity by payment of ransom b :to extricate from or help to overcome something detrimental c :to release from blame or debt :CLEAR d :to free from the consequences of sin [verb]:to change for the better :REFORM [verb]:REPAIR, RESTORE [verb]:a:to free from a lien by payment of an amount secured thereby b (1) :to remove the obligation of by payment (2) :to exchange for something of value c :to make good :FULFILL [verb]:a:to atone for :EXPIATE b (1) :to offset the bad effect of (2) :to make worthwhile :RETRIEVE synonyms see RESCUE
	ransom	英文： [n.]:a consideration paid or demanded for the release of someone or something from captivity [n.]:the act of ransoming [verb]: to deliver especially from sin or its penalty [verb]: to free from captivity or punishment by paying a price synonyms see RESCUE
	reclaim	英文： [verb]:a:to recall from wrong or improper conduct :REFORM b :TAME, SUBDUE [verb]:a:to rescue from an undesirable state also :to restore to a previous natural state b :to make available for human use by changing natural conditions [verb]:to obtain from a waste product or by-product :RECOVER [verb]:a:to demand or obtain the return of b :to regain possession of synonyms see RESCUE
注释：①rescue：n./v.解救；把…从法律监管下强行夺回，非法劫回 ②同义词辨析：synonymsRESCUE, DELIVER, REDEEM, RANSOM, RECLAIM, SAVE mean to set free from confinement or danger. RESCUE implies freeing from imminent danger by prompt or vigorous action. DELIVER implies release usually of a person from confinement, temptation, slavery, or suffering. REDEEM implies releasing from bondage or penalties by giving what is demanded or necessary. RANSOM specif. applies to buying out of captivity. RECLAIM suggests a bringing back to a former state or condition of someone or something abandoned or debase. SAVE may replace any of the foregoing terms; it may further imply a preserving or maintaining for usefulness or continued existence.

憎恨，愤恨	resent	英文： [verb]:to feel or express annoyance or ill will at
	detest	英文： [verb]:to feel intense and often violent antipathy toward :LOATHE [verb]:obsolete:CURSE, DENOUNCE synonyms see HATE
	loathe	英文： [verb]:to dislike greatly and often with disgust or intolerance :DETEST synonyms see HATE
	hate	英文： [n.]:a:intense hostility and aversion usually deriving from fear, anger, or sense of injury b :extreme dislike or antipathy :LOATHING [n.]:an object of hatred [verb]:transitive verb:to feel extreme enmity toward [verb]:transitive verb:to have a strong aversion to :find very distasteful [verb]:intransitive verb:to express or feel extreme enmity or active hostility
注释：同义词辨析：HATE, DETEST, LOATHE mean to feel strong aversion or intense dislike for. HATE implies an emotional aversion often coupled with enmity or malice. DETEST suggests violent antipathy. LOATHE implies utter disgust and intolerance.

委托	resign	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:RELEGATE, CONSIGN especially :to give (oneself) over without resistance [verb]:transitive verb:to give up deliberately especially :to renounce (as a right or position) by a formal act [verb]:intransitive verb:to give up one's office or position :QUIT [verb]:intransitive verb:to accept something as inevitable :SUBMIT synonyms see RELINQUISH, ABDICATE
	consign	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to give over to another's care [verb]:transitive verb:to give, transfer, or deliver into the hands or control of another also :to commit especially to a final destination or fate [verb]:transitive verb:to send or address to an agent to be cared for or sold [verb]:intransitive verb: obsolete:AGREE, SUBMIT synonyms see COMMIT
	entrust	英文： [verb]:to confer a trust on especially :to deliver something in trust to [verb]:to commit to another with confidence synonyms see COMMIT
	intrust	英文： [verb]:variant of entrust
	trust	英文： [n.]:a:assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something b :one in which confidence is placed [n.]:a:dependence on something future or contingent :HOPE b :reliance on future payment for property (as merchandise) delivered :CREDIT [n.]:a:a property interest held by one person for the benefit of another b :a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement especially :one that reduces or threatens to reduce competition [n.]:archaic:TRUSTWORTHINESS [n.]:a (1):a charge or duty imposed in faith or confidence or as a condition of some relationship (2) :something committed or entrusted to one to be used or cared for in the interest of another b :responsible charge or office c :CARE, CUSTODY [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to place confidence :DEPEND b:to be confident :HOPE [verb]:intransitive verb:to sell or deliver on credit [verb]:transitive verb:a:to commit or place in one's care or keeping :ENTRUST b :to permit to stay or go or to do something without fear or misgiving [verb]:transitive verb:a:to rely on the truthfulness or accuracy of :BELIEVE b :to place confidence in :rely on c :to hope or expect confidently [verb]:transitive verb:to extend credit to
注释：resign：v.委托；放弃；辞职

辞职	resign	英文： [verb]:同上
	abdicate	英文： [verb]:同上
	quit	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

求助，诉诸	resort	英文： [n.]:a:one that affords aid or refuge :RESOURCE b :RECOURSE 1A [n.]:a:frequent, habitual, or general visiting b :persons who frequent a place :THRONG c (1) :a frequently visited place :HAUNT (2) :a place providing recreation and entertainment especially to vacationers synonyms see RESOURCE [verb]:to go especially frequently or habitually :REPAIR [verb]:to have recourse
	refuge	英文： [n.]: shelter or protection from danger or distress [n.]:a place that provides shelter or protection [n.]:something to which one has recourse in difficulty [verb]:transitive verb:to give refuge to [verb]:intransitive verb:to seek or take refuge
注释：resort：n.度假胜地 v.求助，诉诸

尊敬	respect	英文： [n.]:a relation or reference to a particular thing or situation [n.]:an act of giving particular attention :CONSIDERATION [n.]:a:high or special regard :ESTEEM b :the quality or state of being esteemed c plural :expressions of respect or deference [n.]:PARTICULAR, DETAIL [verb]:a:to consider worthy of high regard :ESTEEM b :to refrain from interfering with [verb]:to have reference to :CONCERN synonyms see REGARD
	esteem	英文： [n.]:archaic:WORTH, VALUE [n.]:archaic:OPINION, JUDGMENT [n.]:the regard in which one is held especially :high regard [verb]:archaic:APPRAISE [verb]:a:to view as :CONSIDER b :THINK, BELIEVE [verb]:to set a high value on :regard highly and prize accordingly synonyms see REGARD
	regard	英文： [n.]:archaic:APPEARANCE [n.]:a:ATTENTION, CONSIDERATION b :a protective interest :CARE [n.]:LOOK, GAZE [n.]:a:the worth or estimation in which something or someone is held b (1) :a feeling of respect and affection :ESTEEM (2) plural :friendly greetings implying such feeling [n.]:a basis of action or opinion :MOTIVE [n.]:an aspect to be taken into consideration :RESPECT [n.]:obsolete:INTENTION [verb]:transitive verb:to consider and appraise usually from a particular point of view [verb]:transitive verb:to pay attention to :take into consideration or account [verb]:transitive verb:a:to show respect or consideration for b :to hold in high esteem [verb]:transitive verb:to look at [verb]:transitive verb:archaic:to relate to [verb]:intransitive verb:to look attentively :GAZE [verb]:intransitive verb:to pay attention :HEED
	revere	英文： [verb]:to show devoted deferential honor to :regard as worthy of great honor [n.]:REVERS
	admire	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to regard with admiration [verb]:transitive verb:archaic:to marvel at [verb]:intransitive verb:dialect:to like very much synonyms see REGARD
注释：①respect：n./v. 尊敬 ②同义词辨析：synonymsREGARD, RESPECT, ESTEEM, ADMIRE mean to recognize the worth of a person or thing. REGARD is a general term that is usually qualified. RESPECT implies a considered evaluation or estimation. ESTEEM implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation. ADMIRE suggests usually enthusiastic appreciation and often deep affection. ③revere：v.深表尊敬

使回复、恢复至原状；修复、修补至原状	restore	英文： [verb]:GIVE BACK, RETURN [verb]:to put or bring back into existence or use [verb]:to bring back to or put back into a former or original state :RENEW [verb]:to put again in possession of something synonyms see RENEW
	revert	英文： [verb]:to come or go back (as to a former condition, period, or subject) [verb]:to return to the proprietor or his or her heirs at the end of a reversion [verb]:to return to an ancestral type
	reinstate	英文： [verb]:to place again (as in possession or in a former position) [verb]:to restore to a previous effective state
	renew	英文： [verb]:同上
	regress	英文： [n.]:a:an act or the privilege of going or coming back b :REENTRY [n.]:movement backward to a previous and especially worse or more primitive state or condition [n.]:the act of reasoning backward [verb]:a:to make or undergo regress :RETROGRADE b :to be subject to or exhibit regression [verb]:to tend to approach or revert to a mean transitive verb:to induce a state of psychological regression in
注释：①revert：v.恢复，回复到；（思路、话题）回到…上，重新考虑 ②restore：v.使回复、恢复至原状；修复、修补至原状

重新开始，（停顿后）继续进行	resume	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to assume or take again :REOCCUPY [verb]:transitive verb:to return to or begin again after interruption [verb]:transitive verb:to take back to oneself [verb]:transitive verb:to pick up again [verb]:transitive verb:REITERATE, SUMMARIZE [verb]:intransitive verb:to begin again something interrupted [n.]: SUMMARY [n.]:CURRICULUM VITAE [n.]:a set of accomplishments
	continue	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to maintain without interruption a condition, course, or action [verb]:intransitive verb:to remain in existence :ENDURE [verb]:intransitive verb:to remain in a place or condition :STAY [verb]:intransitive verb:to resume an activity after interruption [verb]:transitive verb:a:KEEP UP, MAINTAIN b :to keep going or add to :PROLONG also :to resume after intermission [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to continue [verb]:transitive verb:to allow to remain in a place or condition :RETAIN [verb]:transitive verb:to postpone (a legal proceeding) by a continuance
注释：

复活	resurge	英文： [verb]: to undergo a resurgence
	resurrect	英文： [verb]:to raise from the dead [verb]:to bring to view, attention, or use again
	resuscitate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to revive from apparent death or from unconsciousness also :REVITALIZE [verb]:intransitive verb:COME TO, REVIVE
	revive	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to return to consciousness or life :become active or flourishing again [verb]:transitive verb:to restore to consciousness or life [verb]:transitive verb:to restore from a depressed, inactive, or unused state :bring back [verb]:transitive verb:to renew in the mind or memory
注释：①resurrect：v.使（人）复活；使（事物）复兴 ②resuscitate：v.使复活，使苏醒

使苏醒	resuscitate	英文： [verb]:同上
	revive	英文： [verb]:同上
	wake	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to be or remain awake b archaic :to remain awake on watch especially over a corpse c obsolete :to stay up late in revelry [verb]:intransitive verb:AWAKE― often used with up [verb]:transitive verb:to stand watch over (as a dead body) especially :to hold a wake over [verb]:transitive verb:a:to rouse from or as if from sleep :AWAKE ― often used with up b :STIR, EXCITE c :to arouse conscious interest in :ALERT ― usually used with to [n.]:the state of being awake [n.]:a (1):an annual English parish festival formerly held in commemoration of the church's patron saint (2) :VIGIL 1A b :the festivities orig. connected with the wake of an English parish church ― usually used in plural but singular or plural in construction c British :an annual holiday or vacation ― usually used in plural but singular or plural in construction [n.]:a watch held over the body of a dead person prior to burial and sometimes accompanied by festivity. the track left by a moving body (as a ship) in a fluid (as water) broadly :a track or path left [n.]:AFTERMATH 3
	arouse	英文： [verb]:同上
	awake	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to cease sleeping [verb]:intransitive verb:to become aroused or active again [verb]:intransitive verb:to become conscious or aware of something [verb]:transitive verb:to arouse from sleep or a sleeplike state [verb]:transitive verb:to make active :stir up [adj.]:fully conscious, alert, and aware :not asleep synonyms see AWARE
	rouse	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:archaic:to cause to break from cover [verb]:transitive verb:a:to stir up :EXCITE  b :to arouse from or as if from sleep or repose :AWAKEN [verb]:intransitive verb:to become aroused :AWAKEN [verb]:intransitive verb:to become stirred [n.]:an act or instance of rousing especially :an excited stir [n.]:obsolete:DRINK, TOAST [n.]:archaic:CAROUSAL
注释：①resuscitate：v.使复活，使苏醒 ②revive：v.使苏醒；再流行，使重新使用

使（事物）复兴	resurrect	英文： [verb]:同上
	revive	英文： [verb]:同上
	reconstruct	英文： [verb]:to construct again: as a :to establish or assemble again b :to subject (an organ or part) to surgery to re-form its structure or correct a defect c :to build up mentally :RECREATE
	restore	英文： [verb]:同上
	rebound	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to spring back on or as if on collision or impact with another body b :to recover from setback or frustration [verb]:intransitive verb:REECHO [verb]:intransitive verb:to gain possession of a rebound in basketball [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to rebound [n.]:a:the action of rebounding :RECOIL b :an upward leap or movement :RECOVERY [n.]:a:a basketball or hockey puck that rebounds b :the act or an instance of gaining possession of a basketball rebound [n.]:a reaction to setback, frustration, or crisis
注释：resurrect：v. 使（人）复活；使（事物）复兴

保留，保持；留住	retain	英文： [verb]:a:to keep in possession or use b :to keep in one's pay or service specifically :to employ by paying a retainer c :to keep in mind or memory :REMEMBER [verb]:to hold secure or intact synonyms see KEEP
	keep	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to take notice of by appropriate conduct :FULFILL: as a :to be faithful to b :to act fittingly in relation to c :to conform to in habits or conduct d :to stay in accord with (a beat) [verb]:transitive verb:PRESERVE, MAINTAIN: as a :to watch over and defend b (1) :to take care of :TEND (2) :SUPPORT (3) :to maintain in a good, fitting, or orderly condition ― usually used with up c :to continue to maintain d (1) :to cause to remain in a given place, situation, or condition (2) :to preserve (food) in an unspoiled condition e (1) :to have or maintain in an established position or relationship ― often used with on  (2) :to lodge or feed for pay f (1) :to maintain a record in (2) :to enter in a book g :to have customarily in stock for sale [verb]:transitive verb:a:to restrain from departure or removal :DETAIN b :HOLD BACK, RESTRAIN c :SAVE, RESERVE d :to refrain from revealing [verb]:transitive verb:a:to retain in one's possession or power b :to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing c :to have in control [verb]:transitive verb:to confine oneself to [verb]:transitive verb:a:to stay or continue in b :to stay or remain on or in usually against opposition :HOLD [verb]:transitive verb:CONDUCT, MANAGE [verb]:intransitive verb:chiefly British:LIVE, LODGE [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to maintain a course, direction, or progress b :to continue usually without interruption c :to persist in a practice [verb]:intransitive verb:STAY, REMAIN as a :to stay even ― usually used with up b :to remain in good condition c :to remain secret d :to call for no immediate action [verb]:intransitive verb:ABSTAIN, REFRAIN [verb]:intransitive verb:to be in session [verb]:intransitive verb:of a quarterback:to retain possession of a football especially after faking a handoff [n.]:a：archaic:CUSTODY, CHARGE b :MAINTENANCE [n.]:one that keeps or protects: as a :FORTRESS, CASTLE specifically :the strongest and securest part of a medieval castle b :one whose job is to keep or tend c :PRISON, JAIL [n.]:the means or provisions by which one is kept [n.]:KEEPER
	maintain	英文： [verb]:to keep in an existing state (as of repair, efficiency, or validity) :preserve from failure or decline [verb]:to sustain against opposition or danger :uphold and defend [verb]:to continue or persevere in :CARRY ON, KEEP UP [verb]:a:to support or provide for b :SUSTAIN [verb]:to affirm in or as if in argument :ASSERT
	preserve	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to keep safe from injury, harm, or destruction :PROTECT [verb]:transitive verb:a:to keep alive, intact, or free from decay b :MAINTAIN [verb]:transitive verb:a:to keep or save from decomposition b :to can, pickle, or similarly prepare for future use [verb]:transitive verb:to keep up and reserve for personal or special use [verb]:intransitive verb:to make preserves [verb]:intransitive verb:to raise and protect game for purposes of sport [verb]:intransitive verb:to be able to be preserved (as by canning) [n.]:fruit canned or made into jams or jellies or cooked whole or in large pieces in a syrup so as to keep its shape ― often used in plural [n.]an area restricted for the protection and preservation of natural resources (as animals or plants) [n.]something regarded as reserved for certain persons
	detain	英文： [verb]:to hold or keep in or as if in custody [verb]:obsolete:to keep back (as something due) :WITHHOLD [verb]:to restrain especially from proceeding synonyms see KEEP, DELAY
	withhold	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to hold back from action :CHECK [verb]:transitive verb:archaic:to keep in custody [verb]:transitive verb:to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing [verb]:transitive verb:to deduct (withholding tax) from income intransitive verb:FORBEAR, REFRAIN synonyms see KEEP
	reserve	英文： [verb]:a:to hold in reserve :keep back b :to set aside (part of the consecrated elements) at the Eucharist for future use c :to retain or hold over to a future time or place :DEFER d :to make legal reservation of [verb]:to set or have set aside or apart synonyms see KEEP [n.]:something reserved or set aside for a particular purpose, use, or reason: as a (1) :a military force withheld from action for later decisive use ― usually used in plural (2) :forces not in the field but available (3) :the military forces of a country not part of the regular services also :RESERVIST b :a tract (as of public land) set apart :RESERVATION [n.]:something stored or kept available for future use or need :STOCK [n.]:an act of reserving :QUALIFICATION [n.]:a:restraint, closeness, or caution in one's words and actions b :forbearance from making a full explanation, complete disclosure, or free expression of one's mind [n.]:archaic:SECRET [n.]:a:money or its equivalent kept in hand or set apart usually to meet liabilities b :the liquid resources of a nation for meeting international payments [n.]:SUBSTITUTE [n.]:RESERVE PRICE [n.]:a wine made from select grapes, bottled on the maker's premises, and aged differently from the maker's other wines of the same vintage
注释：同义词辨析：KEEP, RETAIN, DETAIN, WITHHOLD, RESERVE mean to hold in one's possession or under one's control. KEEP may suggest a holding securely in one's possession, custody, or control. RETAIN implies continued keeping, especially against threatened seizure or forced loss. DETAIN suggests a delay in letting go. WITHHOLD implies restraint in letting go or a refusal to let go. RESERVE suggests a keeping in store for future use .

报复，反击	retaliate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to repay (as an injury) in kind [verb]:intransitive verb:to return like for like especially :to get revenge synonyms see RECIPROCATE
	revenge	英文： [verb]:to avenge (as oneself) usually by retaliating in kind or degree [verb]:to inflict injury in return for [n.]: a desire for revenge [n.]:an act or instance of retaliating in order to get even [n.]:an opportunity for getting satisfaction
	avenge	英文： [verb]:to take vengeance for or on behalf of [verb]:to exact satisfaction for (a wrong) by punishing the wrongdoer
	retort	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to pay or hurl back :RETURN [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make a reply to b :to say in reply [verb]:transitive verb:to answer (as an argument) by a counter argument [verb]:intransitive verb:to answer back usually sharply [verb]:intransitive verb:to return an argument or charge [verb]:intransitive verb:RETALIATE [n.]:a quick, witty, or cutting reply especially :one that turns back or counters the first speaker's words synonyms see ANSWER [n.]:a vessel or chamber in which substances are distilled or decomposed by heat [verb]:to treat (as oil shale) by heating in a retort
注释：①retaliate：v.报复，反击 ②revenge：n.&v.报复，复仇

妨碍	retard	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to slow up especially by preventing or hindering advance or accomplishment :IMPEDE [verb]:transitive verb:to delay academic progress by failure to promote [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo retardation synonyms see DELAY [n.]:a holding back or slowing down :RETARDATION [n.]:often offensive :a retarded person also :a person held to resemble a retarded person in behavior
	hinder	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make slow or difficult the progress of :HAMPER [verb]:transitive verb:to hold back :CHECK [verb]:intransitive verb:to delay, impede, or prevent action [adj.]:situated behind or in the rear :POSTERIOR
	impede	英文： [verb]:to interfere with or slow the progress of synonyms see HINDER
	obstruct	英文： [verb]: to block or close up by an obstacle [verb]: to hinder from passage, action, or operation :IMPEDE [verb]: to cut off from sight synonyms see HINDER
	handicap	英文： [n.]:a:a race or contest in which an artificial advantage is given or disadvantage imposed on a contestant to equalize chances of winning b :an advantage given or disadvantage imposed usually in the form of points, strokes, weight to be carried, or distance from the target or goal [n.]:a:a disadvantage that makes achievement unusually difficult b sometimes offensive :a physical disability [verb]:a:to give a handicap to b :to assess the relative winning chances of (contestants) or the likely winner of (a contest) [verb]:to put at a disadvantage
	trammel	英文： [n.]:a net for catching birds or fish especially :one having three layers with the middle one finer-meshed and slack so that fish passing through carry some of the center net through the coarser opposite net and are trapped [n.]:an adjustable pothook for a fireplace crane [n.]:a shackle used for making a horse amble [n.]:something impeding activity, progress, or freedom :RESTRAINT ― usually used in plural [n.]:a:an instrument for drawing ellipses b :a compass for drawing large circles that consists of a beam with two sliding parts ― usually used in plural c :any of various gauges used for aligning or adjusting machine parts [verb]:a:to give a handicap to b :to assess the relative winning chances of (contestants) or the likely winner of (a contest) [verb]:to put at a disadvantage
	block	英文： [n.]:a compact usually solid piece of substantial material especially when worked or altered to serve a particular purpose: as a :the piece of wood on which the neck of a person condemned to be beheaded is laid for execution b :a mold or form on which articles are shaped or displayed c :a hollow rectangular building unit usually of artificial material d :a lightweight usually cubical and solid wooden or plastic building toy that is usually provided in sets e :the casting that contains the cylinders of an internal combustion engine f :STARTING BLOCK [n.]:a:OBSTACLEb:an obstruction of an opponent's play in sports especially :a halting or impeding of the progress or movement of an opponent in football by use of the body c (1) :interruption of normal physiological function (as of a tissue or organ) especially :HEART BLOCK (2) :local anesthesia (as by injection) produced by interruption of the flow of impulses along a nerve d :interruption or cessation especially of train of thought by competing thoughts or psychological suppression ― compare WRITER'S BLOCK [n.]:slang:HEAD [n.]:a wooden or metal case enclosing one or more pulleys and having a hook, eye, or strap by which it may be attached [n.]:a piece of material (as wood or linoleum) having on its surface a hand-cut design from which impressions are to be printed [n.]:a (1):a usually rectangular space (as in a city) enclosed by streets and occupied by or intended for buildings (2) :the distance along one of the sides of such a block b (1) :a large building divided into separate functional units (2) :a line of row houses (3) :a distinctive part of a building or integrated group of buildings [n.]:a platform from which property is sold at auction [n.]:a:a quantity, number, or section of things dealt with as a unit b :BLOC [verb]:a:to make unsuitable for passage or progress by obstruction b archaic :BLOCKADE c :to hinder the passage, progress, or accomplishment of by or as if by interposing an obstruction d :to shut off from view e :to interfere usually legitimately with (as an opponent) in various games or sports f :to prevent normal functioning or action of g :to restrict the exchange of (as currency or checks) [verb]:to mark or indicate the outline or chief lines of [verb]:to shape on, with, or as if with a block [verb]:to secure, support, or provide with a block [verb]:to work out or chart the movements of (as stage performers) ― often used with out [verb]:to make (two or more lines of writing or type) flush at the left or at both left and right intransitive verb:to block an opponent in sports synonyms see HINDER
注释：①retard：v.妨碍；减速 ②同义词辨析：HINDER, IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT, BLOCK mean to interfere with the activity or progress of. HINDER stresses causing harmful or annoying delay or interference with progress. IMPEDE implies making forward progress difficult by clogging, hampering, or fettering. OBSTRUCT implies interfering with something in motion or in progress by the sometimes intentional placing of obstacles in the way. BLOCK implies complete obstruction to passage or progress.

减速	retard	英文： [verb]:同上
	decelerate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to reduce the speed of :slow down [verb]:transitive verb:to decrease the rate of progress of [verb]:intransitive verb:to move at decreasing speed
注释：

作呕，恶心	retch	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:VOMIT [verb]:intransitive verb:to make an effort to vomit also :VOMIT
	hate	英文： [n.]:a:intense hostility and aversion usually deriving from fear, anger, or sense of injury b :extreme dislike or antipathy :LOATHING [n.]:an object of hatred [verb]:transitive verb:to feel extreme enmity toward [verb]:transitive verb:to have a strong aversion to :find very distasteful [verb]:intransitive verb:to express or feel extreme enmity or active hostility
	loathe	英文： [verb]:to dislike greatly and often with disgust or intolerance :DETEST synonyms see HATE
	vomit	英文： [n.]: an act or instance of disgorging the contents of the stomach through the mouth also :the disgorged matter [n.]:EMETIC [verb]: intransitive verb:to disgorge the stomach contents [verb]: intransitive verb:to spew forth :BELCH, GUSH [verb]:transitive verb:to disgorge (the contents of the stomach) through the mouth [verb]:transitive verb:to eject violently or abundantly :SPEW [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to vomit
	spew	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:VOMIT [verb]:intransitive verb:to come forth in a flood or gush [verb]:intransitive verb:to ooze out as if under pressure :EXUDE [verb]:transitive verb:VOMIT [verb]:transitive verb:to send or cast forth with vigor or violence or in great quantity ― often used with out [n.]:matter that is vomited :VOMIT [n.]:material that exudes or is extruded
注释：

撤退，后退	retire	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to withdraw from action or danger :RETREAT [verb]:intransitive verb:to withdraw especially for privacy [verb]:intransitive verb:to move back :RECEDE [verb]:intransitive verb:to withdraw from one's position or occupation :conclude one's working or professional career [verb]:intransitive verb:to go to bed [verb]:transitive verb:WITHDRAW: as a :to march (a military force) away from the enemy b :to withdraw from circulation or from the market :RECALL c :to withdraw from usual use or service [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to retire from one's position or occupation [verb]:transitive verb:a:to put out (a batter or batsman) in baseball or cricket b :to cause (a side) to end a turn at bat in baseball [verb]:transitive verb:to win permanent possession of (as a trophy) [verb]:transitive verb:to pay in full :SETTLE
	recede	英文： [verb]:a:to move back or away :WITHDRAW b :to slant backward [verb]:to grow less or smaller :DIMINISH, DECREASE
	relinquish	英文： [verb]:同上
	retreat	英文： [n.]:a (1):an act or process of withdrawing especially from what is difficult, dangerous, or disagreeable (2) :the process of receding from a position or state attained b (1) :the usually forced withdrawal of troops from an enemy or from an advanced position (2) :a signal for retreating c (1) :a signal given by bugle at the beginning of a military flag-lowering ceremony (2) :a military flag-lowering ceremony [n.]:a place of privacy or safety :REFUGE [n.]:a period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, study, or instruction under a director [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a retreat :WITHDRAW [verb]: intransitive verb:to slope backward [verb]: transitive verb:to draw or lead back :REMOVE specifically :to move (a piece) back in chess synonyms see RECEDE
	withdraw	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to take back or away :REMOVE b :to remove from use or cultivation c :to remove (money) from a place of deposit d :to turn away (as the eyes) from an object of attention e :to draw (as a curtain) back or aside [verb]:transitive verb:a:to remove from consideration or set outside a group b (1) :TAKE BACK, RETRACT (2) :to recall or remove (a motion) under parliamentary procedure [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to move back or away :RETIRE b :to draw back from a battlefield :RETREAT [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to remove oneself from participation b :to become socially or emotionally detached [verb]:intransitive verb:to recall a motion under parliamentary procedure
	retract	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to draw back or in [verb]:transitive verb:a:TAKE BACK, WITHDRAW b :DISAVOW [verb]:intransitive verb:to draw or pull back verb]:intransitive verb:to recant or disavow something synonyms see ABJURE, RECEDE
注释：①retire：v.撤退，后退；退休，退役 ②同义词辨析：RECEDE, RETREAT, RETRACT, BACK mean to move backward. RECEDE implies a gradual withdrawing from a forward or high fixed point in time or space. RETREAT implies withdrawal from a point or position reached. RETRACT implies drawing back from an extended position. BACK is used with up, down, out, or off to refer to any retrograde motion.

退休，退役	retire	英文： [verb]:同上
	abdicate	英文： [verb]:同上
	quit	英文： [verb]:同上
	resign	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

反驳	retort	英文： [verb]:同上
	return	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to go back or come back again b :to go back in thought, practice, or condition :REVERT [verb]:intransitive verb:to pass back to an earlier possessor [verb]:intransitive verb:REPLY, RETORT [verb]:transitive verb:a:to give (as an official account) to a superior b British :to elect (a candidate) as attested by official report or returns c :to bring back (as a writ or verdict) to an office or tribunal [verb]:transitive verb:a:to bring, send, or put back to a former or proper place b :to restore to a former or to a normal state [verb]:transitive verb:a:to send back :VISIT ― usually used with on or upon b obsolete :RETORT [verb]:transitive verb:to bring in (as profit) :YIELD [verb]:transitive verb:a:to give or perform in return :REPAY also :to respond to in kind  b :to give back to the owner c :REFLECT [verb]:transitive verb:to cause (as a wall) to continue in a different direction (as at a right angle) [verb]:transitive verb:to lead (a specified suit or specified card of a suit) in response to a partner's earlier lead [verb]:transitive verb:a:to hit back (a ball or shuttlecock) b :to run with (a football) after a change of possession (as by a punt or a fumble) synonyms see RECIPROCATE [n.]:a:the act of coming back to or from a place or condition b :a regular or frequent returning :RECURRENCE [n.]:a (1):the delivery of a legal order (as a writ) to the proper officer or court (2) :an endorsed certificate stating an official's action in the execution of such an order (3) :the sending back of a commission with the certificate of the commissioners b :an account or formal report c (1) :a report of the results of balloting ― usually used in plural (2) :an official declaration of the election of a candidate (3) chiefly British :ELECTION d (1) :a formal statement on a required legal form showing taxable income, allowable deductions and exemptions, and the computation of the tax due (2) :a list of taxable property [n.]:a:the continuation usually at a right angle of the face or of a member of a building or of a molding or group of moldings b :a means for conveying something (as water) back to its starting point [n.]:a:a quantity of goods, consignment, or cargo coming back in exchange for goods sent out as a mercantile venture b :the value of or profit from such venture c (1) :the profit from labor, investment, or business :YIELD (2) plural :RESULTS d :the rate of profit in a process of production per unit of cost [n.]:a:the act of returning something to a former place, condition, or ownership :RESTITUTION b :something returned especially plural :unsold publications returned to the publisher for cash or credit [n.]:a:something given in repayment or reciprocation b :ANSWER, RETORT [n.]:an answering play: as a :a lead in a suit previously led by one's partner in a card game b :the action or an instance of returning a ball (as in football or tennis) [n.]:chiefly British:ROUND-TRIP [adj.]:a:having or formed by a change of direction b :doubled on itself [adj.]:a:played, delivered, or given in return b :taking place for the second time [adj.]:used or taken on returning [adj.]:returning or permitting return [adj.]:of, relating to, or causing a return to a place or condition
	retaliate	英文： [verb]:同上
	refute	英文： [verb]:to prove wrong by argument or evidence :show to be false or erroneous [verb]:to deny the truth or accuracy of
	disprove	英文： [verb]: to prove to be false or wrong :REFUTE
注释：return：v.回复；归还；回答，反驳 n.回报 adj.返回的，重现的

（照片、画）修描，润色	retouch	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to rework in order to improve :TOUCH UP [verb]:transitive verb:to alter (as a photographic negative) to produce a more desirable appearance [verb]:transitive verb:to color (new growth of hair) to match previously dyed, tinted, or bleached hair [verb]:intransitive verb:to make or give retouches [n.]:the act or process or an instance of retouching especially :the retouching of a new growth of hair
	polish	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make smooth and glossy usually by friction :BURNISH [verb]:transitive verb:to smooth, soften, or refine in manners or condition [verb]:transitive verb:to bring to a highly developed, finished, or refined state :PERFECT [verb]:intransitive verb:to become smooth or glossy by or as if by friction [n.]:a:a smooth glossy surface :LUSTER b :freedom from rudeness or coarseness :CULTURE c :a state of high development or refinement [n.]:the action or process of polishing [n.]:a preparation that is used to produce a gloss and often a color for the protection and decoration of a surface
注释：

回顾	retrace	英文： [verb]:To trace again or back
	retrospect	英文： [n.]:archaic:reference to or regard of a precedent or authority [n.]:a review of or meditation on past events [adj.]:RETROSPECTIVE [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in retrospection [verb]:intransitive verb:to refer back :REFLECT [verb]:transitive verb:to go back over in thought
注释：①retrace：v.回顾，追溯；原路折返 ②retrospect：n.回顾 v.回顾，回想

原路折返	retrace	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：retrace：v.回顾，追溯；原路折返

缩回，收回	retract	英文： [verb]:同上
	regain	英文： [verb]:To recover possession of; get back again See Synonyms at recover [verb]:To manage to reach again
	retake	英文： [verb]:To take back or again. [verb]:To recapture. [verb]:To photograph, film, or record again [n.]:A taking again. [n.]:The act or an instance of photographing, filming, or recording again
	countermand	英文： [verb]:同上
	withdraw	英文： [verb]:同上
	revoke	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

隐居处	retreat	英文： [verb]:同上
	retire	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：retreat：n./v.撤退；隐居处

节省，紧缩费用	retrench	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:CUT DOWN, REDUCE b :to cut out :EXCISE [verb]:transitive verb:to pare away :REMOVE [verb]:intransitive verb:to make retrenchments specifically :ECONOMIZE synonyms see SHORTEN
	economize	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to practice economy :be frugal [verb]:transitive verb:to use frugally :SAVE
	save	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

寻回，取回	retrieve	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to locate and bring in (killed or wounded game) [verb]:transitive verb:to call to mind again [verb]:transitive verb:to get back again :REGAIN [verb]:transitive verb:a:RESCUE, SALVAGE b :to return (as a ball or shuttlecock that is difficult to reach) successfully [verb]:transitive verb:RESTORE, REVIVE [verb]:transitive verb:to remedy the evil consequences of :CORRECT [verb]:transitive verb:to get and bring back especially :to recover (as information) from storage [verb]:intransitive verb:to bring in game also :to bring back an object thrown by a person [n.]: RETRIEVAL [n.]:the successful return of a ball that is difficult to reach or control (as in tennis)
	recall	英文： [verb]:同上
	regain	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：retrieve：v.寻回，取回；挽回（错误）

挽回（错误）	retrieve	英文： [verb]:同上
	redeem	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

回复	return	英文： [verb]:同上
	revert	英文： [verb]:同上
	reply	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to respond in words or writing b :ECHO, RESOUND c :to make a legal replication [verb]:intransitive verb:to do something in response specifically :to return gunfire or an attack [verb]:transitive verb:to give as an answer [n.]:something said, written, or done in answer or response [n.]:REPLICATION synonyms see ANSWER
注释：return：v.回复；归还；回答，反驳 n.回报 adj.返回的，重现的

归还	return	英文： [verb]:同上
	reimburse	英文： [verb]:to pay back to someone :REPAY [verb]:to make restoration or payment of an equivalent to Synonyms see PAY
	recoup	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to get an equivalent for (as losses) :make up for b :REIMBURSE, COMPENSATE [verb]:transitive verb:REGAIN [verb]:intransitive verb:to make good or make up for something lost also :RECUPERATE
	recede	英文： [verb]:同上
	restore	英文： [verb]:同上
	revert	英文： [verb]:同上
	retrocede	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to go back :RECEDE [verb]:transitive verb:to cede back (as a territory)
	remand	英文： [verb]:to order back: as a :to send back (a case) to another court or agency for further action b :to return to custody pending trial or for further detention
	restitute	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to restore to a former state or position [verb]:transitive verb:GIVE BACKespecially:REFUND [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo restitution
	escheat	英文： [n.]:escheated property [n.]:a:the reversion of lands in English feudal law to the lord of the fee when there are no heirs capable of inheriting under the original grant b :the reversion of property to the crown in England or to the state in the U.S. when there are no legal heirs [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to revert by escheat [verb]:intransitive verb:to revert by escheat
注释：return：v.回复；归还；回答，反驳 n.回报 adj.返回的，重现的

启示，揭露	reveal	英文： [verb]:to make known through divine inspiration [verb]:to make (something secret or hidden) publicly or generally known <reveal a secret> [verb]:to open up to view :DISPLAY [n.]:the side of an opening (as for a window) between a frame and the outer surface of a wall also :JAMB
	bare	英文： [adj.]:a:lacking a natural, usual, or appropriate covering b (1) :lacking clothing(2) obsolete :BAREHEADED c :lacking any tool or weapon [adj.]:open to view :EXPOSED [adj.]:a:unfurnished or scantily supplied b :DESTITUTE [adj.]:a:having nothing left over or added b :MERE c :devoid of amplification or adornment [adj.]:obsolete:WORTHLESS [verb]: to make or lay bare :UNCOVER [adj.]:archaic past ofbear
	disclose	英文： [verb]:obsolete:to open up [verb]:a:to expose to view b archaic :HATCH c :to make known or public synonyms see REVEAL [n.]:obsolete:DISCLOSURE
	divulge	英文： [verb]:archaic:to make public :PROCLAIM [verb]:to make known (as a confidence or secret) synonyms see REVEAL
	expose	英文： [verb]:a:to deprive of shelter, protection, or care :subject to risk from a harmful action or condition b :to submit or make accessible to a particular action or influence. especially :to subject (a sensitive photographic film, plate, or paper) to radiant energy c :to abandon (an infant) especially by leaving in the open [verb]a:to make known :bring to light (as something shameful) b :to disclose the faults or crimes of [verb]to cause to be visible or open to view :DISPLAY: as a :to offer publicly for sale b :to exhibit for public veneration c :to reveal the face of (a playing card) or the cards of (a player's hand) d :to engage in indecent exposure of (oneself) synonyms see SHOW [n.]: a formal statement of facts [n.]:an exposure of something discreditable
注释：①reveal：v.启示，揭露；显示 ②同义词辨析：REVEAL, DISCLOSE, DIVULGE, TELL, BETRAY mean to make known what has been or should be concealed. REVEAL may apply to supernatural or inspired revelation of truths beyond the range of ordinary human vision or reason. DISCLOSE may imply a discovering but more often an imparting of information previously kept secret. DIVULGE implies a disclosure involving some impropriety or breach of confidence. TELL implies an imparting of necessary or useful information. BETRAY implies a divulging that represents a breach of faith or an involuntary or unconscious disclosure.

显示	reveal	英文： [verb]:同上
	demonstrate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to show clearly [verb]:transitive verb:a:to prove or make clear by reasoning or evidence b :to illustrate and explain especially with many examples [verb]:transitive verb:to show or prove the value or efficiency of to a prospective buyer [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a demonstration synonyms see SHOW
	display	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to put or spread before the view b :to make evident c :to exhibit ostentatiously [verb]:transitive verb:obsolete:DESCRY [verb]:intransitive verb:obsolete:SHOW OFF [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a breeding display synonyms see SHOW [n.]:a (1):a setting or presentation of something in open view (2) :a clear sign or evidence :EXHIBITION b :ostentatious show c :type, composition, or printing designed to catch the eye d :an eye-catching arrangement by which something is exhibited― often used with on e :an electronic device (as a cathode-ray tube) that presents information in visual form also :the visual information [n.]:a pattern of behavior exhibited especially by male birds in the breeding season
	manifest	英文： [adj.]:readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sight [adj.]:easily understood or recognized by the mind :OBVIOUS synonyms see EVIDENT [verb]:to make evident or certain by showing or displaying synonyms see SHOW [n.]:MANIFESTATION, INDICATION [n.]:MANIFESTO [n.]:a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle (as a ship or plane)
	show	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to cause or permit to be seen :EXHIBIT [verb]:transitive verb:to offer for sale [verb]:transitive verb:to present as a public spectacle :PERFORM [verb]:transitive verb:to reveal by one's condition, nature, or behavior [verb]:transitive verb:to give indication or record of [verb]:transitive verb:a:to point out :direct attention to b :CONDUCT, USHER [verb]:transitive verb:ACCORD, BESTOW [verb]:transitive verb:a:to set forth :DECLARE b :ALLEGE, PLEAD ― used especially in law [verb]:transitive verb:a:to demonstrate or establish by argument or reasoning b :INFORM, INSTRUCT [verb]:transitive verb::to present (an animal) for judging in a show [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to be or come in view  b :to put in an appearance [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to appear in a particular way b :SEEM, APPEAR [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to give a theatrical performance b :to be staged or presented [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to appear as a contestant b :to present an animal in a show [verb]:intransitive verb:to finish third or at least third (as in a horse race) [verb]:intransitive verb:to exhibit one's artistic work [n.]:a demonstrative display [n.]:a archaic:outward appearance b :a false semblance :PRETENSE c :a more or less true appearance of something :SIGN d :an impressive display e :OSTENTATION [n.]:CHANCE [n.]:something exhibited especially for wonder or ridicule :SPECTACLE [n.]:a:a large display or exhibition arranged to arouse interest or stimulate sales b :a competitive exhibition of animals (as dogs) to demonstrate quality in breeding [n.]:a:a theatrical presentation b :a radio or television program c :ENTERTAINMENT [n.]:ENTERPRISE, AFFAIR [n.]:third place at the finish (as of a horse race) [n.]:often capitalized:the major leagues in baseball ― used with the
	illustrate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:obsolete a:ENLIGHTENb:to light up [verb]:transitive verb:a archaic:to make illustrious b obsolete (1) :to make bright (2) :ADORN [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make clear :CLARIFY b :to make clear by giving or by serving as an example or instance c :to provide with visual features intended to explain or decorate [verb]:transitive verb:to show clearly :DEMONSTRATE [verb]:intransitive verb:to give an example or instance
注释：①同义词辨析：SHOW, EXHIBIT, DISPLAY, EXPOSE, PARADE, FLAUNT mean to present so as to invite notice or attention. SHOW implies no more than enabling another to see or examine . EXHIBIT stresses putting forward prominently or openly. DISPLAY emphasizes putting in a position where others may see to advantage . EXPOSE suggests bringing forth from concealment and displaying. PARADE implies an ostentatious or arrogant displaying. FLAUNT suggests a shameless, boastful, often offensive parading. ②同义词辨析：SHOW, MANIFEST, EVIDENCE, EVINCE, DEMONSTRATE mean to reveal outwardly or make apparent. SHOW is the general term but sometimes implies that what is revealed must be gained by inference from acts, looks, or words. MANIFEST implies a plainer, more immediate revelation. EVIDENCE suggests serving as proof of the actuality or existence of something. EVINCE implies a showing by outward marks or signs. DEMONSTRATE implies showing by action or by display of feeling .

报复，复仇	revenge	英文： [verb]:同上
	avenge	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：revenge：n.&v.报复，复仇

起回声，回响	reverberate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:REFLECT [verb]:transitive verb:REPEL [verb]:transitive verb:ECHO [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to become driven back b :to become reflected [verb]:intransitive verb:to continue in or as if in a series of echoes :RESOUND [adj.]:REVERBERANT
	echo	英文： [n.]:a:the repetition of a sound caused by reflection of sound waves b :the sound due to such reflection [n.]:a:a repetition or imitation of another :REFLECTION b :REPERCUSSION, RESULT c :TRACE, VESTIGE d :RESPONSE [n.]:one who closely imitates or repeats another's words, ideas, or acts [n.]:a soft repetition of a musical phrase [n.]:a:the repetition of a received radio signal due especially to reflection of part of the wave from an ionized layer of the atmosphere b (1) :the reflection of transmitted radar signals by an object (2) :the visual indication of this reflection on a radarscope [verb]:intransitive verb:to resound with echoes [verb]:intransitive verb:to produce an echo [verb]:transitive verb:a:REPEAT, IMITATE  b :to restate in support or agreement c :to be reminiscent of :EVOKE [verb]:transitive verb:to send back (a sound) by the reflection of sound waves
	resound	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to become filled with sound :REVERBERATE [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to sound loudly b :to produce a sonorous or echoing sound [verb]:intransitive verb:to become renowned [verb]:transitive verb:to extol loudly or widely :CELEBRATE [verb]:transitive verb:ECHO, REVERBERATE [verb]:transitive verb:to sound or utter in full resonant tones
注释：

倒车	reverse	英文： [adj.]:a:opposite or contrary to a previous or normal condition b (1) :having the back presented to the observer or opponent (2) :made with one's back to the basketball net [adj.]:coming from the rear of a military force [adj.]:acting, operating, or arranged in a manner contrary to the usual [adj.]:effecting reverse movement [adj.]:so made that the part which normally prints in color appears white against a colored background [verb]:transitive verb:a:to turn completely about in position or direction b :to turn upside down :INVERT c :to cause to take an opposite point of view [verb]:transitive verb:NEGATE, UNDO: as a :to overthrow, set aside, or make void (a legal decision) by a contrary decision b :to change to the contrary c :to undo or negate the effect of (as a condition or surgical operation) [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to go in the opposite direction especially :to cause (as an engine) to perform its action in the opposite direction [verb]:intransitive verb:to turn or move in the opposite direction [verb]:intransitive verb:to put a mechanism (as an engine) in reverse [n.]:something directly contrary to something else :OPPOSITE [n.]:an act or instance of reversing especially :DEFEAT, SETBACK [n.]:the back part of something especially :the side of a coin or currency note that is opposite the obverse [n.]:a (1):a gear that reverses something also :the whole mechanism brought into play when such a gear is used (2) :movement in reverse b :an offensive play in football in which a back moving in one direction gives the ball to a player moving in the opposite direction
	regress	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：reverse：n.反面；相反 v.倒车；反转

反转	reverse	英文： [verb]:同上
	transpose	英文： [verb]:to change in form or nature :TRANSFORM [verb]:to render into another language, style, or manner of expression :TRANSLATE [verb]:to transfer from one place or period to another :SHIFT [verb]:to change the relative place or normal order of :alter the sequence of [verb]:to write or perform (a musical composition) in a different key [verb]:to bring (a term) from one side of an algebraic equation to the other with change of sign synonyms see REVERSE [n.]:a matrix formed from another matrix by interchanging the rows and columns
	invert	英文： [verb]:a:to reverse in position, order, or relationship b :to subject to inversion [verb]:a:to turn inside out or upside down b :to turn inward [verb]:to find the mathematical reciprocal of synonyms see REVERSE [n.]:one characterized by inversion especially :HOMOSEXUAL
注释：①reverse：n.反面；相反 v.倒车；反转 ②同义词辨析：REVERSE, TRANSPOSE, INVERT mean to change to the opposite position. REVERSE is the most general term and may imply change in order, side, direction, meaning. TRANSPOSE implies a change in order or relative position of units often through exchange of position. INVERT applies chiefly to turning upside down or inside out.

（思路、话题）回到…上，重新考虑	revert	英文： [verb]:同上
	return	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：revert：v.恢复，回复到；（思路、话题）回到…上，重新考虑

辱骂，恶言相向	revile	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to subject to verbal abuse :VITUPERATE [verb]:intransitive verb:to use abusive language :RAIL synonyms see SCOLD
	abuse	英文： [n.]:a corrupt practice or custom [n.]:improper or excessive use or treatment :MISUSE [n.]:obsolete:a deceitful act :DECEPTION [n.]:language that condemns or vilifies usually unjustly, intemperately, and angrily [n.]:physical maltreatment [verb]:a:to put to a wrong or improper use b :to use excessively also :to use without medical justification [verb]:obsolete:DECEIVE [verb]:to use so as to injure or damage :MALTREAT [verb]:to attack in words :REVILE
	insult	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:archaic:to behave with pride or arrogance :VAUNT [verb]:transitive verb:to treat with insolence, indignity, or contempt :AFFRONT also :to affect offensively or damagingly Synonyms see OFFEND [n.]:a gross indignity [n.]:injury to the body or one of its parts also :something that causes or has a potential for causing such insult
	vituperate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to abuse or censure severely or abusively :BERATE [verb]:intransitive verb:to use harsh condemnatory language synonyms see SCOLD
	rail	英文： [n.]:a:a bar extending from one post or support to another and serving as a guard or barrier b :a structural member or support [n.]:a:RAILING 1b:a light structure serving as a guard at the outer edge of a ship's deck c :a fence bounding a racetrack [n.]:a:a bar of rolled steel forming a track for wheeled vehicles b :TRACK c :RAILROAD [verb]:to provide with a railing :FENCE [n.]:any of numerous wading birds (family Rallidae, the rail family) that are of small or medium size and have short rounded wings, a short tail, and usually very long toes which enable them to run on the soft mud of marshes [verb]:to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language synonyms see SCOLD
	scold	英文： [n.]:a:one who scolds habitually or persistently b :a woman who disturbs the public peace by noisy and quarrelsome or abusive behavior [n.]:SCOLDING [verb]:intransitive verb:obsolete:to quarrel noisily [verb]:intransitive verb:to find fault noisily or angrily [verb]:transitive verb:to censure severely or angrily :REBUKE
	upbraid	英文： [verb]:to criticize severely :find fault with 2:to reproach severely :scold vehemently synonyms see SCOLD
	berate	英文： [verb]:to scold or condemn vehemently and at length synonyms see SCOLD
注释：同义词辨析：SCOLD, UPBRAID, BERATE, RAIL, REVILE, VITUPERATE mean to reproach angrily and abusively. SCOLD implies rebuking in irritation or ill temper justly or unjustly. UPBRAID implies censuring on definite and usually justifiable grounds. BERATE suggests prolonged and often abusive scolding. RAIL (at or against) stresses an unrestrained berating. REVILE implies a scurrilous, abusive attack prompted by anger or hatred. VITUPERATE suggests a violent reviling.

改变	revise	英文： [n.]:an act of revising :REVISION [n.]:a printing proof that incorporates changes marked in a previous proof [verb]:transitive verb:a:to look over again in order to correct or improve b British :to study again :REVIEW [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make a new, amended, improved, or up-to-date version of b :to provide with a new taxonomic arrangement [verb]:intransitive verb:British:REVIEW synonyms see CORRECT
	alter	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make different without changing into something else [verb]:transitive verb:CASTRATE, SPAY [verb]:intransitive verb:to become different synonyms see CHANGE
	change	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make different in some particular :ALTER b :to make radically different :TRANSFORM c :to give a different position, course, or direction to [verb]:transitive verb:a:to replace with another  b :to make a shift from one to another :SWITCH c :to exchange for an equivalent sum of money (as in smaller denominations or in a foreign currency) d :to undergo a modification of e :to put fresh clothes or covering on [verb]:intransitive verb:to become different [verb]:intransitive verb:of the moon:to pass from one phase to another [verb]:intransitive verb:to shift one's means of conveyance :TRANSFER [verb]:intransitive verb:of the voice:to shift to lower register :BREAK [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo transformation, transition, or substitution [verb]:intransitive verb:to put on different clothes [verb]:intransitive verb:EXCHANGE, SWITCH [n.]:the act, process, or result of changing: as a :ALTERATION b :TRANSFORMATION c :SUBSTITUTION d :the passage of the moon from one monthly revolution to another also :the passage of the moon from one phase to another e :MENOPAUSE [n.]:a fresh set of clothes [n.]:British:EXCHANGE 5A [n.]:a:money in small denominations received in exchange for an equivalent sum in larger denominations b :money returned when a payment exceeds the amount due c :coins especially of low denominations d :a negligible additional amount e :MONEY [n.]:an order in which a set of bells is struck in change ringing [n.]:CHANGEUP
	transform	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to change in composition or structure b :to change the outward form or appearance of c :to change in character or condition :CONVERT [verb]:transitive verb:to subject to mathematical transformation [verb]:transitive verb:to cause (a cell) to undergo genetic transformation [verb]:intransitive verb:to become transformed :CHANGE [n.]:a mathematical element obtained from another by transformation [n.]TRANSFORMATION 3A(1) (2) [n.]a linguistic structure (as a sentence) produced by means of a transformation
	vary	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make a partial change in :make different in some attribute or characteristic b :to make differences between items in :DIVERSIFY [verb]:transitive verb:to present under new aspects [verb]:intransitive verb:to exhibit or undergo change [verb]:intransitive verb:DEVIATE, DEPART [verb]:intransitive verb:to take on successive values [verb]:intransitive verb:to exhibit divergence in structural or physiological characters from the typical form synonyms see CHANGE
	modify	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make less extreme :MODERATE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to limit or restrict the meaning of especially in a grammatical construction b :to change (a vowel) by umlaut [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make minor changes in b :to make basic or fundamental changes in often to give a new orientation to or to serve a new end [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo change synonyms see CHANGE
注释：①revise：n./v.改变，修正 ②同义词辨析：CHANGE, ALTER, VARY, MODIFY mean to make or become different. CHANGE implies making either an essential difference often amounting to a loss of original identity or a substitution of one thing for another. ALTER implies a difference in some particular respect without suggesting loss of identity. VARY stresses a breaking away from sameness, duplication, or exact repetition. MODIFY suggests a difference that limits, restricts, or adapts to a new purpose.

修正	revise	英文： [verb]:同上
	amend	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to put right especially :to make emendations in (as a text) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to change or modify for the better :IMPROVE b :to alter especially in phraseology especially :to alter formally by modification, deletion, or addition [verb]:intransitive verb:to reform oneself synonyms see CORRECT
	correct	英文： [verb]:a:to make or set right :AMEND  b :COUNTERACT, NEUTRALIZE c :to alter or adjust so as to bring to some standard or required condition [verb]:a:to punish (as a child) with a view to reforming or improving b :to point out usually for amendment the errors or faults of [adj.]:conforming to an approved or conventional standard [adj.]:conforming to or agreeing with fact, logic, or known truth [adj.]:conforming to a set figure [adj.]:conforming to the strict requirements of a specific ideology or set of beliefs or values
注释：①revise：n./v.改变，修正 ②同义词辨析：CORRECT, RECTIFY, EMEND, REMEDY, REDRESS, AMEND, REFORM, REVISE mean to make right what is wrong. CORRECT implies taking action to remove errors, faults, deviations, defects. RECTIFY implies a more essential changing to make something right, just, or properly controlled or directed. EMEND specif. implies correction of a text or manuscript. REMEDY implies removing or making harmless a cause of trouble, harm, or evil. REDRESS implies making compensation or reparation for an unfairness, injustice, or imbalance. AMEND, REFORM, REVISE imply an improving by making corrective changes, AMEND usually suggesting slight changes, REFORM implying drastic change, and REVISE suggesting a careful examination of something and the making of necessary changes. synonym see in addition PUNISH

使重新充满活力，使新生，使再兴	revitalize	英文： [verb]:to give new life or vigor to
注释：

再流行，使重新使用	revive	英文： [verb]:同上
	reactivate	英文： [verb]:To make active again. [verb]:To restore the ability to function or the effectiveness of.
	resurrect	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：revive：v.使苏醒；再流行，使重新使用

召回	revoke	英文： [verb]:同上
	recall	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：revoke：v.撤销，废除；召回

叛乱，造反	revolt	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to renounce allegiance or subjection (as to a government) :REBEL [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to experience disgust or shock b :to turn away with disgust [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to turn away or shrink with disgust or abhorrence [n.]:a renouncing of allegiance (as to a government or party) especially :a determined armed uprising [n.]:a movement or expression of vigorous dissent synonyms see REBELLION
	mutiny	英文： [n.]:Open rebellion against constituted authority, especially rebellion of sailors against superior officers.See Synonyms at rebellion [verb]:To engage in mutiny.
	rebel	英文： [adj.]:a:opposing or taking arms against a government or ruler b :of or relating to rebels [adj.]:DISOBEDIENT, REBELLIOUS [n.]:one who rebels or participates in a rebellion [verb]: a:to oppose or disobey one in authority or control b :to renounce and resist by force the authority of one's government [verb]:a:to act in or show opposition or disobedience b :to feel or exhibit anger or revulsion
	revolutionize	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to overthrow the established government of [verb]:transitive verb:to imbue with revolutionary doctrines [verb]:transitive verb:to change fundamentally or completely [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in revolution
	riot	英文： [n.]:archaic a:profligate behavior :DEBAUCHERY b :unrestrained revelry c :noise, uproar, or disturbance made by revelers [n.]:a:public violence, tumult, or disorder b :a violent public disorder specifically :a tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by three or more persons assembled together and acting with a common intent [n.]:a random or disorderly profusion [n.]:one that is wildly amusing [verb]:to indulge in revelry or wantonness [verb]:to create or engage in a riot
注释：revolt：v.叛乱，造反；反感

反感	revolt	英文： [verb]:同上
	disgust	英文： [n.]:marked aversion aroused by something highly distasteful :REPUGNANCE [verb]:transitive verb:to provoke to loathing, repugnance, or aversion :be offensive to [verb]:transitive verb:to cause (one) to lose an interest or intention [verb]:intransitive verb:to cause disgust
	horrify	英文： [verb]:to cause to feel horror [verb]:to fill with distaste :SHOCK synonyms see DISMAY
	nauseate	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to become affected with nausea [verb]:intransitive verb:to feel disgust [verb]:transitive verb:to affect with nausea or disgust
	rebel	英文： [verb]:同上
	repel	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to drive back :REPULSE b :to fight against :RESIST [verb]:transitive verb:TURN AWAY, REJECT [verb]:transitive verb:a:to drive away :DISCOURAGE b :to be incapable of adhering to, mixing with, taking up, or holding c :to force away or apart or tend to do so by mutual action at a distance [verb]:transitive verb:to cause aversion in :DISGUST [verb]:intransitive verb:to cause aversion
	sicken	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to become sick [verb]:intransitive verb:to become weary or satiated [verb]:transitive verb:to make sick [verb]:transitive verb:to cause revulsion in
注释：

酬谢	reward	英文： [verb]:to give a reward to or for [verb]:RECOMPENSE [n.]:something that is given in return for good or evil done or received or that is offered or given for some service or attainment [n.]:a stimulus administered to an organism following a correct or desired response that increases the probability of occurrence of the response
	compensate	英文： [verb]:同上
	pay	英文： [verb]:同上
	remunerate	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：reward：n.酬报，奖赏；v.酬谢，奖赏

奖赏	reward	英文： [verb]:同上
	award	英文： [verb]:to give by judicial decree or after careful consideration [verb]:to confer or bestow as being deserved or merited or needed Synonyms see GRANT [n.]:a:a judgment or final decision especially :the decision of arbitrators in a case submitted to them b :the document containing the decision of arbitrators [n.]:something that is conferred or bestowed especially on the basis of merit or need
注释：reward：n.酬报，奖赏；v.酬谢，奖赏

喧闹争吵	rhubarb	英文： [n.]:any of a genus (Rheum) of Asian plants of the buckwheat family having large leaves with thick succulent petioles often used as food also :the petioles of rhubarb [n.]:the dried rhizome and roots of any of several rhubarbs (as Rheum officinale and R. palmatum) grown in China and Tibet and used as a purgative and stomachic [n.]:a heated dispute or controversy
注释：rhubarb：n.(植物)大黄；v./n.喧闹争吵

嘲笑	ridicule	英文： [n.]:the act of ridiculing :DERISION, MOCKERY [verb]:to make fun of
	scoff	英文： [n.]:an expression of scorn, derision, or contempt :GIBE [n.]:an object of scorn, mockery, or derision [verb]:intransitive verb:to show contempt by derisive acts or language [verb]:transitive verb:to treat or address with derision :MOCK
	deride	英文： [verb]: to laugh at contemptuously [verb]:to subject to usually bitter or contemptuous ridicule synonyms see RIDICULE
	jeer	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to speak or cry out with derision or mockery [verb]:transitive verb:to deride with jeers :TAUNT synonyms see SCOFF
	mock	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to treat with contempt or ridicule :DERIDE [verb]:transitive verb:to disappoint the hopes of [verb]:transitive verb:DEFY, CHALLENGE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to imitate (as a mannerism) closely :MIMIC b :to mimic in sport or derision [verb]:intransitive verb:JEER, SCOFF synonyms see RIDICULE, COPY [n.]:an act of ridicule or derision :JEER [n.]:one that is an object of derision or scorn [n.]:MOCKERY [n.]:a:an act of imitation b :something made as an imitation [adv.]:in an insincere or counterfeit manner ― usually used in combination
	taunt	英文： [n.]:a sarcastic challenge or insult [verb]:to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting manner :jeer at synonyms see RIDICULE
	laugh	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to show emotion (as mirth, joy, or scorn) with a chuckle or explosive vocal sound b :to find amusement or pleasure in something c :to become amused or derisive [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to produce the sound or appearance of laughter b :to be of a kind that inspires joy [verb]:transitive verb:to influence or move by laughter [verb]:transitive verb:to utter with a laugh [n.]:the act of laughing [n.]:a:a cause for derision or merriment :JOKE b :an expression of scorn or mockery :JEER [n.]:plural:DIVERSION, SPORT
	rally	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to muster for a common purpose b :to recall to order [verb]:transitive verb:a:to arouse for action b :to rouse from depression or weakness [verb]:intransitive verb:to come together again to renew an effort [verb]:intransitive verb:to join in a common cause [verb]:intransitive verb:RECOVER, REBOUND [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in a rally [n.]:a:a mustering of scattered forces to renew an effort b :a summoning up of strength or courage after weakness or dejection c :a recovery of price after a decline d :a renewed offensive [n.]:a mass meeting intended to arouse group enthusiasm [n.]:a series of shots interchanged between players (as in tennis) before a point is won [n.]:also rallye[French rallye, from English 1rally] :an automobile competition using public roads and ordinary traffic rules with the object of maintaining a specified average speed between checkpoints over a route unknown to the participants until the start of the event [verb]: to attack with raillery :BANTER
	banter	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to speak to or address in a witty and teasing manner [verb]:transitive verb:archaic:DELUDE [verb]:transitive verb:chiefly Southern &Midland:CHALLENGE [verb]:intransitive verb:to speak or act playfully or wittily [n.]:good-natured and usually witty and animated joking
	sneer	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt [verb]:intransitive verb:to speak or write in a scornfully jeering manner [verb]:transitive verb:to utter with a sneer synonyms see SCOFF [n.]:the act of sneering also :a sneering expression or remark
	satirize	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to utter or write satire [verb]:transitive verb:to censure or ridicule by means of satire
	gibe	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to utter taunting words [verb]:transitive verb:to deride or tease with taunting words synonyms see SCOFF
	flout	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to treat with contemptuous disregard :SCORN [verb]:intransitive verb:to indulge in scornful behavior synonyms see SCOFF usage see FLAUNT [n.]: JEER
	fleer	英文： [verb]: to laugh or grimace in a coarse derisive manner :SNEER synonyms see SCOFF [n.]:a word or look of derision or mockery
注释：①ridicule：n.奚落，嘲笑；v.嘲笑 ②scoff：v.嘲笑；狼吞虎咽；n.嘲笑，笑柄 ③同义词辨析：RIDICULE, DERIDE, MOCK, TAUNT mean to make an object of laughter of. RIDICULE implies a deliberate often malicious belittling. DERIDE suggests contemptuous and often bitter ridicule. MOCK implies scorn often ironically expressed as by mimicry or sham deference. TAUNT suggests jeeringly provoking insult or challenge. ④同义词辨析：SCOFF, JEER, GIBE, FLEER, SNEER, FLOUT mean to show one's contempt in derision or mockery. SCOFF stresses insolence, disrespect, or incredulity as motivating the derision. JEER suggests a coarser more undiscriminating derision. GIBE implies taunting either good-naturedly or in sarcastic derision. FLEER suggests grinning or grimacing derisively. SNEER stresses insulting by contemptuous facial expression, phrasing, or tone of voice . FLOUT stresses contempt shown by refusal to heed.

搜查并抢劫	rifle	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to ransack especially with the intent to steal [verb]:transitive verb:to steal and carry away [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in ransacking and stealing [verb]:intransitive verb:to cut spiral grooves into the bore of [n.]:a:a shoulder weapon with a rifled bore b :a rifled artillery piece [n.]:plural:soldiers armed with rifles [verb]:intransitive verb:to propel (as a ball) with great force or speed
	ransack	英文： [verb]:a:to search thoroughly b :to examine closely and carefully [verb]:to search through to commit robbery :PLUNDER
注释：rifle：n.步枪；v.搜查并抢劫

（用不正当手段）操纵，垄断	rig	英文： [verb]:to fit out (as a ship) with rigging [verb]:CLOTHE, DRESS ― usually used with out [verb]:to furnish with special gear :EQUIP [verb]:a:to put in condition or position for use :ADJUST, ARRANGE b :CONSTRUCT [n.]:the distinctive shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts of a ship [n.]:EQUIPAGEespecially:a carriage with its horse [n.]:CLOTHING, DRESS [n.]:tackle, equipment, or machinery fitted for a specified purpose [n.]:a tractor-trailer combination [verb]:to manipulate or control usually by deceptive or dishonest means [verb]:to fix in advance for a desired result
	monopolize	英文： [verb]:to get a monopoly of :assume complete possession or control of
	corner	英文： [n.]:a:the point where converging lines, edges, or sides meet :ANGLE b :the place of intersection of two streets or roads c :a piece designed to form, mark, or protect a corner [n.]:the angular part or space between meeting lines, edges, or borders near the vertex of the angle : as a :the area of a playing field or court near the intersection of the sideline and the goal line or baseline b (1) :either of the four angles of a boxing ring especially :the area in which a boxer rests or is worked on by his seconds during periods between rounds (2) :a group of supporters, well-wishers, or adherents associated especially with a contestant c :the side of home plate nearest to or farthest from a batter d :CORNER KICK e (1) :the outside of a football formation (2) :CORNERBACK [n.]:a:a private, secret, or remote place b :a difficult or embarrassing situation :a position from which escape or retreat is difficult or impossible [n.]:control or ownership of enough of the available supply of a commodity or security especially to permit manipulation of the price [n.]:a point at which significant change occurs ― often used in the phrase turn the corner [adj.]:situated at a corner [adj.]:used or fitted for use in or on a corner [verb]:transitive verb:a:to drive into a corner  b :to catch and hold the attention of especially to force an interview [verb]:transitive verb:to get a corner on [verb]:intransitive verb:to meet or converge at a corner or angle [verb]:intransitive verb:to turn a corner
	forestall	英文： [verb]:to prevent the normal trading in by buying or diverting goods or by persuading persons to raise prices [verb]:archaic:INTERCEPT [verb]:obsolete:OBSTRUCT, BESET [verb]:to exclude, hinder, or prevent by prior occupation or measures [verb]:to get ahead of :ANTICIPATE synonyms see PREVENT
注释：

冲洗掉，漂净	rinse	英文： [verb]:to cleanse by flushing with liquid (as water) ― often used with out [verb]:a:to cleanse (as of soap used in washing) by clear water b :to treat (hair) with a rinse [verb]:to remove (dirt or impurities) by washing lightly or in water only [n.]:the act or process of rinsing [n.]:a:liquid used for rinsing b :a solution that temporarily tints hair
	wash	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cleanse by or as if by the action of liquid (as water) b :to remove (as dirt) by rubbing or drenching with liquid [verb]:transitive verb:to cleanse (fur) by licking or by rubbing with a paw moistened with saliva [verb]:transitive verb:a:to flush or moisten (a bodily part or injury) with a liquid b (1) :to wet thoroughly :DRENCH (2) :to overspread with light :SUFFUSE c :to pass a liquid (as water) over or through especially so as to carry off material from the surface or interior [verb]:transitive verb:to flow along or dash or overflow against [verb]:transitive verb:to move, carry, or deposit by or as if by the force of water in motion [verb]:transitive verb:a:to subject (as crushed ore) to the action of water to separate valuable material b :to separate (particles) from a substance (as ore) by agitation with or in water c (1) :to pass through a bath to carry off impurities or soluble components (2) :to pass (a gas or gaseous mixture) through or over a liquid to purify it especially by removing soluble components [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cover or daub lightly with or as if with an application of a thin liquid (as whitewash or varnish) b :to depict or paint by a broad sweep of thin color with a brush [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to swirl [verb]:transitive verb:LAUNDER [verb]:intransitive verb:to wash oneself or a part of one's body [verb]:intransitive verb:to become worn away by the action of water [verb]:intransitive verb:to clean something by rubbing or dipping in water [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to become carried along on water :DRIFT b :to pour, sweep, or flow in a stream or current [verb]:intransitive verb:to serve as a cleansing agent [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to undergo laundering b (1) :to undergo testing successfully :WORK  (2) :to gain acceptance :inspire belief
注释：

参加暴动	riot	英文： [verb]:同上
	mutiny	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

使成熟	ripen	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to grow or become ripe [verb]:transitive verb:to make ripe [verb]:transitive verb:a:to bring to completeness or perfection b :to age or cure (cheese) to develop characteristic flavor, odor, body, texture, and color c :to improve flavor and tenderness of (beef or game) by aging under refrigeration
	mature	英文： [adj.]:based on slow careful consideration [adj.]:a (1):having completed natural growth and development :RIPE (2) :having undergone maturation b :having attained a final or desired state c :having achieved a low but stable growth rate d :of, relating to, or being an older adult :ELDERLY [adj.]:a:of or relating to a condition of full development b :characteristic of or suitable to a mature individual [adj.]:due for payment [adj.]:belonging to the middle portion of a cycle of erosion [verb]:transitive verb:to bring to maturity or completion [verb]:intransitive verb:to become fully developed or ripe [verb]:intransitive verb:to become due
	mellow	英文： [adj.]:a:of a fruit:tender and sweet because of ripeness b of a wine :well aged and pleasingly mild [adj.]:a:made gentle by age or experience b :rich and full but free from garishness or stridency c :warmed and relaxed by or as if by liquor d :PLEASANT, AGREEABLE e :LAID-BACK [adj.]:of soil:having a soft and loamy consistency [verb]:transitive verb:to make mellow [verb]:intransitive verb:to become mellow ― often used with out
注释：

起涟漪	ripple	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to become lightly ruffled or covered with small waves b :to flow in small waves c :to fall in soft undulating folds [verb]:intransitive verb:to flow with a light rise and fall of sound or inflection [verb]:intransitive verb:to move with an undulating motion or so as to cause ripples [verb]:intransitive verb:to have or produce a ripple effect :SPREAD [verb]:transitive verb:to stir up small waves on [verb]:transitive verb:to impart a wavy motion or appearance to [verb]:transitive verb:to utter or play with a slight rise and fall of sound [n.]:a:a shallow stretch of rough water in a stream b (1) :the ruffling of the surface of water (2) :a small wave [n.]:a:RIPPLE MARKb:a sound like that of rippling water c :a usually slight noticeable effect or reaction
	dimple	英文： [n.]:a slight natural indentation in the surface of some part of the human body [n.]:a depression or indentation on a surface (as of a golf ball) [verb]:transitive verb:to mark with dimples [verb]:intransitive verb:to exhibit or form dimples
注释：ripple：v.起涟漪；n.细浪，涟漪

与…匹敌	rival	英文： [n.]:a:one of two or more striving to reach or obtain something that only one can possess b :one striving for competitive advantage [n.]:obsolete:COMPANION, ASSOCIATE [n.]:one that equals another in desired qualities :PEER [adj.]:having the same pretensions or claims :COMPETING [verb]:intransitive verb:to act as a rival :COMPETE [verb]:transitive verb:to be in competition with [verb]:transitive verb:to strive to equal or excel :EMULATE [verb]:transitive verb:to possess qualities or aptitudes that approach or equal (those of another)
	match	英文： [n.]:a:a person or thing equal or similar to another b :one able to cope with another c :an exact counterpart [n.]:a pair suitably associated [n.]:a:a contest between two or more parties b :a contest (as in tennis or volleyball) completed when one player or side wins a specified number of sets or games [n.]:a:a marriage union b :a prospective partner in marriage [verb]:transitive verb:a:to encounter successfully as an antagonist b (1) :to set in competition or opposition (2) :to provide with a worthy competitor c :to set in comparison [verb]:transitive verb:to join or give in marriage [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to put in a set possessing equal or harmonizing attributes (2) :to cause to correspond :SUIT b (1) :to be the counterpart of also :to compare favorably with (2) :to harmonize with c :to provide with a counterpart d :to provide funds complementary to [verb]:transitive verb:to fit together or make suitable for fitting together [verb]:transitive verb:a:to flip or toss (coins) and compare exposed faces b :to toss coins with [verb]:intransitive verb:to be a counterpart [n.]:a chemically prepared wick or cord formerly used in firing firearms or powder [n.]:a short slender piece of flammable material (as wood) tipped with a combustible mixture that bursts into flame when slightly heated through friction (as by being scratched against a rough surface)
注释：rival：n.竞争者，对手；v.与…匹敌

撕开，分裂	rive	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces :REND b :to split with force or violence [verb]:transitive verb:a:to divide into pieces :SHATTER b :FRACTURE [verb]:intransitive verb:to become split :CRACK synonyms see TEAR
	fission	英文： [n.]:a splitting or breaking up into parts [n.]:reproduction by spontaneous division of the body into two or more parts each of which grows into a complete organism [n.]:the splitting of an atomic nucleus resulting in the release of large amounts of energy [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo fission [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to undergo fission
	split	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to divide lengthwise usually along a grain or seam or by layers b :to affect as if by cleaving or forcing apart [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to tear or rend apart :BURST (2) :to subject (an atom or atomic nucleus) to artificial disintegration by fission b :to affect as if by breaking up or tearing apart :SHATTER [verb]:transitive verb:to divide into parts or portions: as a :to divide between persons :SHARE b :to divide into factions, parties, or groups c :to mark (a ballot) or cast or register (a vote) so as to vote for candidates of different parties d (1) :to divide or break down (a chemical compound) into constituents  (2) :to remove by such separation e :to divide (stock) by issuing a larger number of shares to existing shareholders usually without increase in total par value [verb]:transitive verb:to separate (the parts of a whole) by interposing something [verb]:transitive verb:LEAVE [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to become split lengthwise or into layers b :to break apart :BURST [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to become divided up or separated off b :to sever relations or connections :SEPARATE c :LEAVE especially :to leave without delay [verb]:intransitive verb:British:to betray confidence :act as an informer ― usually used with on [verb]:intransitive verb:to apportion shares [adj.]:DIVIDED, FRACTURED [adj.]:prepared for use by splitting [adj.]:HETEROZYGOUS― used especially by breeders of cage birds sometimes with for [n.]: a:a narrow break made by or as if by splitting b :an arrangement of bowling pins left standing with space for pins between them [n.]:a piece split off or made thin by splitting [n.]:a:a division into or between divergent or antagonistic elements or forces b :a faction formed in this way [n.]:a:the act or process of splitting (as the stock of a corporation) b :the act of lowering oneself to the floor or leaping into the air with legs extended at right angles to the trunk [n.]:a product of division by or as if by splitting [n.]:a wine bottle holding one quarter the usual amount or about .1875 liters (6 to 6.5 ounces) also :the quantity held by a split [n.]:an ice cream sundae served over slices of fruit (as banana) [n.]:the recorded time at or for a specific part of a race
	divide	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to separate into two or more parts, areas, or groups b :to separate into classes, categories, or divisions c :CLEAVE, PART [verb]:transitive verb:a:to separate into portions and give out in shares :DISTRIBUTE b :to possess, enjoy, or make use of in common c :APPORTION [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause to be separate, distinct, or apart from one another b :to separate into opposing sides or parties c :to cause (a parliamentary body) to vote by division [verb]:transitive verb:a:to subject (a number or quantity) to the operation of finding how many times it contains another number or quantity b :to be used as a divisor with respect to (a dividend) c :to use as a divisor ― used with into [verb]:intransitive verb:to perform mathematical division [verb]:intransitive verb:a (1):to undergo replication, multiplication, fission, or separation into parts (2) :to branch out b :to become separated or disunited especially in opinion or interest synonyms see SEPARATE, DISTRIBUTE [n.]: an act of dividing [n.]:a:a dividing ridge between drainage areas b :a point or line of division or disagreement
注释：

吸引（注意力）	rivet	英文： [verb]:英译
	attract	英文： [n.]:a headed pin or bolt of metal used for uniting two or more pieces by passing the shank through a hole in each piece and then beating or pressing down the plain end so as to make a second head [verb]:to fasten with or as if with rivets [verb]:to upset the end or point of (as a metallic pin, rod, or bolt) by beating or pressing so as to form a head [verb]:to fasten or fix firmly [verb]:to attract and hold (as the attention) completely
	draw	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to move continuously toward or after a force applied in advance :PULL as a :to move (as a covering) over or to one side b :to pull up or out of a receptacle or place where seated or carried also :to cause to come out of a container or source [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to go in a certain direction (as by leading) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to bring by inducement or allure :ATTRACT b :to bring in or gather from a specified group or area c :BRING ON, PROVOKE d :to bring out by way of response :ELICIT e :to receive in the course of play [verb]:transitive verb:INHALE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to extract the essence from b :EVISCERATE c :to derive to one's benefit [verb]:transitive verb:to require (a specified depth) to float in [verb]:transitive verb:a:ACCUMULATE, GAIN b :to take (money) from a place of deposit c :to use in making a cash demand d :to receive regularly or in due course [verb]:transitive verb:a:to take (cards) from a stack or from the dealer b :to receive or take at random [verb]:transitive verb:to bend (a bow) by pulling back the string [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to shrink, contract, or tighten [verb]:transitive verb:a:to strike (a ball) so as to impart a backward spin b :to strike (a golf ball) so that a slight to moderate hook results [verb]:transitive verb:to leave (a contest) undecided :TIE [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to produce a likeness or representation of by making lines on a surface (2) :to give a portrayal of :DELINEATE b :to write out in due form c :to design or describe in detail :FORMULATE [verb]:transitive verb:to infer from evidence or premises [verb]:transitive verb:to spread or elongate (metal) by hammering or by pulling through dies also :to shape (as plastic) by stretching or by pulling through dies [verb]:intransitive verb:to come or go steadily or gradually [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to move something by pulling b :to exert an attractive force [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to pull back a bowstring b :to bring out a weapon [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to produce a draft  b :to swell out in a wind [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to wrinkle or tighten up :SHRINK b :to change shape by pulling or stretching [verb]:intransitive verb:to cause blood or pus to localize at one point [verb]:intransitive verb:to create a likeness or a picture in outlines :SKETCH [verb]:intransitive verb:to come out even in a contest [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to make a written demand for payment of money on deposit b :to obtain resources (as of information)
	fascinate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:obsolete:BEWITCH [verb]:transitive verb:a:to transfix and hold spellbound by an irresistible power b :to command the interest of :ALLURE [verb]:intransitive verb:to be irresistibly attractive Synonyms see ATTRACT
注释：rivet：n.铆钉；v.吸引（注意力）

漫步	roam	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to go from place to place without purpose or direction :WANDER [verb]:intransitive verb:to travel purposefully unhindered through a wide area [verb]:intransitive verb:to use a cellular phone outside one's local calling area [verb]:transitive verb:to range or wander over synonyms see WANDER
	saunter	英文： [verb]:to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner :STROLL
	meander	英文： [n.]:a winding path or course especially :LABYRINTH [n.]:a turn or winding of a stream [verb]:to follow a winding or intricate course [verb]:to wander aimlessly or casually without urgent destination :RAMBLE synonyms see WANDER
	ramble	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to move aimlessly from place to place b :to explore idly [verb]:intransitive verb:to talk or write in a desultory or long-winded wandering fashion [verb]:intransitive verb:to grow or extend irregularly [verb]:transitive verb:to wander over :ROAM synonyms see WANDER [n.]:a leisurely excursion for pleasure especially :an aimless walk [n.]:a rambling story or discussion
	wander	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to move about without a fixed course, aim, or goal b :to go idly about :RAMBLE [verb]:intransitive verb:to follow a winding course :MEANDER [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to go astray (as from a course) :STRAY b :to go astray morally :ERR c :to lose normal mental contact :stray in thought [verb]:transitive verb:to roam over
	stroll	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to go from place to place in search of work or profit [verb]:intransitive verb:to walk in a leisurely or idle manner :RAMBLE [verb]:transitive verb:to walk at leisure along or about
注释：①roam：v.漫游，漫步 ②saunter：n./v.闲逛，漫步 ③同义词辨析：WANDER, ROAM, RAMBLE, ROVE, TRAIPSE, MEANDER mean to go about from place to place usually without a plan or definite purpose. WANDER implies an absence of or an indifference to a fixed course. ROAM suggests wandering about freely and often far afield. RAMBLE stresses carelessness and indifference to one's course or objective. ROVE suggests vigorous and sometimes purposeful roaming. TRAIPSE implies a course that is erratic but may sometimes be purposeful. MEANDER implies a winding or intricate course suggestive of aimless or listless wandering.

漫游	roam	英文： [verb]:同上
	rove	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to move aimlessly :ROAM [verb]:transitive verb:to wander through or over synonyms see WANDER [n.]:an act or instance of wandering [verb]:to join (textile fibers) with a slight twist and draw out into roving [n.]: ROVING
	wander	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：roam：v.漫游，漫步

虚构	romance	英文： [n.]:a (1):a medieval tale based on legend, chivalric love and adventure, or the supernatural (2) :a prose narrative treating imaginary characters involved in events remote in time or place and usually heroic, adventurous, or mysterious (3) :a love story especially in the form of a novel b :a class of such literature [n.]:something (as an extravagant story or account) that lacks basis in fact [n.]:an emotional attraction or aura belonging to an especially heroic era, adventure, or activity [n.]:LOVE AFFAIR [n.]:capitalized:the Romance languages [verb]:intransitive verb:to exaggerate or invent detail or incident [verb]:intransitive verb:to entertain romantic thoughts or ideas [verb]:transitive verb:to try to influence or curry favor with especially by lavishing personal attention, gifts, or flattery [verb]:transitive verb:to carry on a love affair with [n.]:a short instrumental piece in ballad style
	fabricate	英文： [verb]:a:INVENT, CREATE b :to make up for the purpose of deception [verb]:CONSTRUCT, MANUFACTURE specifically :to construct from diverse and usually standardized parts
注释：romance：n.传奇故事；虚构；浪漫气氛；v.虚构

旋转，转动	rotate	英文： [adj.]:having the parts flat and spreading or radiating like the spokes of a wheel [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to perform an act, function, or operation in turn b :to pass or alternate in a series [verb]:intransitive verb:to turn about an axis or a center :REVOLVE especially :to move in such a way that all particles follow circles with a common angular velocity about a common axis [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause to turn or move about an axis or a center b :to cause (a plane region or line) to sweep out a volume or surface by moving around an axis so that each of its points remains at a constant distance from the axis [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to grow in rotation [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to pass or act in a series :ALTERNATE [verb]:transitive verb:to exchange (individuals or units) with others
	gyrate	英文： [adj.]:winding or coiled around :CONVOLUTED [verb]:to revolve around a point or axis [verb]:to oscillate with or as if with a circular or spiral motion
	pivot	英文： [n.]:a shaft or pin on which something turns [n.]:a:a person, thing, or factor having a major or central role, function, or effect b :a key player or position specifically :an offensive position of a basketball player standing usually with back to the basket to relay passes, shoot, or provide a screen for teammates [n.]:the action of pivoting especially :the action in basketball of stepping with one foot while keeping the other foot at its point of contact with the floor [adj.]:turning on or as if on a pivot [adj.]:PIVOTAL [verb]:intransitive verb:to turn on or as if on a pivot [verb]:transitive verb:to provide with, mount on, or attach by a pivot [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to pivot
	spin	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to draw out and twist fiber into yarn or thread [verb]:intransitive verb:to form a thread by extruding a viscous rapidly hardening fluid ― used especially of a spider or insect [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to revolve rapidly :GYRATE b :to feel as if in a whirl :REEL [verb]:intransitive verb:to move swiftly especially on or as if on wheels or in a vehicle [verb]:intransitive verb:to fish with spinning bait :TROLL [verb]:intransitive verb:a:of an airplane:to fall in a spin b :to plunge helplessly and out of control [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in spin control (as in politics) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to draw out and twist into yarns or threads b :to produce by drawing out and twisting a fibrous material [verb]:transitive verb:to form (as a web or cocoon) by spinning [verb]:transitive verb:a:to stretch out or extend (as a story) lengthily :PROTRACT ― usually used with out b :to evolve, express, or fabricate by processes of mind or imagination [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to whirl :impart spin to [verb]:transitive verb:to shape into threadlike form in manufacture also :to manufacture by a whirling process [verb]:transitive verb:to set (records or compact discs) rotating on a player :PLAY [verb]:transitive verb:to present (as information) with a particular spin [n.]:a:the act of spinning or twirling something also :an instance of spinning or of spinning something b :the whirling motion imparted (as to a ball or top) by spinning c :an excursion or ride in a vehicle especially on wheels [n.]:a:an aerial maneuver or flight condition consisting of a combination of roll and yaw with the longitudinal axis of the airplane inclined steeply downward b :a plunging descent or downward spiral c :a state of mental confusion [n.]:a:a quantum characteristic of an elementary particle that is visualized as the rotation of the particle on its axis and that is responsible for measurable angular momentum and magnetic moment b :the angular momentum associated with such rotation whose magnitude is quantized and which may assume either of two possible directions also :the angular momentum of a system of such particles derived from the spins and orbital motions of the particles [n.]:a:a usually ingenious twist b (1) :a special point of view, emphasis, or interpretation presented for the purpose of influencing opinion (2) :SPIN CONTROL
	swivel	英文： [n.]:a device joining two parts so that one or both can pivot freely (as on a bolt or pin) [verb]:transitive verb:to turn on or as if on a swivel [verb]:intransitive verb:to swing or turn on or as if on a swivel
	turn	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause to move around an axis or a center :make rotate or revolve b (1) :to cause to move around so as to effect a desired end (as of locking, opening, or shutting) (2) :to affect or alter the functioning of (as a mechanical device) or the level of (as sound) by such movement c :to execute or perform by rotating or revolving d :to twist out of line or shape :WRENCH [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to cause to change position by moving through an arc of a circle (2) :to cause to move around a center so as to show another side of(3) :to cause (as a scale) to move so as to register weight b :to revolve mentally :think over :PONDER [verb]:transitive verb:a:to reverse the sides or surfaces of :INVERT : as (1) :to dig or plow so as to bring the lower soil to the surface (2) :to make (as a garment) over by reversing the material and resewing (3) :to invert feet up and face down (as a character, rule, or slug) in setting type b :to reverse or upset the order or disposition of c :to disturb or upset the mental balance of :DERANGE, UNSETTLE d :to set in another especially contrary direction [verb]:transitive verb:a:to bend or change the course of :DIVERT b :to cause to retreat c :to alter the drift, tendency, or expected result of d :to bend a course around or about :ROUND [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to direct or point (as the face) in a specified way or direction (2) :to present by a change in direction or position b :to bring to bear (as by aiming, pointing, or focusing) :TRAIN c :to direct (as the attention or mind) toward or away from something d :to direct the employment of :APPLY, DEVOTE e (1) :to cause to rebound or recoil (2) :to make antagonistic :PREJUDICE f (1) :to cause to go in a particular direction (2) :DRIVE, SEND  (3) :to convey or direct out of an inverted receptacle [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to make acid or sour (2) :to change the color of (as foliage) b (1) :CONVERT, TRANSFORM (2) :TRANSLATE, PARAPHRASE c :to cause to become of a specified nature or appearance d :to exchange for something else e :to cause to defect to another side [verb]:transitive verb:a:to shape especially in a rounded form by applying a cutting tool while revolving in a lathe b :to give a rounded form to by any means c :to shape or mold artistically, gracefully, or neatly [verb]:transitive verb:to make a fold, bend, or curve in: a :to form by bending b :to cause (the edge of a blade) to bend back or over :BLUNT, DULL [verb]:transitive verb:a:to keep (as money or goods) moving specifically :to dispose of (a stock) to make room for another b :to gain in the course of business c :to make use of d :to carry to completion :PULL OFF [verb]:transitive verb:to engage in (an act of prostitution) [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to move around on an axis or through an arc of a circle :ROTATE b :to become giddy or dizzy :SPIN c (1) :to have as a decisive factor :HINGE (2) :to have a center (as of interest) in something specified (3) :to become focused on something specified [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to direct one's course b (1) :to reverse a course or direction(2) :to have a reactive usually adverse effect c :to take a different course or direction [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to change position (as of one's head) so as to face another way b :to face toward or away from someone or something c :to change one's attitude or reverse one's course of action to one of opposition or hostility d :to make a sudden violent assault especially without evident cause [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to direct one's attention to or away from someone or something b (1) :to change one's religion (2) :to go over to another side or party :DEFECT c :to have recourse :REFER, RESORT d :to direct one's efforts or activity :devote or apply oneself [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to become changed, altered, or transformed: as (1) archaic :to become different (2) :to change color (3) :to become sour, rancid, or tainted (4) :to be variable or inconstant (5) :to become mentally unbalanced :become deranged b (1) :to pass from one state to another :CHANGE  (2) :BECOME, GROW (3) :to become someone or something specified by change from another state :change into (4) :to change by the passage of time [verb]:intransitive verb:to become curved or bent (as from pressure) especially :to become blunted by bending [verb]:intransitive verb:to operate a lathe [verb]:intransitive verb:of merchandise:to be stocked and disposed of :change hands [n.]:a:the action or an act of turning about a center or axis :REVOLUTION, ROTATION b :any of various rotating or pivoting movements in dancing or gymnastics [n.]:a:the action or an act of giving or taking a different direction :change of course or posture : as (1) :a drill maneuver in which troops in mass formation change direction without preserving alignment (2) :any of various shifts of direction in skiing (3) :an interruption of a curve in figure skating b :DEFLECTION, DEVIATION c :the action or an act of turning so as to face in the opposite direction :reversal of posture or coursed :a change effected by turning over to another side e :a place at which something turns, turns off, or turns back :BEND, CURVE [n.]:a short trip out and back or round about [n.]:an act or deed affecting another especially when incidental or unexpected [n.]:a:a period of action or activity :GO, SPELL b :a place, time, or opportunity accorded an individual or unit of a series in simple succession or in a scheduled order c :a period or tour of duty :SHIFT d :a short act or piece (as for a variety show) also :public appearance :PERFORMANCE e (1) :an event in any gambling game after which bets are settled (2) :the order of the last three cards in faro ― used in the phrase call the turn [n.]:something that revolves around a center: as a (1) :LATHE (2) :a catch or latch for a cupboard or cabinet door operated by turning a handle b :a musical ornament consisting of a group of four or more notes that wind about the principal note by including the notes next above and next below [n.]:a special purpose or requirement ― used chiefly in the phrase serve one's turn [n.]:a:an act of changing :ALTERATION, MODIFICATION b :a change in tendency, trend, or drift  c :the beginning of a new period of time :the time when one period changes to the next [n.]:a:distinctive quality or character b :a fashioning of language or arrangement of words :manner of expression c :the shape or mold in which something is fashioned :CAST [n.]:a:the state or manner of being coiled or twisted b :a single round (as of rope passed about an object or of wire wound on a core) [n.]:natural or special ability or aptitude :BENT, INCLINATION [n.]:a special twist, construction, or interpretation [n.]:a:a disordering spell or attack (as of illness, faintness, or dizziness) b :a nervous start or shock [n.]:a:a complete transaction involving a purchase and sale of securities also :a profit from such a transaction b :TURNOVER [n.]:something turned or to be turned: as a :a character or slug inverted in setting type b :a piece of type placed bottom up
注释：rotate：v.旋转，转动；轮流，交替

轮流，交替	rotate	英文： [verb]:同上
	turn	英文： [verb]:同上
	alternate	英文： [adj.]:occurring or succeeding by turns [adj.]:a:arranged first on one side and then on the other at different levels or points along an axial line ― compare OPPOSITE b :arranged one above or alongside the other [adj.]:every other :every second [adj.]:constituting an alternative [adj.]:ALTERNATIVE [verb]:transitive verb:to perform by turns or in succession [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to alternate [verb]:intransitive verb:to change from one to another repeatedly [n.]:ALTERNATIVE [n.]:one that substitutes for or alternates with another
注释：

使变得粗糙，使变得不平	roughen	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make rough or rougher [verb]:intransitive verb:to become rough
注释：

漂泊，流浪	rove	英文： [verb]:同上
	drift	英文： [verb]:[n.]:a:the act of driving something along b :the flow or the velocity of the current of a river or ocean stream [n.]:something driven, propelled, or urged along or drawn together in a clump by or as if by a natural agency: as a :wind-driven snow, rain, cloud, dust, or smoke usually at or near the ground surface b (1) :a mass of matter (as sand) deposited together by or as if by wind or water (2) :a helter-skelter accumulation c :DROVE, FLOCK d :something (as driftwood) washed ashore e :rock debris deposited by natural agents specifically :a deposit of clay, sand, gravel, and boulders transported by a glacier or by running water from a glacier [n.]:a:a general underlying design or tendency  b :the underlying meaning, import, or purport of what is spoken or written [n.]:something (as a tool) driven down upon or forced into a body [n.]:the motion or action of drifting especially spatially and usually under external influence: as a :the lateral motion of an aircraft due to air currents b :an easy moderate more or less steady flow or sweep along a spatial course c :a gradual shift in attitude, opinion, or position d :an aimless course especially :a foregoing of any attempt at direction or control e :a deviation from a true reproduction, representation, or reading especially :a gradual change in the zero reading of an instrument or in any quantitative characteristic that is supposed to remain constant [n.]:a:a nearly horizontal mine passageway driven on or parallel to the course of a vein or rock stratum b :a small crosscut in a mine connecting two larger tunnels [n.]:a:an assumed trend toward a general change in the structure of a language over a period of time b :GENETIC DRIFT [n.]:a mass of planted flowers synonyms see TENDENCY [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to become driven or carried along (as by a current of water, wind, or air) b :to move or float smoothly and effortlessly [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to move along a line of least resistance b :to move in a random or casual way c :to become carried along subject to no guidance or control [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to accumulate in a mass or become piled up in heaps by wind or water b :to become covered with a drift [verb]:intransitive verb:to vary or deviate from a set course or adjustment [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause to be driven in a current b West :to drive (livestock) slowly especially to allow grazing [verb]:transitive verb:a:to pile in heaps b :to cover with drifts
	roam	英文： [verb]:同上
	stray	英文： [n.]:a:a domestic animal that is wandering at large or is lost b :a person or thing that strays [n.]: archaic :the act of going astray [verb]: WANDER: as a :to wander from company, restraint, or proper limits b :to roam about without fixed direction or purpose c :to move in a winding course :MEANDER d :to move without conscious or intentional effort e :to become distracted from an argument or chain of thought f :to wander accidentally from a fixed or chosen route g :ERR, SIN [adj.]:having strayed or escaped from a proper or intended place [adj.]:occurring at random or sporadically [adj.]:not serving any useful purpose :UNWANTED
	tramp	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to walk, tread, or step especially heavily intransitive verb:a:to travel about on foot :HIKE b :to journey as a tramp [verb]:transitive verb:to tread on forcibly and repeatedly [verb]:transitive verb:to travel or wander through or over on foot [n.]:a:VAGRANT 1Ab:a foot traveler c :a woman of loose morals specifically :PROSTITUTE [n.]:a walking trip :HIKE [n.]:the succession of sounds made by the beating of feet on a surface (as a road, pavement, or floor) [n.]:an iron plate to protect the sole of a shoe [n.]:a ship not making regular trips but taking cargo when and where it offers and to any port ― called also tramp steamer [adj.]:having no fixed abode, connection, or destination
注释：

弄皱	ruffle	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:ROUGHEN, ABRADE b :TROUBLE, VEX [verb]:transitive verb:to erect (as feathers) in or like a ruff [verb]:transitive verb:a:to flip through (as pages) b :SHUFFLE [verb]:transitive verb:to make into a ruffle [verb]:intransitive verb:to become ruffled [n.]:COMMOTION, BRAWL [n.]:a state or cause of irritation [n.]:a:a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge b :2RUFF 2 [n.]:an unevenness or disturbance of surface :RIPPLE [n.]:a low vibrating drumbeat less loud than a roll
	rumple	英文： [n.]:FOLD, WRINKLE [verb]:transitive verb:WRINKLE, CRUMPLE [verb]:transitive verb:to make unkempt :TOUSLE [verb]:intransitive verb:to become rumpled
	crease	英文： [n.]:a line, mark, or ridge made by or as if by folding a pliable substance [n.]:a specially marked area in various sports especially :an area surrounding or in front of a goal (as in lacrosse or hockey) [verb]:transitive verb:to make a crease in or on :WRINKLE [verb]:transitive verb:to wound slightly especially by grazing [verb]:intransitive verb:to become creased
	wrinkle	英文： [n.]:a small ridge or furrow especially when formed on a surface by the shrinking or contraction of a smooth substance :CREASE specifically :one in the skin especially when due to age, worry, or fatigue [n.]:a:METHOD, TECHNIQUE b :a change in a customary procedure or method c :something new or different :INNOVATION [n.]:IMPERFECTION, IRREGULARITY [verb]:intransitive verb:to become marked with or contracted into wrinkles [verb]:transitive verb:to contract into wrinkles :PUCKER
注释：①ruffle：v.弄皱或弄乱；激怒；n.皱边（装饰衣服） ②rumple：v.弄皱，弄乱

弄乱	ruffle	英文： [verb]:同上
	rumple	英文： [verb]:同上
	disturb	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to interfere with :INTERRUPT b :to alter the position or arrangement of c :to upset the natural and especially the ecological balance or relations of [verb]:transitive verb:a:to destroy the tranquillity or composure of b :to throw into disorder c :ALARM d :to put to inconvenience [verb]:intransitive verb:to cause disturbance synonyms see DISCOMPOSE
	fluster	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make tipsy [verb]:transitive verb:to put into a state of agitated confusion :UPSET [verb]:intransitive verb:to move or behave in an agitated or confused manner synonyms see DISCOMPOSE
	perturb	英文： [verb]:to disturb greatly in mind :DISQUIET [verb]:to throw into confusion :DISORDER [verb]:to cause to experience a perturbation synonyms see DISCOMPOSE
注释：①ruffle：v.弄皱或弄乱；激怒；n.皱边（装饰衣服） ②rumple：v.弄皱，弄乱

激怒	ruffle	英文： [verb]:同上
	annoy	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts [verb]:transitive verb:to harass especially by quick brief attacks intransitive verb:to cause annoyance
	provoke	英文： [verb]:同上
	rattle	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a rapid succession of short sharp noises [verb]:intransitive verb:to chatter incessantly and aimlessly [verb]:intransitive verb:to move with a clatter or rattle also :to be or move about in a place or station too large or grand [verb]:transitive verb:to say, perform, or affect in a brisk lively fashion [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to make a rattling sound [verb]:transitive verb:ROUSEspecifically:to beat (a cover) for game [verb]:transitive verb:to upset especially to the point of loss of poise and composure :DISTURB synonyms see EMBARRASS [n.]:a device that produces a rattle specifically :a case containing pellets used as a baby's toy b :the sound-producing organ on a rattlesnake's tail [n.]:a:a rapid succession of sharp clattering sounds b :NOISE, RACKET [n.]:DEATH RATTLE [verb]:to furnish with ratlines
	rile	英文： [verb]:to make agitated and angry :UPSET [verb]:ROIL synonyms see IRRITATE
	vex	英文： [verb]:a:to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to b :to bring physical distress to c :to irritate or annoy by petty provocations :HARASS d :PUZZLE, BAFFLE [verb]:to shake or toss about synonyms see ANNOY
注释：①ruffle：v.弄皱或弄乱；激怒；n.皱边（装饰衣服） ②同义词辨析：ANNOY, VEX, IRK, BOTHER mean to upset a person's composure. ANNOY implies a wearing on the nerves by persistent petty unpleasantness. VEX implies greater provocation and stronger disturbance and usually connotes anger but sometimes perplexity or anxiety. IRK stresses difficulty in enduring and the resulting weariness or impatience of spirit. BOTHER suggests interference with comfort or peace of mind. synonym see in addition WORRY

毁坏	ruin	英文： [n.]:a:archaic:a falling down :COLLAPSE b :physical, moral, economic, or social collapse [n.]:a:the state of being ruined ― archaic except in plural b :the remains of something destroyed ― usually used in plural [n.]:a cause of destruction [n.]:a:the action of destroying, laying waste, or wrecking b :DAMAGE, INJURY [n.]:a ruined building, person, or object [verb]:transitive verb:to reduce to ruins :DEVASTATE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to damage irreparably b :BANKRUPT, IMPOVERISH [verb]:transitive verb:to subject to frustration, failure, or disaster [verb]:intransitive verb:to become ruined
	demolish	英文： [verb]:a:TEAR DOWN, RAZE b :to break to pieces :SMASH [verb]:a:to do away with :DESTROY b :to strip of any pretense of merit or credence
	destroy	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to ruin the structure, organic existence, or condition of also :to ruin as if by tearing to shreds [verb]:transitive verb:a:to put out of existence :KILL b :NEUTRALIZE c :ANNIHILATE, VANQUISH [verb]:intransitive verb:to cause destruction
	devastate	英文： [verb]:to bring to ruin or desolation by violent action [verb]:to reduce to chaos, disorder, or helplessness :OVERWHELM Synonyms see RAVAGE
	spoil	英文： [n.]:a:plunder taken from an enemy in war or from a victim in robbery :LOOT b :public offices made the property of a successful party ― usually used in plural c :something valuable or desirable gained through special effort or opportunism or in return for a favor ― usually used in plural [n.]:a:SPOLIATION, PLUNDERING b :the act of damaging :HARM, IMPAIRMENT [n.]:an object of plundering :PREY [n.]:earth and rock excavated or dredged [n.]:an object damaged or flawed in the making [verb]:transitive verb:a:archaic:DESPOIL, STRIP b :PILLAGE, ROB [verb]:transitive verb:archaic:to seize by force [verb]:transitive verb:a:to damage seriously :RUIN b :to impair the quality or effect of [verb]:transitive verb:a:to impair the disposition or character of by overindulgence or excessive praise b :to pamper excessively :CODDLE [verb]:intransitive verb:to practice plunder and robbery [verb]:intransitive verb:to lose valuable or useful qualities usually as a result of decay [verb]:intransitive verb:to have an eager desire synonyms see DECAY, INDULGE
注释：ruin：n.废墟，祸根；毁坏；v.毁坏；毁灭；使破产

毁灭	ruin	英文： [verb]:同上
	ravage	英文： [n.]:an act or practice of ravaging [n.]:damage resulting from ravaging :violently destructive effect [verb]:transitive verb:to wreak havoc on :affect destructively [verb]:intransitive verb:to commit destructive actions
	wreck	英文： [n.]:something cast up on the land by the sea especially after a shipwreck [n.]:a:SHIPWRECKb:the action of wrecking or fact or state of being wrecked :DESTRUCTION c :a violent and destructive crash [n.]:a:a hulk or the ruins of a wrecked ship b :the broken remains of something wrecked or otherwise ruined c :something disabled or in a state of ruin or dilapidation also :a person or animal of broken constitution, health, or spirits [verb]:transitive verb:to cast ashore [verb]:transitive verb:a:to reduce to a ruinous state by or as if by violence b :SHIPWRECK c :to ruin, damage, or imperil by a wreck [verb]:transitive verb:BRING ABOUT, WREAK [verb]:intransitive verb:to become wrecked [verb]:intransitive verb:to rob, salvage, or repair wreckage or a wreck
注释：①ruin：n.废墟，祸根；毁坏；v.毁坏；毁灭；使破产 ②同义词辨析：RAVAGE, DEVASTATE, WASTE, SACK, PILLAGE, DESPOIL mean to lay waste by plundering or destroying. RAVAGE implies violent often cumulative depredation and destruction. DEVASTATE implies the complete ruin and desolation of a wide area. WASTE may imply producing the same result by a slow process rather than sudden and violent action. SACK implies carrying off all valuable possessions from a place. PILLAGE implies ruthless plundering at will but without the completeness suggested by SACK. DESPOIL applies to looting or robbing without suggesting accompanying destruction.

使破产	ruin	英文： [verb]:同上
	bust	英文： [n.]:a sculptured representation of the upper part of the human figure including the head and neck and usually part of the shoulders and breast [n.]:the upper part of the human torso between neck and waist especially :the breasts of a woman [verb]:transitive verb:a:to break or smash especially with force also :to make inoperative b :to bring an end to :BREAK UP ― often used with up c :to ruin financially d :EXHAUST, WEAR OUT ― used in phrases like bust one's butt to describe making a strenuous effort e :to give a hard time to ― often used in phrases like bust one's chops [verb]:transitive verb:TAME [verb]:transitive verb:DEMOTE [verb]:transitive verb:slang a:ARREST b :RAID [verb]:transitive verb:HIT, SLUG [verb]:intransitive verb:to go broke [verb]:intransitive verb:a:BURST b :BREAK DOWN [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to lose at cards by exceeding a limit (as the count of 21 in blackjack) b :to fail to complete a straight or flush in poker [n.]:a:SPREEb:a hearty drinking session [n.]:a:a complete failure :FLOP b :a business depression [n.]:PUNCH, SOCK [n.]:slang a:a police raid b :ARREST [adj.]:BANKRUPT, BROKE
	bankrupt	英文： [n.]: a:a person who has done any of the acts that by law entitle creditors to have his or her estate administered for their benefit b :a person judicially declared subject to having his or her estate administered under the bankrupt laws for the benefit of creditors c :a person who becomes insolvent [n.]:a person who is completely lacking in a particular desirable quality or attribute [adj.]:a:reduced to a state of financial ruin :IMPOVERISHED specifically :legally declared a bankrupt b :of or relating to bankrupts or bankruptcy [adj.]:a:BROKEN, RUINED b :exhausted of valuable qualities :STERILE c :DESTITUTE ― used with of or in [verb]: to reduce to bankruptcy [verb]:IMPOVERISH Synonyms see DEPLETE
	impoverish	英文： [verb]:to make poor [verb]:to deprive of strength, richness, or fertility by depleting or draining of something essential synonyms see DEPLETE
注释：ruin：n.废墟，祸根；毁坏；v.毁坏；毁灭；使破产

发出低沉的隆隆声	rumble	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a low heavy rolling sound [verb]:intransitive verb:to travel with a low reverberating sound [verb]:intransitive verb:to speak in a low rolling tone [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in a rumble [verb]:transitive verb:to utter or emit in a low rolling voice [verb]:transitive verb:British:to reveal or discover the true character of [n.]:a:a low heavy continuous reverberating often muffled sound (as of thunder) b :low frequency noise in phonographic playback caused by the transmission of mechanical vibrations by the turntable to the pickup [n.]:a seat for servants behind the body of a carriage [n.]:a:widespread expression of dissatisfaction or unrest b :a street fight especially among gangs
	boom	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a deep hollow sound [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to increase in importance, popularity, or esteem b :to experience a sudden rapid growth and expansion usually with an increase in prices c :to develop rapidly in population and importance d :to increase greatly in size or number [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to resound ― often used with out [verb]:transitive verb:to cause a rapid growth or increase of :BOOST [verb]:transitive verb:to hit or kick forcefully [n.]:a booming sound or cry ― often used interjectionally to indicate suddenness [n.]:a rapid expansion or increase: as a :a general movement in support of a candidate for office b :rapid settlement and development of a town or district c :a rapid widespread expansion of economic activity d :an upsurge in activity, interest, or popularity [n.]:a long spar used to extend the foot of a sail [n.]:a:a chain or line of connected floating timbers extended across a river, lake, or harbor (as to obstruct passage or catch floating objects) b :a temporary floating barrier used to contain an oil spill [n.]:a:a long beam projecting from the mast of a derrick to support or guide cargo b :a long more or less horizontal supporting arm or brace (as for holding a microphone or for supporting an antenna) [n.]:a spar or outrigger connecting the tail surfaces and the main supporting structure of an aircraft
	roar	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to utter or emit a full loud prolonged sound b :to sing or shout with full force [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to make or emit a loud confused sound (as background reverberation or rumbling) b :to laugh loudly [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to be boisterous or disorderly b :to proceed or rush with great noise or commotion [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a loud noise during inhalation (as that of a horse affected with roaring) [verb]:transitive verb:to utter or proclaim with a roar [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to roar [n.]:the deep cry of a wild animal (as a lion) [n.]:a loud deep cry (as of pain or anger) [n.]:a loud continuous confused sound [n.]:a boisterous outcry
	thunder	英文： [n.]: the sound that follows a flash of lightning and is caused by sudden expansion of the air in the path of the electrical discharge [n.]: a loud utterance or threat [n.]: BANG, RUMBLE [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to produce thunder ― usually used impersonally b :to give forth a sound that resembles thunder [verb]:intransitive verb:ROAR, SHOUT [verb]:transitive verb:to utter loudly :ROAR [verb]:transitive verb:to strike with a sound likened to thunder
注释：

反刍	ruminate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to go over in the mind repeatedly and often casually or slowly [verb]:transitive verb:to chew repeatedly for an extended period [verb]:intransitive verb:to chew again what has been chewed slightly and swallowed :chew the cud [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in contemplation :REFLECT synonyms see PONDER
注释：ruminate：v.反刍；沉思

沉思	ruminate	英文： [verb]:同上
	contemplate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to view or consider with continued attention :meditate on [verb]:transitive verb:to view as contingent or probable or as an end or intention [verb]:intransitive verb:PONDER, MEDITATE synonyms see CONSIDER
	excogitate	英文： [verb]:to think out :DEVISE
	meditate	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in contemplation or reflection [verb]:intransitive verb:to engage in mental exercise (as concentration on one's breathing or repetition of a mantra) for the purpose of reaching a heightened level of spiritual awareness [verb]:transitive verb:to focus one's thoughts on :reflect on or ponder over [verb]:transitive verb:to plan or project in the mind :INTEND, PURPOSE synonyms see PONDER
	mull	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to grind or mix thoroughly :PULVERIZE [verb]:transitive verb:to consider at length :PONDER ― often used with over [verb]:intransitive verb:MEDITATE, PONDER [verb]:to heat, sweeten, and flavor (as wine or cider) with spices [n.]:a soft fine sheer fabric of cotton, silk, or rayon [n.]:friable forest humus that forms a layer of mixed organic matter and mineral soil and merges gradually into the mineral soil beneath [n.]:a finely powdered solid especially in a suspension
	muse	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to become absorbed in thought especially :to turn something over in the mind meditatively and often inconclusively [verb]:intransitive verb:archaic:WONDER, MARVEL [verb]:transitive verb:to think or say reflectively synonyms see PONDER [n.]:a state of deep thought or dreamy abstraction [n.]:capitalized:any of the nine sister goddesses in Greek mythology presiding over song and poetry and the arts and sciences [n.]:a source of inspiration especially :a guiding genius [n.]:POET
	ponder	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to weigh in the mind :APPRAISE [verb]:transitive verb:to think about :reflect on [verb]:intransitive verb:to think or consider especially quietly, soberly, and deeply
	speculate	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to meditate on or ponder a subject :REFLECT b :to review something idly or casually and often inconclusively [verb]:intransitive verb:to assume a business risk in hope of gain especially :to buy or sell in expectation of profiting from market fluctuations [verb]:transitive verb:to take to be true on the basis of insufficient evidence :THEORIZE [verb]:transitive verb:to be curious or doubtful about :WONDER Synonyms see THINK
注释：同义词辨析：PONDER, MEDITATE, MUSE, RUMINATE mean to consider or examine attentively or deliberately. PONDER implies a careful weighing of a problem or, often, prolonged inconclusive thinking about a matter. MEDITATE implies a definite focusing of one's thoughts on something so as to understand it deeply. MUSE suggests a more or less focused daydreaming as in remembrance. RUMINATE implies going over the same matter in one's thoughts again and again but suggests little of either purposive thinking or rapt absorption.

破裂，断裂	rupture	英文： [n.]:breach of peace or concord specifically :open hostility or war between nations [n.]:a:the tearing apart of a tissue b :HERNIA [n.]:a breaking apart or the state of being broken apart [verb]:transitive verb:a:to part by violence :BREAK, BURST b :to create or induce a breach of [verb]:transitive verb:to produce a rupture in [verb]:intransitive verb:to have or undergo a rupture
	break	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to separate into parts with suddenness or violence b :FRACTURE c :RUPTURE d :to cut into and turn over the surface of e :to render inoperable [verb]:transitive verb:a:VIOLATE, TRANSGRESS b :to invalidate (a will) by action at law [verb]:transitive verb:a: archaic:to force entry into b :to burst and force a way through c :to escape by force from d :to make or effect by cutting, forcing, or pressing through [verb]:transitive verb:to disrupt the order or compactness of [verb]:transitive verb:to make ineffective as a binding force [verb]:transitive verb:a:to defeat utterly and end as an effective force :DESTROY b :to crush the spirit of c :to make tractable or submissive: as (1) past part often broke :to train (an animal) to adjust to the service or convenience of humans (2) :INURE, ACCUSTOM d :to exhaust in health, strength, or capacity [verb]:transitive verb:a:to stop or bring to an end suddenly :HALT b :INTERRUPT, SUSPEND c :to open and bring about suspension of operation d :to destroy unity or completeness of e :to change the appearance of uniformity of f :to split the surface of g :to cause to discontinue a habit [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make known :TELL b :to bring to attention or prominence initially [verb]:transitive verb:a:to ruin financially b :to reduce in rank [verb]:transitive verb:a:to split into smaller units, parts, or processes :DIVIDE b (1) :to give or get the equivalent of (a bill) in smaller denominations (2) :to use as the denomination in paying a bill― often used with into, up, or down [verb]:transitive verb:a:to check the speed, force, or intensity of b :to cause failure and discontinuance of (a strike) by measures outside bargaining processes [verb]:transitive verb:to cause a sudden significant decrease in the price, value, or volume of [verb]:transitive verb:a:EXCEED, SURPASS b :to score less than (a specified total) c :to win against (an opponent's service) in tennis d :to make (a run) in football by getting past defenders [verb]:transitive verb:to open the action of (a breechloader) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to find an explanation or solution for :SOLVE b :to discover the essentials of (a code or cipher system) [verb]:transitive verb:to demonstrate the falsity of [verb]:transitive verb:to ruin the prospects of [verb]:transitive verb:to produce visibly [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to escape with sudden forceful effort b :to come into being by or as if by bursting forth c :to effect a penetration d :to emerge through the surface of the water e :to start abruptly f :to become known or published g :to make a sudden dash h :to separate after a clinch in boxing i :to achieve initial success in usually a sudden or striking way j :to begin a race [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to come apart or split into pieces :FRAGMENT, SHATTERb :to open spontaneously or by pressure from within c of a wave :to curl over and fall apart in surf or foam [verb]:intransitive verb:to interrupt one's activity or occupation for a brief period [verb]:intransitive verb:to alter sharply in tone, pitch, or intensity [verb]:intransitive verb:to become fair :CLEAR [verb]:intransitive verb:to make the opening shot of a game of pool [verb]:intransitive verb:to end a relationship, connection, or agreement ― usually used with with or from [verb]:intransitive verb:to give way in disorderly retreat [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to swerve suddenly b :to curve from a straight path [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to fail in health, strength, vitality, resolve, or control b :to become inoperative because of damage, wear, or strain [verb]:intransitive verb:to fail to keep a prescribed gait ― used of a horse [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo a sudden significant decrease in price, value, or volume [verb]:intransitive verb:HAPPEN, DEVELOP [verb]:intransitive verb:to win against an opponent's service in tennis [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to divide into classes, categories, or types ― usually used with into b :to fold, bend, lift, or come apart at a seam, groove, or joint c of cream :to separate during churning into liquid and fat [n.]:a:an act or action of breaking b :the opening shot in a game of pool or billiards [n.]:a:a condition produced by or as if by breaking :GAP b :a gap in an otherwise continuous electric circuit [n.]:the action or act of breaking in, out, or forth [n.]:a place or situation at which a break occurs: as a :the place at which a word is divided especially at the end of a line of print or writing b :the point or location at which waves break for surfing [n.]:an interruption in continuity: as a :a notable change of subject matter, attitude, or treatment b (1) :an abrupt, significant, or noteworthy change or interruption in a continuous process, trend, or surface (2) :a respite from work, school, or duty(3) :relief from annoyance ― often used to express exasperation or irritation in phrases like give me a break (4) :a planned interruption in a radio or television program c :deviation of a pitched baseball from a straight line d mining :FAULT, DISLOCATION e :failure of a horse to maintain the prescribed gait f :an abrupt change in musical or vocal pitch or quality g :the action or an instance of breaking service in tennis h :a usually solo instrumental passage in jazz, folk, or popular music [n.]:a:DASH, RUSH b :FAST BREAK [n.]:a sudden and abrupt decline of prices or values [n.]:a:the start of a race b :the act of separating after a clinch in boxing [n.]:a:a stroke of luck and especially of good luck b :a favorable or opportune situation :CHANCE c :favorable consideration or treatment [n.]:a:a rupture in previously agreeable relations b :an abrupt split or difference with something previously adhered to or followed [n.]:BREAKDOWN
	burst	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to break open, apart, or into pieces usually from impact or from pressure from within [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to give way from an excess of emotion b :to give vent suddenly to a repressed emotion [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to emerge or spring suddenly b :LAUNCH, PLUNGE [verb]:intransitive verb:to be filled to the breaking point [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to burst [verb]:transitive verb:a:to force open (as a door or a way) by strong or vigorous action b :to flood over [verb]:transitive verb:to produce by or as if by bursting [n.]:a:a sudden outbreak especially :a vehement outburst (as of emotion) b :EXPLOSION, ERUPTION c :a sudden intense effort d :the duration of fire in one engagement of the mechanism of an automatic firearm [n.]:an act of bursting [n.]:a result of bursting especially :a visible puff accompanying the explosion of a shell
	crack	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a very sharp explosive sound [verb]:intransitive verb:to break, split, or snap apart [verb]:intransitive verb:FAIL: as a :to lose control or effectiveness under pressure ― often used with up b :to fail in tone [verb]:intransitive verb:to go or travel at good speed ― usually used with on [verb]:transitive verb:a:to break so that fissures appear on the surface b :to break with a sudden sharp sound [verb]:transitive verb:to tell especially suddenly or strikingly [verb]:transitive verb:to strike with a sharp noise :RAP [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to open (as a bottle) for drinking (2) :to open (a book) for studying b :to puzzle out and expose, solve, or reveal the mystery of c :to break into d :to open slightly e :to break through (as a barrier) so as to gain acceptance or recognition f :to show or begin showing (a smile) especially reluctantly or uncharacteristically [verb]:transitive verb:a:to impair seriously or irreparably :WRECK b :to destroy the tone of (a voice) c :DISORDER, CRAZE d :to interrupt sharply or abruptly [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to make a sharp noise [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to subject (hydrocarbons) to cracking (2) :to produce by cracking b :to break up (chemical compounds) into simpler compounds by means of heat –crack the whip :to adopt or apply an authoritative, tyrannical, or threatening approach or policy (as in demanding harder work from employees) [n.]:a:a loud roll or peal b :a sudden sharp noise [n.]:a sharp witty remark :QUIP [n.]:a:a narrow break :FISSURE b :a narrow opening ― used figuratively in phrases like fall through the cracks to describe one that has been improperly or inadvertently ignored or left out [n.]:a:a weakness or flaw caused by decay, age, or deficiency :UNSOUNDNESS b :a broken tone of the voice c :CRACKPOT [n.]:MOMENT, INSTANT [n.]:HOUSEBREAKING, BURGLARY [n.]:a sharp resounding blow [n.]:an attempt or opportunity to do something [n.]:a potent form of cocaine that is obtained by treating the hydrochloride of cocaine with sodium bicarbonate to create small chips used illicitly for smoking ― called also crack cocaine [adj.]:of superior excellence or ability
	fracture	英文： [n.]:the result of fracturing :BREAK [n.]:a:the act or process of breaking or the state of being broken especially :the breaking of hard tissue (as bone) b :the rupture (as by tearing) of soft tissue [n.]:the general appearance of a freshly broken surface of a mineral [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause a fracture in :BREAK b :RUPTURE, TEAR [verb]:transitive verb:a:to damage or destroy as if by rupturing b :to cause great disorder in c :to break up :FRACTIONATE d :to go beyond the limits of (as rules) :VIOLATE [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo fracture
注释：rupture：n./v.破裂，断裂

急促，匆忙行事	rush	英文： [n.]:any of various monocotyledonous often tufted marsh plants (as of the genera Juncus and Luzula of the family Juncaceae, the rush family) with cylindrical often hollow stems which are used in bottoming chairs and plaiting mats [verb]:intransitive verb:to move forward, progress, or act with haste or eagerness or without preparation [verb]:intransitive verb:to advance a football by running plays [verb]:transitive verb:to push or impel on or forward with speed, impetuosity, or violence [verb]:transitive verb:to perform in a short time or at high speed [verb]:transitive verb:to urge to an unnatural or extreme speed [verb]:transitive verb:to run toward or against in attack :CHARGE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to carry (a ball) forward in a running play b :to move in quickly on (a kicker or passer) to hinder, prevent, or block a kick or pass ― used especially of defensive linemen [verb]:transitive verb:a:to lavish attention on :COURT b :to try to secure a pledge of membership (as in a fraternity) from [n.]:a:a violent forward motion b :ATTACK, ONSET c :a surging of emotion [n.]:a:a burst of activity, productivity, or speed b :a sudden insistent demand [n.]:a thronging of people usually to a new place in search of wealth [n.]:a:the act of carrying a football during a game :running play b :the action or an instance of rushing a passer or kicker in football [n.]:a:a round of attention usually involving extensive social activity b :a drive by a fraternity or sorority to recruit new members [n.]:a print of a motion-picture scene processed directly after the shooting for review by the director or producer ― usually used in plural [n.]:a:the immediate pleasurable feeling produced by a drug (as heroin or amphetamine) ― called also flash b :a sudden feeling of intense pleasure or euphoria :THRILL [adj.]:requiring or marked by special speed or urgency
	expedite	英文： [verb]:execute promptly [verb]:to accelerate the process or progress of :speed up [verb]:ISSUE, DISPATCH
	hurry	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to carry or cause to go with haste b :to impel to rash or precipitate action [verb]:transitive verb:a:to impel to greater speed :PROD b :EXPEDITE c :to perform with undue haste [verb]:intransitive verb:to move or act with haste [n.]:disturbed or disorderly activity :COMMOTION [n.]:a:agitated and often bustling or disorderly haste b :a state of eagerness or urgency :RUSH synonyms see HASTE
	scurry	英文： [verb]:to move in or as if in a brisk pace :SCAMPER [verb]:to move around in an agitated, confused, or fluttering manner
注释：

发出沙沙声	rustle	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to make or cause a rustle [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to act or move with energy or speed b :to forage food [verb]:intransitive verb:to steal cattle [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to rustle [verb]:transitive verb:a:to obtain by one's own exertions ― often used with up b :FORAGE [verb]:transitive verb:to steal (as livestock) especially from a farm or ranch [n.]:a quick succession or confusion of small sounds
	whisper	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to speak softly with little or no vibration of the vocal cords especially to avoid being overheard [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a sibilant sound that resembles whispering [verb]:transitive verb:to address in a whisper [verb]:transitive verb:to utter or communicate in or as if in a whisper [n.]: something communicated by or as if by whispering especially :RUMOR [n.]:a:an act or instance of whispering especially :speech without vibration of the vocal cords b :a sibilant sound that resembles whispered speech [n.]:HINT, TRACE
注释：

使伤心，使悲凉	sadden	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make sad [verb]:intransitive verb:to become sad
注释：

松弛	sag	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to lose firmness, resiliency, or vigor b :to decline especially from a thriving state [verb]:intransitive verb:DRIFT [verb]:intransitive verb:to fail to stimulate or retain interest [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to sag :leave slack in [n.]:a tendency to drift (as of a ship to leeward) [n.]:a:a sagging part b :a drop or depression below the surrounding area c :an instance or amount of sagging [n.]:a temporary decline (as in the price of a commodity)
	slack	英文： [adj.]:not using due diligence, care, or dispatch :NEGLIGENT [adj.]:a:characterized by slowness, sluggishness, or lack of energy b :moderate in some quality especially :moderately warm [adj.]:blowing or flowing at low speed [adj.]:a:not tight or taut b :lacking in usual or normal firmness and steadiness :WEAK [adj.]:wanting in activity :DULL [adj.]:lacking in completeness, finish, or perfection Synonyms see NEGLIGENT [verb]:intransitive verb:to be or become slack [verb]:intransitive verb:to shirk or evade work or duty [verb]:transitive verb:a:to be slack or negligent in performing or doing b :LESSEN, MODERATE [verb]:transitive verb:to release tension on :LOOSEN [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause to abate b :SLAKE [n.]:cessation in movement or flow [n.]:a part of something that hangs loose without strain [n.]:trousers especially for casual wear ― usually used in plural [n.]:a dull season or period [n.]:a:a part that is available but not used b :a portion (as of labor or resources) that is required but lacking [n.]:additional leeway or relief from pressure ― usually used with cut [n.]:dialect English:a pass between hills [n.]:the finest screenings of coal produced at a mine unusable as fuel unless cleaned
	relax	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make less tense or rigid :SLACKEN [verb]:transitive verb:to make less severe or stringent :MODIFY [verb]:transitive verb:to deprive of energy, zeal, or strength of purpose [verb]:transitive verb:to relieve from nervous tension [verb]:transitive verb:to treat (hair) chemically in order to relax curls [verb]:intransitive verb:to become lax, weak, or loose :REST [verb]:intransitive verb:to become less intense or severe [verb]:intransitive verb:of a muscle or muscle fiber:to become inactive and lengthen [verb]:intransitive verb:to cast off social restraint, nervous tension, or anxiety [verb]:intransitive verb:to seek rest or recreation [verb]:intransitive verb:to relieve constipation [verb]:intransitive verb:to attain equilibrium following the abrupt removal of some influence (as light, high temperature, or stress)
注释：sag：v.松弛，下垂

下垂	sag	英文： [verb]:同上
	droop	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to hang or incline downward [verb]:intransitive verb:to sink gradually [verb]:intransitive verb:to become depressed or weakened :LANGUISH [verb]:transitive verb:to let droop [n.]:the condition or appearance of drooping
	hang	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to fasten to some elevated point without support from below :SUSPEND b :to suspend by the neck until dead ― often hanged in the past ― often used as a mild oath c :to fasten so as to allow free motion within given limits upon a point of suspension d :to adjust the hem of (a skirt) so as to hang evenly and at a proper height [verb]:transitive verb:to furnish with hanging decorations (as flags or bunting) [verb]:transitive verb:to hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner [verb]:transitive verb:to apply to a wall [verb]:transitive verb:to display (pictures) in a gallery [verb]:transitive verb:to throw (as a curveball) so that it fails to break properly [verb]:transitive verb:to make (a turn) especially while driving [verb]:transitive verb:BASE, FOUND [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to remain suspended or fastened to some point above without support from below :DANGLE b :to die by hanging ― often hanged in the past c :to be connected as something relevant or related [verb]:intransitive verb:to remain poised or stationary in the air [verb]:intransitive verb:LINGER, PERSIST [verb]:intransitive verb:to be imminent :IMPEND [verb]:intransitive verb:to fall or droop from a usually tense or taut position [verb]:intransitive verb:DEPEND [verb]:intransitive verb:a (1):to take hold for support :CLING (2) :to keep persistent contact (3) :to maintain or continue holding a position (4) :to stay even :KEEP UP ― usually used with with b :to be burdensome or oppressive [verb]:intransitive verb:to be uncertain or in suspense [verb]:intransitive verb:to lean, incline, or jut over or downward [verb]:intransitive verb:to be in a state of rapt attention [verb]:intransitive verb:to fit or fall from the figure in easy lines [verb]:intransitive verb:to pass time idly or in relaxing or socializing ― often used with around or out [verb]:intransitive verb:of a thrown ball:to fail to break or drop as intended [n.]:the manner in which a thing hangs [verb]:intransitive verb:DECLIVITY, SLOPE also :DROOP [verb]:intransitive verb:facility with or an understanding of something [verb]:intransitive verb:a hesitation or slackening in motion or in a course
	sink	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to go to the bottom :SUBMERGE b :to become partly buried (as in mud) c :to become engulfed [verb]:intransitive verb:a (1):to fall or drop to a lower place or level (2) :to flow at a lower depth or level (3) :to burn with lower intensity (4) :to fall to a lower pitch or volume b :to subside gradually :SETTLE c :to disappear from view d :to slope gradually :DIP [verb]:intransitive verb: a:to soak or become absorbed :PENETRATE b :to become impressively known or felt [verb]:intransitive verb:to become deeply absorbed [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to go downward in quality, state, or condition b :to grow less in amount or worth [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to fall or drop slowly for lack of strength b :to become depressed c :to fail in health or strength broadly :FAIL [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause to sink b :to force down especially below the earth's surface c :to cause (something) to penetrate [verb]:transitive verb:IMMERSE, ABSORB [verb]:transitive verb:a:to dig or bore (a well or shaft) in the earth :EXCAVATE b :to form by cutting or excising [verb]:transitive verb:to cast down or bring to a low condition or state :OVERWHELM, DEFEAT [verb]:transitive verb:to lower in standing or reputation :ABASE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to lessen in value or amount b :to lower or soften (the voice) in speaking [verb]:transitive verb:RESTRAIN, SUPPRESS [verb]:transitive verb:to pay off (as a debt) :LIQUIDATE [verb]:transitive verb:INVEST [verb]:transitive verb:DROP [verb]:transitive verb:chiefly British:to drink down completely [n.]:a:a pool or pit for the deposit of waste or sewage :CESSPOOL b :a ditch or tunnel for carrying off sewage :SEWER c :a stationary basin connected with a drain and usually a water supply for washing and drainage [n.]:a place where vice, corruption, or evil collects [n.]:SUMP [n.]:a:a depression in the land surface especially :one having a saline lake with no outlet b :SINKHOLE [n.]:a body or process that acts as a storage device or disposal mechanism: as a :HEAT SINK broadly :a device that collects or dissipates energy (as radiation) b :a reactant with or absorber of a substance
注释：

行举手礼；向…致意	salute	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to address with expressions of kind wishes, courtesy, or honor b :to give a sign of respect, courtesy, or goodwill to :GREET [verb]:transitive verb:to become apparent to (one of the senses) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to honor (as a person, nation, or event) by a conventional military or naval ceremony b :to show respect and recognition to (a military superior) by assuming a prescribed position c :to express commendation of :PRAISE [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a salute [n.]:GREETING, SALUTATION [n.]:a:a sign, token, or ceremony expressing goodwill, compliment, or respect b :the position (as of the hand) or the entire attitude of a person saluting a superior [n.]:FIRECRACKER
注释：salute：v.行举手礼；向…致意；n.敬礼

减轻，缓和（痛苦，愧疚）	salve	英文： [n.]:an unctuous adhesive substance for application to wounds or sores [n.]:a remedial or soothing influence or agency [verb]: to remedy (as disease) with or as if with a salve [verb]:QUIET, ASSUAGE [verb]:SALVAGE
	assuage	英文： [verb]: to lessen the intensity of (something that pains or distresses) :EASE [verb]:PACIFY, QUIET [verb]:to put an end to by satisfying :APPEASE, QUENCH Synonyms see RELIEVE
注释：salve：n.药膏；v.减轻，缓和(痛苦，愧疚)

使清洁	sanitize	英文： [verb]:to make sanitary (as by cleaning or sterilizing) [verb]:to make more acceptable by removing unpleasant or undesired features
注释：

使心满意足	sate	英文： [verb]: to cloy with overabundance :GLUT [verb]: to appease (as a thirst) by indulging to the full synonyms see SATIATE
	satiate	英文： [adj.]:filled to satiety [verb]:to satisfy (as a need or desire) fully or to excess
	glut	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to fill especially with food to satiety [verb]:transitive verb:to flood (the market) with goods so that supply exceeds demand [verb]:intransitive verb:to eat gluttonously synonyms see SATIATE [n.]:an excessive quantity :OVERSUPPLY [n.]:archaic:the act or process of glutting [verb]:archaic:to swallow greedily
注释：①sate：v.使心满意足；使厌腻 ②同义词辨析：SATIATE, SATE, SURFEIT, CLOY, PALL, GLUT, GORGE mean to fill to repletion. SATIATE and SATE may sometimes imply only complete satisfaction but more often suggest repletion that has destroyed interest or desire . SURFEIT implies a nauseating repletion. CLOY stresses the disgust or boredom resulting from such surfeiting. PALL emphasizes the loss of ability to stimulate interest or appetite. GLUT implies excess in feeding or supplying. GORGE suggests glutting to the point of bursting or choking.

使厌腻	sate	英文： [verb]:同上
	satiate	英文： [adj.]:同上
	surfeit	英文： [n.]:an overabundant supply :EXCESS [n.]:an intemperate or immoderate indulgence in something (as food or drink) [n.]:disgust caused by excess [verb]: transitive verb:to feed, supply, or give to surfeit [verb]:intransitive verb:archaic:to indulge to satiety in a gratification (as indulgence of the appetite or senses) synonyms see SATIATE
	cloy	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to surfeit with an excess usually of something orig. pleasing [verb]:intransitive verb:to cause surfeit synonyms see SATIATE
	pall	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to lose strength or effectiveness [verb]:intransitive verb:to lose in interest or attraction [verb]:intransitive verb:DWINDLE [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to become insipid [verb]:transitive verb:to deprive of pleasure in something by satiating synonyms see SATIATE [n.]:PALLIUM [n.]:a:a square of linen usually stiffened with cardboard that is used to cover the chalice b (1) :a heavy cloth draped over a coffin (2) :a coffin especially when holding a body [n.]:a:something that covers or conceals especially :an overspreading element that produces an effect of gloom b :a feeling of gloom [verb]:to cover with a pall :DRAPE
注释：同义词辨析：SATIATE, SATE, SURFEIT, CLOY, PALL, GLUT, GORGE mean to fill to repletion. SATIATE and SATE may sometimes imply only complete satisfaction but more often suggest repletion that has destroyed interest or desire . SURFEIT implies a nauseating repletion. CLOY stresses the disgust or boredom resulting from such surfeiting. PALL emphasizes the loss of ability to stimulate interest or appetite. GLUT implies excess in feeding or supplying. GORGE suggests glutting to the point of bursting or choking.

讽刺	satirize	英文： [verb]:同上
	lampoon	英文： [n.]:SATIRE specifically:a harsh satire usually directed against an individual [verb]:to make the subject of a lampoon :RIDICULE
注释：

浸透	saturate	英文： [verb]:to satisfy fully :SATIATE [verb]:to treat, furnish, or charge with something to the point where no more can be absorbed, dissolved, or retained [verb]:a:to fill completely with something that permeates or pervades b :to load to capacity [verb]:to cause to combine until there is no further tendency to combine synonyms see SOAK [adj.]:SATURATED
	drench	英文： [n.]:a poisonous or medicinal drink specifically :a large dose of medicine mixed with liquid and put down the throat of an animal [n.]:a:something that drenches b :a quantity sufficient to drench or saturate [verb]:a:archaic:to force to drink b :to administer a drench to (an animal) [verb]:to wet thoroughly (as by soaking or immersing in liquid) [verb]:to soak or cover thoroughly with liquid that falls or is precipitated [verb]:to fill or cover completely as if by soaking or precipitation Synonyms see SOAK
	soak	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to lie immersed in liquid (as water) :become saturated by or as if by immersion [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to enter or pass through something by or as if by pores or interstices :PERMEATE b :to penetrate or affect the mind or feelings ― usually used with in or into [verb]:intransitive verb:to drink alcoholic beverages intemperately [verb]:transitive verb:to permeate so as to wet, soften, or fill thoroughly [verb]:transitive verb:to place in a surrounding element (as liquid) to wet or permeate thoroughly [verb]:transitive verb:to extract by or as if by steeping [verb]:transitive verb:a:to draw or take in by or as if by suction or absorption b :to intoxicate (oneself) by drinking alcoholic beverages [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to pay an exorbitant amount [n.]:a:the act or process of soaking :the state of being soaked b :that (as liquid) in which something is soaked [n.]:DRUNKARD [n.]:slang:PAWN
	steep	英文： [adj.]:LOFTY, HIGH ― used chiefly of a sea [adj.]:making a large angle with the plane of the horizon [adj.]:a:mounting or falling precipitously b :being or characterized by a rapid and intensive decline or increase [adj.]:extremely or excessively high [n.]:a precipitous place [verb]:transitive verb:to soak in a liquid at a temperature under the boiling point (as for softening, bleaching, or extracting an essence) [verb]:transitive verb:to cover with or plunge into a liquid (as in bathing, rinsing, or soaking) [verb]:transitive verb:to saturate with or subject thoroughly to (some strong or pervading influence) [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo the process of soaking in a liquid synonyms see SOAK [n.]: the state or process of being steeped [n.]:a bath or solution in which something is steeped
注释：①saturate：v.浸透；使充满 ②同义词辨析：SOAK, SATURATE, DRENCH, STEEP, IMPREGNATE mean to permeate or be permeated with a liquid. SOAK implies usually prolonged immersion as for softening or cleansing. SATURATE implies a resulting effect of complete absorption until no more liquid can be held. DRENCH implies a thorough wetting by something that pours down or is poured. STEEP suggests either the extraction of an essence (as of tea leaves) by the liquid or the imparting of a quality (as a color) to the thing immersed. IMPREGNATE implies a thorough interpenetration of one thing by another.

使充满	saturate	英文： [verb]:同上
	cram	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to pack tight :JAM [verb]:transitive verb:a:to fill with food to satiety :STUFF b :to eat voraciously :BOLT [verb]:transitive verb:to thrust in or as if in a rough or forceful manner [verb]:transitive verb:to prepare hastily for an examination [verb]:intransitive verb:to eat greedily or to satiety :STUFF [verb]:intransitive verb:to study a subject intensively especially for an imminent examination [n.]:a compressed multitude or crowd :CRUSH [n.]:last-minute study especially for an examination
	drench	英文： [verb]:同上
	fill	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to put into as much as can be held or conveniently contained b :to supply with a full complement c (1) :to cause to swell or billow (2) :to trim (a sail) to catch the wind d :to raise the level of with fill e :to repair the cavities of (teeth) f :to stop up :OBSTRUCT g :to stop up the interstices, crevices, or pores of (as cloth, wood, or leather) with a foreign substance [verb]:transitive verb:a:FEED, SATIATE b :SATISFY, FULFILL c :MAKE OUT, COMPLETE ― used with out or in d :to draw the playing cards necessary to complete (as a straight or flush in poker) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to occupy the whole of b :to spread through c :to make full [verb]:transitive verb:a:to possess and perform the duties of :HOLD b :to place a person in [verb]:transitive verb:to supply as directed [verb]:transitive verb:to cover the surface of with a layer of precious metal [verb]:intransitive verb:to become full [n.]:a full supply especially :a quantity that satisfies or satiates [n.]something that fills: as a :material used to fill a receptacle, cavity, passage, or low place b :a bit of instrumental music that fills the pauses between phrases (as of a vocalist or soloist) c :artificial light used in photography to reduce or eliminate shadows ― often used attributively
	stuff	英文： [n.]:materials, supplies, or equipment used in various activities: as a obsolete :military baggage b :PERSONAL PROPERTY [n.]:material to be manufactured, wrought, or used in construction [n.]:a finished textile suitable for clothing especially :wool or worsted material [n.]:a:literary or artistic production b :writing, discourse, talk, or ideas of little value :TRASH [n.]:a:an unspecified material substance or aggregate of matter b :something (as a drug or food) consumed or introduced into the body by humans c :a matter to be considered d :a group or scattering of miscellaneous objects or articles also :nonphysical unspecified material [n.]:a:fundamental material :SUBSTANCE [n.]:special knowledge or capability [n.]:a:spin imparted to a thrown or hit ball to make it curve or change course b :the movement of a baseball pitch out of its apparent line of flight :the liveliness of a pitch [n.]:DUNK SHOT [verb]:a:to fill by packing things in :CRAM b :to fill to satiety :SURFEIT c :to prepare (meat or vegetables) by filling or lining with a stuffing d :to fill (as a cushion) with a soft material e :to fill out the skin of (an animal) for mounting [verb]:a:to fill by intellectual effort b :to pack full of something immaterial [verb]:to fill or block up (as nasal passages) [verb]:a:to cause to enter or fill :THRUST b :to put (as a ball or puck) into a goal forcefully from close range [verb]: used in the imperative to express contempt ― often used in the phrases stuff it and get stuffed [verb]:to stop (a ballcarrier) abruptly in a football game
注释：

闲逛	saunter	英文： [verb]:同上
	gad	英文： [n.]:a chisel or pointed iron or steel bar for loosening ore or rock [n.]:chiefly dialect:a long stick [verb]:to be on the go without a specific aim or purpose ― usually used with about [interjection]:used as a mild oath
	ramble	英文： [verb]:同上
	stray	英文： [verb]:同上
	stroll	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：saunter：n./v.闲逛，漫步

烫伤，烫洗	scald	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to burn with or as if with hot liquid or steam [verb]:transitive verb:a:to subject to the action of boiling water or steam b :to bring to a temperature just below the boiling point [verb]:transitive verb:SCORCH [verb]:intransitive verb:to scald something [verb]:intransitive verb:to become scalded [n.]:an injury to the body caused by scalding [n.]an act or process of scalding [n.]any of various conditions or diseases of plants or fruits marked especially by a usually brownish discoloration of tissue [adj.]:archaic:SCABBY, SCURFY [adj.]:archaic:SHABBY, CONTEMPTIBLE [adj.]:subjected to scalding
注释：scald：v./n.烫伤，烫洗

草率地做；对…草率从事	scamp	英文： [n.]:RASCAL, ROGUE [n.]:an impish or playful young person [verb]:to perform or deal with in a hasty, neglectful, or imperfect manner
注释：scamp：n.流氓；顽皮的家伙；v.草率地做；对…草率从事

奔跑	scamper	英文： [verb]:to run nimbly and usually playfully about [n.]:a playful or hurried run or movement
	dart	英文： [n.]:a:archaic:a light spear b (1) :a small missile usually with a pointed shaft at one end and feathers at the other (2) plural but singular in construction :a game in which darts are thrown at a target [n.]:a:something projected with sudden speed especially :a sharp glance b :something causing sudden pain or distress [n.]:something with a slender pointed shaft or outline specifically :a stitched tapering fold in a garment [n.]:a quick movement [verb]:transitive verb:to throw with a sudden movement [verb]:transitive verb:to thrust or move with sudden speed [verb]:transitive verb:to shoot with a dart containing a usually tranquilizing drug [verb]:intransitive verb:to move suddenly or rapidly
	race	英文： [n.]:chiefly Scottish:the act of running [n.]:a:a strong or rapid current of water flowing through a narrow channel b :a watercourse used industrially c :the current flowing in such a course [n.]:a:a set course or duration of time b :the course of life [n.]:a:a contest of speed b plural :a meeting in which several races (as for horses) are run c :a contest or rivalry involving progress toward a goal [n.]:a track or channel in which something rolls or slides specifically :a groove (as for the balls) in a bearing ― see ROLLER BEARING illustration [verb]:intransitive verb:to compete in a race [verb]:intransitive verb:to go, move, or function at top speed or out of control [verb]:intransitive verb:to revolve too fast under a diminished load [verb]:transitive verb:to engage in a race with [verb]:transitive verb:a:to enter in a race b :to drive or ride at high speed c :to transport or propel at maximum speed [verb]:transitive verb:to speed (as an engine) without a working load or with the transmission disengaged [n.]:a breeding stock of animals [n.]:a:a family, tribe, people, or nation belonging to the same stock b :a class or kind of people unified by shared interests, habits, or characteristics [n.]:a:an actually or potentially interbreeding group within a species also :a taxonomic category (as a subspecies) representing such a group b :BREED c :a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits [n.]:obsolete:inherited temperament or disposition [n.]:distinctive flavor, taste, or strength
	scoot	英文： [verb]:to move swiftly [verb]:to slide especially while seated
	scurry	英文： [verb]:同上
	scuttle	英文： [n.]:a shallow open basket for carrying something (as grain or garden produce) [n.]:a metal pail that usually has a bail and a sloped lip and is used especially for carrying coal [n.]: a small opening in a wall or roof furnished with a lid: as a :a small opening or hatchway in the deck of a ship large enough to admit a person and with a lid for covering it b :a small hole in the side or bottom of a ship fitted with a covering or glazed [n.]:a covering that closes a scuttle [verb]:to cut a hole through the bottom, deck, or side of (a ship) specifically :to sink or attempt to sink by making holes through the bottom [verb]:DESTROY, WRECK also :SCRAP [n.]:a quick shuffling pace [n.]:a short swift run [verb]:SCURRY
注释：scamper：v.奔跑，蹦蹦跳跳

蹦蹦跳跳	scamper	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

审视，细看	scan	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to read or mark so as to show metrical structure [verb]:transitive verb:to examine by point-by-point observation or checking: a :to investigate thoroughly by checking point by point and often repeatedly b :to glance from point to point of often hastily, casually, or in search of a particular item [verb]:transitive verb:a:to examine systematically (as by passing a beam of radiation over or through) in order to obtain data especially for display or storage b :to pass over in the formation of an image [verb]:intransitive verb:to scan verse [verb]:intransitive verb:to conform to a metrical pattern Synonyms see SCRUTINIZE [n.]:the act or process of scanning [n.]:a radar or television trace [n.]:an image formed by scanning something: as a :a depiction (as a photograph) of the distribution of a radioactive material in something (as a bodily organ) b :an image of a bodily part produced (as by computer) by combining ultrasonic or radiographic data obtained from several angles or sections
	examine	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to inspect closely b :to test the condition of c :to inquire into carefully :INVESTIGATE [verb]:transitive verb:a:to interrogate closely b :to test by questioning in order to determine progress, fitness, or knowledge [verb]:intransitive verb:to make or give an examination synonyms see SCRUTINIZE
	inspect	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to view closely in critical appraisal :look over [verb]:transitive verb:to examine officially [verb]:intransitive verb:to make an inspection synonyms see SCRUTINIZE
	review	英文： [n.]:a:a formal military inspection b :a military ceremony honoring a person or an event [n.]:REVISION [n.]:a general survey (as of the events of a period) [n.]:an act or the process of reviewing [n.]:judicial reexamination (as of the proceedings of a lower tribunal by a higher) [n.]:a:a critical evaluation (as of a book or play) b :a magazine devoted chiefly to reviews and essays [n.]:a:a retrospective view or survey (as of one's life) b (1) :renewed study of material previously studied (2) :an exercise facilitating such study [n.]:REVUE [verb]:transitive verb:to view or see again [verb]:transitive verb:to examine or study again especially :to reexamine judicially [verb]:transitive verb:to look back on :take a retrospective view of [verb]:transitive verb:a:to go over or examine critically or deliberately b :to give a critical evaluation of [verb]:transitive verb:to hold a review of [verb]:intransitive verb:to study material again :make a review [verb]:intransitive verb:to write reviews
	scrutinize	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to examine closely and minutely [verb]:intransitive verb:to make a scrutiny
注释：①scan：v.审视，细看；浏览，扫描；标出格律 ②同义词辨析：SCRUTINIZE, SCAN, INSPECT, EXAMINE mean to look at or over. SCRUTINIZE stresses close attention to minute detail. SCAN implies a surveying from point to point often suggesting a cursory overall observation. INSPECT implies scrutinizing for errors or defects. EXAMINE suggests a scrutiny in order to determine the nature, condition, or quality of a thing.

浏览，扫描；	scan	英文： [verb]:同上
	skim	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to clear (a liquid) of scum or floating substance b :to remove (as film or scum) from the surface of a liquid c :to remove cream from by skimming d :to remove the best or most easily obtainable contents from [verb]:transitive verb:to read, study, or examine superficially and rapidly especially :to glance through (as a book) for the chief ideas or the plot [verb]:transitive verb:to throw in a gliding path especially :to throw so as to ricochet along the surface of water [verb]:transitive verb:to cover with or as if with a film, scum, or coat [verb]:transitive verb:to pass swiftly or lightly over [verb]:transitive verb:a:to remove or conceal (as a portion of casino profits) to avoid payment of taxes b :EMBEZZLE [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to pass lightly or hastily :glide or skip along, above, or near a surface b :to give a cursory glance, consideration, or reading [verb]:intransitive verb:to become coated with a thin layer of film or scum [verb]:intransitive verb:to put on a finishing coat of plaster [verb]:intransitive verb:to embezzle money [n.]:a thin layer, coating, or film [n.]:the act of skimming [n.]:something skimmed specifically :SKIM MILK [adj.]:having the cream removed by skimming [adj.]:made of skim milk
	scamper	英文： [verb]:同上
	browse	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to consume as browse b :GRAZE [verb]:transitive verb:to look over casually :SKIM [verb]:transitive verb:to access (a network) by means of a browser [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to feed on or as if on browse b :GRAZE [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to skim through a book reading passages that catch the eye b :to look over or through an aggregate of things casually especially in search of something of interest [n.]:tender shoots, twigs, and leaves of trees and shrubs used by animals for food [n.]:an act or instance of browsing
	glance	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to strike a surface obliquely so as to go off at an angle [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to make sudden quick movements b :to flash or gleam with quick intermittent rays of light [verb]:intransitive verb:to touch on a subject or refer to it briefly or indirectly [verb]:intransitive verb:a:of the eyes:to move swiftly from one thing to another b :to take a quick look at something [verb]:transitive verb:archaic a:to take a quick look at b :to catch a glimpse of [verb]:transitive verb:to give an oblique path of direction to: a :to throw or shoot so that the object glances from a surface b archaic :to aim (as an innuendo) indirectly :INSINUATE [n.]:a:a quick intermittent flash or gleam b archaic :a sudden quick movement [n.]:a:archaic:a rapid oblique movement b :a deflected impact or blow [n.]:a:a swift movement of the eyes b :a quick or cursory look [n.]:archaic a:a brief satirical reference to something :GIBE b :ALLUSION
注释：

标出格律	scan	英文： [verb]:同上
注释：

惊吓，受惊	scare	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to frighten especially suddenly :ALARM [verb]:intransitive verb:to become scared [n.]:a sudden fright [n.]:a widespread state of alarm :PANIC
	alarm	英文： [n.]:usually alarumarchaic:a call to arms [n.]:a signal (as a loud noise or flashing light) that warns or alerts also :a device that signals [n.]:sudden sharp apprehension and fear resulting from the perception of imminent danger [n.]:a warning notice synonyms see FEAR [verb]: DISTURB, EXCITE [verb]:to give warning to [verb]:to strike with fear [verb]:to equip with an alarm
	appall	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:obsolete:WEAKEN, FAIL [verb]:transitive verb:to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay Synonyms see DISMAY
	frighten	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:to make afraid :TERRIFY [verb]:transitive verb:to drive or force by frightening [verb]:intransitive verb:to become frightened
	horrify	英文： [verb]:同上
	startle	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to move or jump suddenly (as in surprise or alarm) [verb]:transitive verb:to frighten or surprise suddenly and usually not seriously [n.]:a sudden mild shock (as of surprise or alarm)
注释：scare：n./v.惊吓，受惊

散开，驱散	scatter	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause to separate widely b :to cause to vanish [verb]:transitive verb:archaic:to fling away heedlessly :SQUANDER [verb]:transitive verb:to distribute irregularly [verb]:transitive verb:to sow by casting in all directions :STREW [verb]:transitive verb:a:to reflect irregularly and diffusely b :to cause (a beam of radiation) to diffuse or disperse [verb]:transitive verb:to divide into ineffectual small portions [verb]:intransitive verb:to separate and go in various directions :DISPERSE [verb]:intransitive verb:to occur or fall irregularly or at random [n.]: the act of scattering [n.]: a small quantity or number irregularly distributed or strewn about :SCATTERING [n.]: the state or extent of being scattered especially :DISPERSION
	disperse	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to cause to break up b :to cause to become spread widely c :to cause to evaporate or vanish [verb]:transitive verb:to spread or distribute from a fixed or constant source: as a archaic :DISSEMINATE b :to subject (as light) to dispersion c :to distribute (as fine particles) more or less evenly throughout a medium [verb]:intransitive verb:to break up in random fashion [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to become dispersed b :DISSIPATE, VANISH Synonyms see SCATTER
	dissipate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to break up and drive off (as a crowd) b :to cause to spread thin or scatter and gradually vanish c :to lose (as heat or electricity) irrecoverably [verb]:transitive verb:to spend or use up wastefully or foolishly [verb]:intransitive verb:to break up and scatter or vanish [verb]:intransitive verb:to be extravagant or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure especially :to drink to excess synonyms see SCATTER
	dispel	英文： [verb]:to drive away by or as if by scattering :DISSIPATE Synonyms see SCATTER
注释：同义词辨析：SCATTER, DISPERSE, DISSIPATE, DISPEL mean to cause to separate or break up. SCATTER implies a force that drives parts or units irregularly in many directions. DISPERSE implies a wider separation and a complete breaking up of a mass or group. DISSIPATE stresses complete disintegration or dissolution and final disappearance. DISPEL stresses a driving away or getting rid of as if by scattering.

清除	scavenge	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a (1):to remove (as dirt or refuse) from an area (2) :to clean away dirt or refuse from :CLEANSE b :to feed on (carrion or refuse) [verb]:transitive verb:a:to remove (burned gases) from the cylinder of an internal combustion engine after a working stroke b :to remove (as an undesirable constituent) from a substance or region by chemical or physical means c :to clean and purify (molten metal) by taking up foreign elements in chemical union [verb]:transitive verb:to salvage from discarded or refuse material also :to salvage usable material from [verb]intransitive verb:to work or act as a scavenger
	eliminate	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to put an end to or get rid of :REMOVE, ERADICATE b :to remove from consideration c :to remove from further competition by defeating [verb]:transitive verb:to expel (as waste) from the living body [verb]:transitive verb:to cause (as an unknown) to disappear by combining two or more mathematical equations [verb]:intransitive verb:to expel waste from the living body
	remove	英文： [verb]:transitive verb:a:to change the location, position, station, or residence of b :to transfer (a legal proceeding) from one court to another [verb]:transitive verb:to move by lifting, pushing aside, or taking away or off [verb]:transitive verb:to dismiss from office [verb]:transitive verb:to get rid of :ELIMINATE [verb]:intransitive verb:to change location, station, or residence [verb]:intransitive verb:to go away [verb]:intransitive verb:to be capable of being removed [n.]: REMOVALspecifically:MOVE [n.]:a:a distance or interval separating one person or thing from another b :a degree or stage of separation
	clean	英文： [adj.]:a:free from dirt or pollution b :free from contamination or disease c :free or relatively free from radioactivity [adj.]:a:UNADULTERATED, PURE b of a precious stone :having no interior flaws visible c :free from growth that hinders tillage [adj.]:a:free from moral corruption or sinister connections of any kind also :free from violations b :free from offensive treatment of sexual subjects and from the use of obscenity c :observing the rules :FAIR [adj.]:ceremonially or spiritually pure [adj.]:a:THOROUGH, COMPLETE b :deftly executed :SKILLFUL c :hit beyond the reach of an opponent [adj.]:a:relatively free from error or blemish :CLEAR specifically :LEGIBLE b :UNENCUMBERED [adj.]:a:characterized by clarity and precision :TRIM b :EVEN, SMOOTH c :free from impedances to smooth flow (as of water or air) [adj.]:a:EMPTY b :free from drug addiction c slang :having no contraband (as weapons or drugs) in one's possession [adj.]:habitually neat [adv.]:a:so as to clean b :in a clean manner [adv.]:all the way :COMPLETELY [verb]:transitive verb:a:to make clean: as (1) :to rid of dirt, impurities, or extraneous matter (2) :to rid of corruption b :REMOVE, ERADICATE ― usually used with up or off [verb]:transitive verb:a:STRIP, EMPTY b :to remove the entrails from c :to deprive of money or possessions ― often used with out [verb]:intransitive verb:to undergo or perform a process of cleaning [n.]:an act of cleaning dirt especially from the surface of something
注释：

扼要表示	schematize	英文： [verb]:to form or to form into a scheme or systematic arrangement [verb]:to express or depict schematically
注释：

闪烁；（言谈举止中）焕发才智	scintillate	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to emit sparks :SPARK [verb]:intransitive verb:to emit quick flashes as if throwing off sparks :SPARKLE [verb]:transitive verb:to throw off as a spark or as sparkling flashes
	coruscate	英文： [verb]:to give off or reflect light in bright beams or flashes :SPARKLE [verb]:to be brilliant or showy in technique or style
	sparkle	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to throw out sparks b :to give off or reflect bright moving points of light c :to perform brilliantly [verb]:intransitive verb:EFFERVESCE [verb]:intransitive verb:to become lively or animated [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to glitter or shine synonyms see FLASH [n.]:a little spark :SCINTILLATION [n.]:the quality of sparkling [n.]:a:ANIMATION, LIVELINESS b :the quality or state of being effervescent
	twinkle	英文： [verb]:intransitive verb:to shine with a flickering or sparkling light :SCINTILLATE [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to flutter the eyelids b :to appear bright especially with merriment [verb]:intransitive verb:to flutter or flit rapidly [verb]:transitive verb:to cause to shine with fluctuating light [verb]:transitive verb:to flicker or flirt rapidly [n.]:a wink of the eyelids [n.]:the instant's duration of a wink :TWINKLING [n.]:an intermittent radiance :FLICKER, SPARKLE [n.]:a rapid flashing motion :FLIT
注释：

狼吞虎咽	scoff	英文： [verb]:同上
	gorge	英文： [n.]:THROAT― often used with rise to indicate revulsion accompanied by a sensation of constriction [n.]:a:a hawk's crop b :STOMACH, BELLY [n.]:the entrance into an outwork (as a bastion) of a fort [n.]:a narrow passage through land especially :a narrow steep-walled canyon or part of a canyon [n.]:a primitive device used instead of a fishhook that consists of an object (as a piece of bone attached in the middle of a line) easy to swallow but difficult to eject [n.]:a mass choking a passage [n.]:the line on the front of a coat or jacket formed by the crease of the lapel and collar [verb]:intransitive verb:to eat greedily or to repletion also :to partake of something in large amounts [verb]:intransitive verb:a:to stuff to capacity :GLUT b :to fill completely or to the point of distension [verb]:intransitive verb:to consume greedily synonyms see SATIATE [n.]:the act or an instance of gorging
	wolf	英文： [n.]:plural also wolf a:any of several large predatory canids (genus Canis) that live and hunt in packs and resemble the related dogs especially :GRAY WOLF ― compare COYOTE, JACKAL b :the fur of a wolf [n.]:a (1):a fierce, rapacious, or destructive person (2) :a man forward, direct, and zealous in amatory attentions to women b :dire poverty :STARVATION c :the maggot of a warble fly [n.]:[German; from the howling sound] a (1) :dissonance in some chords on organs, pianos, or other instruments with fixed tones tuned by unequal temperament (2) :an instance of such dissonance b :a harshness due to faulty vibration in various tones in a bowed instrument [verb]:to eat greedily :DEVOUR
	devour	英文： [verb]: to eat up greedily or ravenously [verb]: to use up or destroy as if by eating [verb]: to prey upon [verb]: to enjoy avidly
注释：scoff：v.嘲笑；狼吞虎咽；n.嘲笑，笑柄